Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad

Umm Kulthūm bint Muḥammad (Arabic: أم كلثوم بنت محمد) (c. 603–630) was the third daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad by his first wife Khadija bint Khuwaylid.

Umm Kulthūm bint Muḥammad
أم كلثوم بنت محمد
Born603 CE
Mecca, Arabia
DiedNovember, 630 (aged 27)
Medina, Arabia
Resting place
Jannat al-Baqi', Medina
(present-day Saudi Arabia)
SpouseUthman
Childrensamamah
Parents
RelativesQasim (full-brother)
Ruqayya (full-sister)
Zainab (full-sister)
Abd Allah (full-brother)
Fatimah (full-sister)
Ibrahim (half-brother)
Ali (brother-in-law & fathers cousin)
Abu al-As (brother-in-law & maternal-cousin)
FamilyHouse of Muhammad

Conversion to Islam

She was born in Mecca, probably the fifth of their six children.[1]: 10  She was legally married before August 610 to Utaybah ibn Abi Lahab, but the marriage was never consummated.[1]: 26 [2]: 163  She was still living with her parents when Muhammad first declared himself a prophet, and Umm Kulthum became a Muslim soon after her mother did.[1]: 26 

After Muhammad warned Abu Lahab of hellfire in 613, Abu Lahab told Utaybah that he would never speak to him again unless he divorced Umm Kulthum, so he did.[1]: 26  Her maternal brother, Hind ibn Abi Hala, asked Muhammad, "Why did you separate Umm Kulthum from Utaybah?" Muhammad replied, "Allah did not allow me to marry her to a person who is not going to Paradise."[3]

Muhammad left Mecca in September 622. Before long Zayd ibn Haritha brought instructions to Umm Kulthum and her sister Fatima to join their father in Medina.[2]: 171–172  Their uncle Al-Abbas put them on a camel; but as they were setting off, Huwayrith ibn Nuqaydh goaded the animal so that it threw them to the ground.[4]: 773  However, Umm Kulthum and Fatima arrived safely in Medina.[1]: 26 [2]: 163  Muhammad remembered the assault and, when he conquered Mecca in 630, he sentenced Huwayrith to death.[5]: 551 

Second marriage

After the death of her sister Ruqayya left Uthman a widower, he married Umm Kulthum. The marriage was legally contracted in August/September 624,[6]: 128 [2]: 163  but they did not live together until December. The marriage was childless.[1]: 26 [2]: 163 

By 650 rebellions had broken out in the provinces of Egypt and Iraq. In 655 a group of Egyptian malcontents marched upon Medina, the seat of caliphal authority. ʿUthmān, however, was conciliatory, and the rebels headed back to Egypt. Shortly thereafter, however, another group of rebels besieged ʿUthmān in his home, and, after several days of desultory fighting, he was killed.[7]

Death

Umm Kulthum died in November/December 630.[1]: 26 [2]: 11, 163  Her father tearfully conducted her funeral prayers; then Ali, Usama ibn Zayd and Abu Talha laid the corpse.[1]: 27 [2]: 11–12, 163  Muhammad said, "If I had ten daughters, I would marry them all to Uthman."[1]: 26  Uthman was known as Dhu al-Nurayn ("the possessor of the two lights") because it was believed that no other man had ever been married to two daughters of a prophet.[8]: 369 

Twelver Shia View

Recent Shia accounts don't consider her to have been a biological daughter of Muhammad; they regard Fatimah as his only biological daughter. According to most Shia, the narrations stipulating this are not authentic.[9][10]

See also

References
  1. Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  2. Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  3. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, Al-Isaba vol. 6 #9013.
  4. Abdulmalik ibn Hisham. Notes to Ibn Hisham's Life of Muhammad. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  5. Muhammad ibn Ishaq. The Life of Muhammad. Guillaume, A. (1955). The Life of Muhammad. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  6. Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Poonawala, I. K. (1990). Volume 9: The Last Years of the Prophet. Albany: State University of New York Press.
  7. "Uthman ibn Affan | Biography, Achievements, & Assassination | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-06-13. Retrieved 2023-06-25.
  8. Ismail ibn Umar ibn Kathir. Al-Sira al-Nabawiyya. Translated by Le Gassick, T. (1998). The Life of the Prophet Muhammad, vol. 2. Reading, U.K.: Garnet Publishing.
  9. Yasin T. al-Jibouri (1994), Khadija Daughter of Khuwaylid Archived 2006-07-05 at the Wayback Machine
  10. Ordoni, Abu Muhammad; Muhammad Kazim Qazwini (1992), Fatima the Gracious, Ansariyan Publications. ISBN B000BWQ7N6
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