Typhoon Haishen (2020)

Typhoon Haishen, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Kristine, was a powerful tropical cyclone that became the first super typhoon of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season. Being also the tenth named storm and this season's fifth typhoon, Haishen's origins can be tracked back to a disorganised low pressure area situated near Guam. While the disturbance tracked south-westward and quickly organised, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the system, and a day later, on September 1, the system became a tropical depression.[1] The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Haishen according to the Japan Meteorological Agency as it moved southwestward.[2] At about 12:00 UTC on September 2, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geological and Astronomical Services Administration indicated that Haishen had entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility and was subsequently named Kristine.[3][4] Later that day, Haishen became a typhoon. Intensification on September 3 was significant. Drifting northwestward into extremely favorable conditions, Haishen became a category 3-equivalent typhoon, acquiring a pinhole eye, before undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle (EWRC). Strengthening resumed soon after and the JTWC assessed wind speeds of 135 kn (155 mph; 250 km/h) as it peaked as a powerful Category 4 super typhoon and had attained a new, symmetrical, clear eye.[5][6]

This article is about the 2020 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Haishen.
Typhoon Haishen (Kristine)
Typhoon Haishen near peak intensity on September 4
Meteorological history
FormedAugust 30, 2020
ExtratropicalSeptember 7, 2020
DissipatedSeptember 10, 2020
Violent typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds195 km/h (120 mph)
Lowest pressure910 hPa (mbar); 26.87 inHg
Category 4-equivalent super typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds250 km/h (155 mph)
Lowest pressure915 hPa (mbar); 27.02 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities4 total, 6 missing
Damage>$100 million (2022 USD)
Areas affectedMariana Islands, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, Northeastern China
IBTrACS
Part of the 2020 Pacific typhoon season

Traversing northward toward land while gaining latitude, ocean heat content became unfavorable for supporting such a strong system, and while the central pressure decreased, the system's wind speeds began decreasing, as the structure began degrading. The eye's former shape was no longer present as it appeared ragged on satellite imagery, and Dvorak analysis indicated that Haishen was beginning to weaken steadily. On September 5, Haishen began to lose its eye as its inner eyewall began contracting, and it subsequently weakened to a category 3-equivalent typhoon.[7] On September 6, Haishen made landfall on Japan and South Korea as a strong category 2-equivalent typhoon.[8]

Haishen was the third typhoon within a span of two weeks to make landfall in the Korean Peninsula, the others being Bavi and Maysak.

Meteorological history
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On August 29, the JTWC began tracking a very disorganized tropical disturbance situated a couple hundred miles northeast of Guam. By the next day, the disturbance had quickly organized, and the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for the low-pressure area.[9] By the next day, it intensified into Tropical Depression 11W.[1] Traversing generally south-westward, the depression quickly intensified into a tropical storm.[2] The JMA soon followed and upgraded the system into a tropical storm as well, and was given the international name Haishen. Later that day, Haishen became a severe tropical storm as it headed southwest into the Philippine Sea. Intensification on September 3 was significant - with Typhoon Haishen acquiring a pinhole eye early in the day, but it later underwent an eyewall replacement cycle. The cycle completed quickly, however, and strengthening resumed almost immediately. Then, the JTWC noted the possibility of Haishen becoming a Category 5 super typhoon in one of their advisories.

Entering the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), the Philippine Atmospheric, Geological and Atmospheric Services Administration (PAGASA) named the system Kristine.[3][4] Early on September 4, the JTWC assessed that Haishen became a Category 4-equivalent super typhoon - with 1-minute sustained wind speeds of 135 kn (155 mph; 250 km/h),[5] with a clear, symmetrical eye visible on satellite imagery.[6] On September 5, as Haishen's latitude increased, the ocean heat content in the area decreased,[10] which disrupted the system's core and caused its eye to appear ragged on satellite imagery, subsequently indicating weakening, and dropping below super typhoon status.[7]

Later that day, the system left the PAR and PAGASA issued its last bulletin on the typhoon.[11] As the system continued its northward track toward the Japanese archipelago, it continued to weaken and became a category 3 typhoon as Haishen made another eyewall replacement cycle, and not too long after it dropped to a category 2 typhoon as it neared the Southern Ryukyu Islands of Japan. A mandatory evacuation order was issued for western Japan as millions of people evacuated accordingly.[8] Haishen made landfall in Ulsan, South Korea at around 09:00 KST (00:00 UTC) on September 7,[12] with 10-minute maximum sustained winds at 140 km/h (85 mph) and the central pressure at 955 hPa (28.20 inHg). Shortly after, Haishen entered the Sea of Japan as a high-end tropical storm; due to the low-sea surface temperatures, Haishen quickly weakened and made landfall in the South Hamgyong Province, North Korea with 10-minute maximum sustained winds of 100 km/h (60 mph) and a central pressure of 980 hPa (28.94 inHg).[13] Soon afterwards, JTWC issued its final warning on Haishen, as it moved further inland into North Korea.[14] At 18:50 UTC, JMA issued its last advisory on Haishen, and declared it an extratropical low as it moved near the China–North Korea border.[13]

Preparations

Japan

Officials ordered people to evacuate from dangerous areas near the coast and follow orders by local governments. According to Japanese public broadcaster NHK., 246, 251 people in Kagoshima and 36,392 in Nagasaki were evacuated. More than 580 domestic flights and bullet trains were cancelled to southern Kyushu and Okinawa.[15] Authorities issued emergency warnings and stated that residents were urged to prepare for evacuation.[16]

South Korea

The Korea Meteorological Administration has issued a preliminary typhoon warning for all South Korean provinces as well as a heavy rain warning for northern Gangwon Province. Over 340 flights and 114 shipping routes, in addition to several national train services, were cancelled.[17]

North Korea

Residents in coastal Kangwon Province were evacuated and flood warnings were issued ahead of the storm.[17]

Impact

At least four casualties were reported, with two in Japan and another two in South Korea. The storm caused flood and wind-related damage and major power outages. Around 10,000 houses were damaged, destroyed or flooded in storm-related incidents. Total combined economic losses are anticipated to surpass US$100 million.[18]

Japan

Haishen brought strong winds and high waves to parts of Japan.[19] At least two people were killed and over 100 were injured.[20] A mudslide in Miyazaki Prefecture left four people missing.[17] Agricultural damage across the nation were at JP¥14.93 billion (US$140 million).[21] The Kyushu Electric Power Co stated at least 107,540 households were still without power across the Kyushu region as of 7 September 2020.[22] Moreover, more than 200,000 households were out of power in Kagoshima and 3,930 households in Okinawa.[23] As of being in the path of Haishen, the Japanese Coast Guard was forced to temporarily suspend their search and rescue mission for missing crew members of the cargo ship, Gulf Livestock 1, which sank a week before as of the effects of Typhoon Maysak.[24]

South Korea

As if the Korean Peninsula was not already devastated by Typhoon Maysak which made landfall less than a week earlier, Haisen made landfall in the city of Ulsan, early September 7 local time.[25] Flooding rains and strong winds from Haishen displaced 3,100 people and left at least 75,000 households without power. Two people were killed and five were injured; two others went missing.[17] Two nuclear power plants in Gyeongju automatically stopped during the typhoon for yet unknown reasons.[20] Rains up to 150 mm (5.9 in) were common for coastal areas along the eastern portion of the peninsula, while 75 mm (3.0 in) rain was recorded in the western areas. Transportation was disrupted as of the extreamly flooded roads. According to The Korea Herald, power cuts and severe tree damage was expected in the area. Due to the severe power cut, work was immediately shut down the Hyundai Motors factory in Ulsan.[22] In Busan, a city with a population of 3.4 million, traffic lights collapsed, signboards were ripped off and roads shut down due to strong winds and heavy rain. Total damage along with Typhoon Maysak were calculated at ₩606.3 billion (US$510 million).[26]

North Korea

Widespread flooding occurred in the country. Military personnel were dispatched to assist in rebuilding houses. Roughly 300,000 members of the Workers' Party of Korea involved themselves in reconstruction projects.[20]

China

The extratropical remnants of Haishen entered Northeast China, causing flooding to the region. The total damage in the region, along with Bavi and Maysak, reached CN¥12.8 billion (US$1.87 billion).[27]

See also

References
  1. "Archived copy". www.metoc.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. "Super Typhoon 11W (Haishen), # 18 - Pacific Storm Tracker - Stripes". www.stripes.com. Archived from the original on 2020-09-04.
  3. "気象庁｜統合地図ページ". Archived from the original on 2020-09-04.
  4. "PAGASA". Archived from the original on 2020-09-04.
  5. "Archived copy". www.metoc.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "Archived copy". www.metoc.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. "Archived copy". www.metoc.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 5 September 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. "Typhoon Haishen batters South Korea after slamming Japan". BBC News. 7 September 2020.
  9. "Archived copy". www.metoc.navy.mil. Archived from the original on 4 September 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. "Archived copy". www.ospo.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 5 September 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. "Severe Weather Bulletin #4-FINAL for Typhoon "Kristine"" (PDF). PAGASA. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. 2020-09-05. Archived from the original on 2020-09-05. Retrieved 2020-09-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  12. "Typhoon Haishen making landfall in Ulsan, disrupting flights, train services, plants". Yonhap News Agency. 7 September 2020. Archived from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  13. "Japan Meteorological Agency | Tropical Cyclone Information". www.jma.go.jp. Retrieved 2020-09-07.
  14. "JTWC's Tropical cyclone warning text on Tropical storm 11W (Haishen)".
  15. "Typhoon Haishen weakens but still powerful | NHK WORLD-JAPAN News". NHK WORLD. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
  16. Slotkin, Jason (5 September 2020). "Southwestern Japan Braces For Powerful Typhoon Haishen". NPR. Retrieved 2021-02-16.
  17. "Typhoon Haishen threatens Korea after battering Japan". Channel NewsAsia. 7 September 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  18. "Global Catastrophe Recap September 2020" (PDF). Aon. October 8, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2020. Retrieved October 8, 2020.
  19. "Typhoon Haishen brings strong winds, power outages to Japan". AlJazeera.com. Retrieved 2020-09-07.
  20. "North Korea dispatches troops to rebuild after Typhoon Haishen". Nikkei Asian Review. 8 September 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  21. 令和2年台風第10号に関する情報 (in Japanese). Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. November 2, 2020. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
  22. Travis, Courtney (7 September 2020). "Formidable Typhoon Haishen triggers landslides in Japan, deluges South Korea". AccuWeather. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
  23. Helen Regan, Junko Ogura and Jake Kwon (6 September 2020). "Japan and the Korean Peninsula brace for second powerful typhoon in a week". CNN. Retrieved 2021-02-16.
  24. "Typhoon Haishen: four missing in Japan as storm pounds South Korea". the Guardian. 2020-09-07. Retrieved 2021-02-16.
  25. Douty, Adam (15 September 2020). "Powerful Typhoon Haishen slams Japan, South Korea". Accuweather. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  26. 정부, 태풍 '마이삭'·'하이선' 피해 복구비 6천63억원 확정 (in Korean). KBS World. September 29, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  27. 应急管理部公布2020年全国十大自然灾害 (in Chinese). Ministry of Emergency Management. January 2, 2021. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
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