National Iraqi Alliance

Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, leader of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, casts his ballot at a poll station in Baghdad.

The Alliance formed in the lead-up to the January 2005 elections from mainly Shi’ite groups most importantly the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, whose leader Abdul Aziz al-Hakim headed the list, and Islamic Dawa Party. Other important members included the secular Iraqi National Congress led by Ahmed Chalabi and the independent nuclear physicist Hussain Shahristani. It also included supporters of cleric Muqtada al-Sadr who preferred not to back his National Independent Cadres and Elites party, and a number of independent Sunni representatives. The coalition was widely believed to have been supported by senior Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, the most widely respected religious figure in Iraq. Although Sistani offered no official endorsement, many in Iraq understood the UIA to be the "Sistani list."

The twenty-two parties included in the coalition, which was called List 228, were:

1. Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI)
2. Badr Organisation
3. Islamic Dawa Party (al-Dawa)
4. Islamic Dawa Party—Iraq Organisation
5. Islamic Virtue Party
6. Hezbollah Movement in Iraq
7. Hezbollah al-Iraq
8. Islamic Action Organisation
9. Sayyid Al-Shuhadaa Organisation
10. Shaheed Al-Mihrab Organisation
11. Iraqi National Congress (INC)
12. Centrist Assembly Party
13. Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq
14. Fayli Kurd Islamic Union
15. First Democratic National Party
16. Assembly “Future of Iraq”
17. Justice and Equality Grouping
18. Islamic Master of the Martyrs Movement
19. Islamic Union for Iraqi Turkomans
20. Turkmen Fidelity Movement

Many members of the Alliance had lived in exile in Iran, including Ibrahim al-Jaafari, Iraq's Prime Minister from 2005 to 2006, who led the Islamic Dawa Party. In 1980 thousands of al-Dawa supporters were imprisoned or executed after advocating replacing Saddam Hussein's secular Ba'ath Party government with an Islamic government. The Iranian government supported their efforts and allowed members of Al-Da’wa to seek exile in Iran.

The Alliance received 4.08 million votes (48.1%) in the election, which gave the bloc 140 seats on the 275-seat Council of Representatives of Iraq. The Alliance's nominees included 42 women. The Alliance formed a coalition Iraqi Transitional Government with the Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan. Ibrahim al-Jaafari, leader of the Islamic Dawa Party, became the Prime Minister of Iraq and Jalal Talabani of the Kurdistani Alliance became the President of Iraq.

In March 2005, the Iraqi Turkmen Front agreed to join the UIA’s caucus in the National Assembly. In return, Sistani reportedly pledged support for the recognition of Iraqi Turkmen as a national minority.[4]

The Iraqi National Congress left the alliance prior to the December 2005 elections, which also brought the Sadrist Movement more firmly into the Alliance. Al-Sistani also stated that he would not support any party in this election.

The election saw an increased turnout, mainly because the Sunni Arab population decided not to boycott. The alliance won 5.0 million votes (41.2%) an increase of 23% in the number of votes but a reduction of 6.9% in the vote share. They gained 128 seats, 12 fewer than the previous election.

Analysis of the seat allocation after the elections showed that the 109 district seats and 19 compensatory seats won by the UIA were split as follows:

Other parties include:

• Centrist Coalition Party
• Turkman Islamic Union of Iraq
• Justice and Equality Assembly
• Iraqi Democratic Movement
• Movement of Hizbullah in Iraq
• Turkmen Loyalty Movement
• Saed Al Shuhada Islamic Movement
• Al Shabak Democratic Gathering
• Malhan Al Mkoter
• Reform And Building Meeting
• The Justice Community
• Iraq Ahrar

Following the election, the Islamic Virtue Party withdrew from the Alliance, saying they wanted to "prevent blocs forming on a sectarian basis". This followed differences with Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki over control of the Oil Ministry in the Government of Iraq from 2006.[5] This was followed in September 2007 by the Sadrist Movement, who complained the Alliance was "dominated by some parties".[6]

The Alliance formed a coalition with the Kurdistani Alliance, the Sunni Arab-majority Iraqi Accord Front and the secularist Iraqi National List. The Alliance nominated Jaafari for another term as Prime Minister, but his appointment was blocked by the Alliance's coalition partners. Nouri al-Maliki, a deputy leader of the Islamic Dawa Party was agreed instead.[7]

The component parties of the United Iraqi Alliance contested the 2009 provincial elections separately and in August 2009 they announced a new coalition for the 2010 parliamentary election without Prime Minister Maliki's Islamic Dawa Party. The new alliance was called the National Iraqi Alliance.[2] The chairman of the group is former Iraqi Prime Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari.[8]

The parties taking part in the National Iraqi Alliance for the 2010 elections include:

• Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council (ISCI) - led by Ammar al-Hakim[9]
  • Badr Organisation - led by Hadi al-Amiri[10]
  • Hezbollah Movement in Iraq - led by Hassan al-Sari[11]
  • Sayyid al-Shuhada[11] - led by Daghir al-Musawi[12]
• Sadr Movement - led by Muqtada al-Sadr[9]
• National Reform Trend (Islah) - led by Ibrahim al-Jaafari[9]
• Islamic Virtue Party (Fadhilah) led by Abd al-Rahim al-Hasini[9]
• Islamic Dawa Party - Tanzim al-Dakhli - led by Abdul Karim al-Anizi[10]
• Iraqi National Congress (INC) - led by Ahmad Challabi[13]
• Anbar Salvation Council - led by Hamid Hayes[14]
• Solidarity Bloc (Tadamun) - led by Qassim Daoud[11]
• Gathering of Justice and Unity - led by Sheikh al-Faiz[11]
• Turkmeneli Political Party[15]
• Shiite Turkmen Movement[15]
• Constitutional Monarchy Movement - led by Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein[16]
• The party belonging to the Bahr al-Ulloum family - led by Mohammad Bahr al-Ulloum
• The party led by Khalid Abd al-Wahhab al-Mulla
• Several Independent politicians.

The alliance formed following the 2014 parliamentary election includes the Sadrist Movement.[17] The coalition also includes the Badr Organization,[18] the Al-Muwatin coalition and the State of Law Coalition.[19]

• Washington Post article about the United Iraqi Alliance
• Iraqi Shias unveil poll coalition
• The Iraqi newspaper “al-Adalah” published on Dec. 23 2004 the platform of the United Iraqi Alliance