22nd United States Congress

The 22nd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1831, to March 4, 1833, during the third and fourth years of Andrew Jackson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1820 United States census. Both chambers had a Jacksonian majority.

"22nd Congress" redirects here. For the Soviet congress, see 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
22nd United States Congress
21st ←
→ 23rd
United States Capitol (1827)
March 4, 1831 – March 4, 1833
Members48 senators
213 representatives
3 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityJacksonian
Senate PresidentJohn C. Calhoun (J)
(until December 28, 1832)
Vacant
(from December 28, 1832)
House majorityJacksonian
House SpeakerAndrew Stevenson (J)
Sessions
1st: December 5, 1831 – July 16, 1832
2nd: December 3, 1832 – March 2, 1833

Major events
Main articles: 1831 in the United States, 1832 in the United States, and 1833 in the United States

Major legislation
Main article: Major legislation: 22nd United States Congress

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate
Party
(shading shows control)		 Total Vacant
National
Republican
(NR)		 Jacksonian
(J)		Nullifier
(N)
End of previous congress 22 25 0 47 1
Begin 20 24 2 46 2
End 22 1 471
Final voting share 46.8% 51.1% 2.1%
Beginning of next congress 25 20 1 46 2

House of Representatives
Party
(shading shows control)		 Total Vacant
National
Republican
(NR)		 Anti-
Masonic
(AM)		Jacksonian
(J)		Nullifier
(N)
End of previous congress 72 6 134 0 212 1
Begin 65 16 127 4 212 1
End 63 17 128
Final voting share 29.7% 8.0% 60.4% 1.9%
Beginning of next congress 62 25 144 9 240 0

Leadership
President of the Senate
John C. Calhoun

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring re-election in 1832; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring re-election in 1834; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring re-election in 1836.

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

These counts reflect changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate
See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
  • Replacements: 7
    • Jacksonians: no net change
    • National Republicans: no net change
    • Nullifiers: no net change
  • Deaths: 0
  • Resignations: 7
  • Interim appointments: 1
  • Total seats with changes: 9
Senate changes
State
(class)		 Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[lower-alpha 1]
Indiana
(1)		 Vacant James Noble had died February 26, 1831, in the previous Congress.
Successor appointed August 19, 1831.		 Robert Hanna (NR) Installed August 19, 1831
Kentucky
(3)		 Vacant Legislature elected late November 10, 1831. Henry Clay (NR) Installed November 10, 1831
Louisiana
(2)		 Edward Livingston (J) Resigned May 24, 1831, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of State.
Successor elected November 15, 1831.		 George A. Waggaman (NR) Installed November 15, 1831
Pennsylvania
(1)		 Isaac D. Barnard (J) Resigned December 6, 1831, due to ill health.
Successor elected December 13, 1831.		 George M. Dallas (J) Installed December 13, 1831
Indiana
(1)		 Robert Hanna (NR) Appointee retired when elected successor qualified.
Successor elected January 3, 1832.		 John Tipton (J) Installed January 3, 1832
Mississippi
(1)		 Powhatan Ellis (J) Resigned July 16, 1832, after being appointed U.S. District Judge.
Successor appointed November 12, 1832, to finish the term.		 John Black (J) Installed November 12, 1832
Virginia
(2)		 Littleton Waller Tazewell (J) Resigned July 16, 1832.
Successor elected December 10, 1832.		 William C. Rives (J) Installed December 10, 1832
South Carolina
(2)		 Robert Y. Hayne (N) Resigned December 13, 1832, to become Governor of South Carolina.
Successor elected December 29, 1832.		 John C. Calhoun (N) Installed December 29, 1832
New York
(3)		 William L. Marcy (J) Resigned January 1, 1833, after becoming Governor of New York.
Successor elected January 14, 1833.		 Silas Wright (J) Installed January 4, 1833
South Carolina
(3)		 Stephen D. Miller (N) Resigned March 2, 1833, due to ill health. Vacant Not filled this term

House of Representatives
See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
  • Replacements: 9
    • Jacksonians: 1-seat net gain
    • National Republicans: 2-seat net loss
    • Anti-Masonics: 1-seat net gain
  • Deaths: 8
  • Resignations: 2
  • Contested election: 0
  • Total seats with changes: 11
House changes
District Vacated by Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[lower-alpha 1]
North Carolina 2nd Vacant Vacancy in term John Branch (J) Seated May 12, 1831
Georgia at-large Wilson Lumpkin (J) Resigned some time in 1831 before the convening of Congress Augustin S. Clayton (J) Seated January 21, 1832
Vermont 2nd Rollin C. Mallary (NR) Died April 15, 1831 William Slade (AM) Seated November 1, 1831
Missouri at-large Spencer D. Pettis (NR) Died August 28, 1831 William H. Ashley (NR) Seated October 31, 1831
Pennsylvania 11th William Ramsey (J) Died September 29, 1831 Robert McCoy (J) Seated November 22, 1831
North Carolina 6th Robert Potter (J) Resigned November ????, 1831 Micajah T. Hawkins (J) Seated December 15, 1831
Vermont 1st Jonathan Hunt (NR) Died May 15, 1832.
A special election was held and a new member elected January 1, 1833 on the fourth ballot.		 Hiland Hall (NR) Seated January 21, 1833
Virginia 22nd Charles C. Johnston (J) Died June 17, 1832 Joseph Draper (J) Seated December 6, 1832
Maryland 6th George E. Mitchell (J) Died June 28, 1832 Charles S. Sewall (J) Seated October 1, 1832
Virginia 18th Philip Doddridge (NR) Died November 19, 1832 Joseph Johnson (J) Seated January 21, 1833
New York 1st James Lent (J) Died February 22, 1833 Vacant Not filled this Congress

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes
  1. When seated or oath administered, not necessarily when service began.

References
    • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
    • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
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