57th United States Congress

The 57th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4, 1901, to March 4, 1903, during the final six months of William McKinley's presidency, and the first year and a half of the first administration of his successor, Theodore Roosevelt. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1890 United States census. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

57th United States Congress
56th ←
→ 58th
United States Capitol (1906)
March 4, 1901 – March 4, 1903
Members90 senators
357 representatives
5 non-voting delegates
Senate majorityRepublican
Senate PresidentTheodore Roosevelt (R)[lower-alpha 1]
(until September 14, 1901)
Vacant
(from September 14, 1901)
House majorityRepublican
House SpeakerDavid B. Henderson (R)
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1901 – March 9, 1901
1st: December 2, 1901 – July 1, 1902
2nd: December 1, 1902 – March 3, 1903

Major events
Main articles: 1901 in the United States, 1902 in the United States, and 1903 in the United States

Major legislation
Main article: List of United States federal legislation, 1901-2001 § 57th United States Congress

Party summary

Senate
Party
(shading shows control)		 Total Vacant
Democratic
(D)		 Populist
(P)		Republican
(R)		Silver
Republican
(SR)		Silver
(S)
End of previous congress 25 5 53 3 2 88 2
Begin 28 3 53 2 0 86 4
End 29 2 57 900
Final voting share 32.2% 2.2% 63.3% 2.2% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 33 0 55 2 0 90 0

House of Representatives
Party
(shading shows control)		 Total Vacant
Democratic
(D)		 Populist
(P)		Republican
(R)		Silver
Republican
(SR)		Silver
(S)
End of previous congress 158 6 186 2 1 353 4
Begin 152 5 196 1 1 355 2
End 147 197 3516
Final voting share 41.9% 1.4% 56.1% 0.3% 0.3%
Beginning of next congress 178 0 206 0 0 384 2

Leadership

Senate leadership
Senate President
Theodore Roosevelt (R)
Senate
President pro tempore
William P. Frye (R)

Presiding

House leadership
House Speaker
David B. Henderson (R)

Presiding

Majority (Republican) leadership

Minority (Democratic) leadership

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

At this time, Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. The Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, precede the names in the list below. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1904; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1906; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1902.

House of Representatives

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

Note:Delaware's Class 1 Senate seat remained vacant for entire Congress due to the legislature's failure to elect.

  • Replacements: 4
  • Deaths: 3
  • Resignations: 0
  • Vacancy: 1
  • Total seats with changes: 6
State
(class)		 Vacated by Reason for vacancy Subsequent Date of successor's installation
Montana
(1)		 Vacant Senator William A. Clark vacated his seat during previous congress.
Successor was elected March 7, 1901.		 Paris Gibson (D) March 7, 1901
Delaware
(1)		 Vacant Seat remained vacant as Legislature failed to elect to fill vacancy in term.
Senator was elected March 2, 1903 for the term ending March 4, 1905.		 L. Heisler Ball (R) March 2, 1903
Delaware
(2)		 Vacant Legislature failed to elect to fill vacancy in term.
Senator was elected March 2, 1903 for the term ending March 4, 1907.		 J. Frank Allee (R) March 2, 1903
Nebraska
(2)		 Vacant Legislature failed to elect to fill vacancy in term.
Successor was elected March 28, 1901.		 Joseph Millard (R) March 28, 1901
Nebraska
(1)		 William V. Allen (Pop.) Interim appointee did not run to finish the term.
Successor was elected March 28, 1901.
Successor delayed taking seat until December 2, 1901, after resigning as Governor of Nebraska on May 1, 1901, but his service began on the date of his election, March 28, 1901.		 Charles H. Dietrich (R) December 2, 1901
South Dakota
(3)		 James H. Kyle (R) Died July 1, 1901.
Successor was appointed July 11, 1901, to continue the term and subsequently elected January 20, 1903, to finish the term.[2]		 Alfred B. Kittredge (R) July 11, 1901
New Jersey
(2)		 William J. Sewell (R) Died December 27, 1901.
Successor was elected.		 John F. Dryden (R) January 29, 1902
Michigan
(2)		 James McMillan (R) Died August 10, 1902.
Successor was appointed September 27, 1902, to continue the term and subsequently elected December 7, 1902, to finish the term..		 Russell A. Alger (R) September 27, 1902

House of Representatives
  • Replacements: 17
  • Deaths: 14
  • Resignations: 5
  • Contested elections: 2
  • Total seats with changes: 24
District Previous Reason for change Subsequent Date of successor's installation
Maine 4th Vacant Rep. Charles A. Boutelle resigned during previous congress Llewellyn Powers (R) April 8, 1901
New York 24th Vacant Rep. Albert D. Shaw died during previous congress Charles L. Knapp (R) November 5, 1901
Pennsylvania 10th Marriott H. Brosius (R) Died March 16, 1901 Henry B. Cassel (R) November 5, 1901
Michigan 10th Rousseau O. Crump (R) Died May 1, 1901 Henry H. Aplin (R) October 15, 1901
Texas 6th Robert E. Burke (D) Died June 5, 1901. Dudley G. Wooten (D) July 13, 1901
South Carolina 7th J. William Stokes (D) Died July 6, 1901. Asbury F. Lever (D) July 13, 1901
New York 7th Nicholas Muller (D) Resigned November 22, 1901. Montague Lessler (R) January 7, 1902
Pennsylvania 17th Rufus K. Polk (D) Died March 5, 1902. Alexander Billmeyer (D) November 4, 1902
Kentucky 3rd John S. Rhea (D) Lost contested election March 25, 1902 J. McKenzie Moss (R) March 25, 1902
Massachusetts 6th William H. Moody (R) Resigned May 1, 1902, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Navy Augustus P. Gardner (R) November 4, 1902
Missouri 12th James J. Butler (D) Seat declared vacant May 1, 1902. Butler elected to fill his own vacancy. James J. Butler (D) November 4, 1902
New York 10th Amos J. Cummings (D) Died May 2, 1902. Edward Swann (D) November 4, 1902
Virginia 6th Peter J. Otey (D) Died May 4, 1902. Carter Glass (D) November 4, 1902
New Jersey 4th Joshua S. Salmon (D) Died May 6, 1902. De Witt C. Flanagan (D) June 18, 1902
Texas 3rd Reese C. De Graffenreid (D) Died August 29, 1902. Gordon J. Russell (D) November 4, 1902
New York 26th George W. Ray (R) Resigned September 11, 1902, after being appointed judge for the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York John W. Dwight (R) November 4, 1902
Texas 4th John L. Sheppard (D) Died October 11, 1902. Morris Sheppard (D) November 15, 1902
Connecticut 3rd Charles A. Russell (R) Died October 23, 1902 Frank B. Brandegee (R) November 4, 1902
Pennsylvania 28th James K. P. Hall (D) Resigned November 29, 1902 Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Oregon 1st Thomas H. Tongue (R) Died January 11, 1903. Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Texas 8th S. W. T. Lanham (D) Resigned January 15, 1903, after being elected Governor of Texas Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Iowa 2nd John N. W. Rumple (R) Died January 31, 1903 Seat remained vacant until next Congress
North Carolina 9th James M. Moody (R) Died February 5, 1903. Seat remained vacant until next Congress
Missouri 12th James J. Butler (D) Lost contested election February 26, 1903. George C. R. Wagoner (R) February 26, 1903
Kansas 7th Chester I. Long (R) Resigned March 4, 1903, after becoming U.S. Senator Seat remained vacant until next Congress

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes
  1. U.S. Vice President Roosevelt's term as President of the Senate ended on September 14, 1901 when he ascended to the presidency. President pro tempore William P. Frye acted his duties as the president of the Senate.

References
  1. "SENATORS FIGHT ON SENATE FLOOR; McLaurin and Tillman of South Carolina Come to Blows. BOTH ADJUDGED IN CONTEMPT They Apologize, but Committee Will Pass on the Affair. Fisticuffs Followed McLaurin's Assertion That Tillman Had Lied About Him in the Course of Philippine Debate". The New York Times. February 23, 1902.
  2. Journal of the Senate of the South Dakota Legislature Commencing January 6, 1903, Eighth Session. Pierre, South Dakota. 1903. p. 296.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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