1810 United States census

The 1810 United States census was the third census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 6, 1810. It showed that 7,239,881 people were living in the United States, of whom 1,191,362 were slaves.[1]

1810 United States census
August 6, 1810 (1810-08-06)
Seal of the United States Marshals Service, which administered the census
A page of the 1810 United States census
General information
CountryUnited States
AuthorityOffice of the United States Marshal
Results
Total population7,239,881 (Increase 36.4%)
Most populous ​stateVirginia
983,152
Least populous ​stateDelaware
72,674

The 1810 census included one new state: Ohio. The original census returns for the District of Columbia, Georgia, Mississippi, New Jersey, and Ohio were lost or destroyed over the years.[2] Most of Tennessee's original forms were also lost, other than Grainger and Rutherford counties.[3]

This was the first census in which New York was ranked as the most populous state, if excluding West Virginia from Virginia. Otherwise this would be the last census with Virginia ranked as the most populous state.

Census questions

The 1810 census form contained the following information (identical to the 1800 census):

  1. City or township
  2. Name of the head of family
  3. Number of free white males under age 10
  4. Number of free white males age 10 to under 16
  5. Number of free white males age 16 to under 26
  6. Number of free white males age 26 to under 45
  7. Number of free white males age 45 and over
  8. Number of free white females under age 10
  9. Number of free white females age 10 to under 16
  10. Number of free white females age 16 to under 26
  11. Number of free white females age 26 to under 45
  12. Number of free white females age 45 and over
  13. Number of all other free persons
  14. Number of slaves

Note to researchers

Census taking was not yet an exact science. Before 1830, enumerators lacked pre-printed forms, and some drew up their own, resulting in pages without headings. Some enumerators did not tally their results. As a result, census records for many towns before 1830 are idiosyncratic. This is not to suggest that they are less reliable than subsequent censuses, but that they may require more work on the part of the researcher.

Data availability

No microdata from the 1810 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas, together with compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System.

State rankings
RankStatePopulation
01Virginia [4]983,152
02New York959,049
03Pennsylvania810,091
04Massachusetts [5]700,745
05North Carolina556,526
06South Carolina415,115
07Kentucky406,511
08Maryland380,546
09Connecticut262,042
10Tennessee261,727
11Georgia251,407
12New Jersey245,555
13Ohio230,760
—Maine [6]228,705
14Vermont217,713
15New Hampshire214,360
–West Virginia [7]105,469
16Rhode Island76,931
—Louisiana76,556
17Delaware72,674
—Mississippi31,306
—Indiana24,520
—Missouri19,783
—District of Columbia [8]15,471
—Illinois12,282
—Alabama9,046
—Michigan4,762
—Arkansas1,062

City rankings
RankCityStatePopulation[9][10]Region (2016)[11]
01New YorkNew York96,373Northeast
02PhiladelphiaPennsylvania53,722Northeast
03BaltimoreMaryland46,555South
04BostonMassachusetts33,787Northeast
05CharlestonSouth Carolina24,711South
06Northern LibertiesPennsylvania19,874Northeast
07New OrleansTerritory of Orleans[12]17,242South
08SouthwarkPennsylvania13,707Northeast
09SalemMassachusetts12,613Northeast
10AlbanyNew York10,762Northeast
11ProvidenceRhode Island10,071Northeast
12RichmondVirginia9,735South
13NorfolkVirginia9,193South
14WashingtonDistrict of Columbia8,208South
15NewarkNew Jersey8,008Northeast
16NewportRhode Island7,907Northeast
17NewburyportMassachusetts7,634Northeast
18AlexandriaDistrict of Columbia7,227South
19PortlandMassachusetts[13]7,169Northeast
20PortsmouthNew Hampshire6,934Northeast
21NantucketMassachusetts6,807Northeast
22GloucesterMassachusetts5,943Northeast
23SchenectadyNew York5,903Northeast
24MarbleheadMassachusetts5,900Northeast
25New HavenConnecticut5,772Northeast
26PetersburgVirginia5,668South
27New BedfordMassachusetts5,651Northeast
28LancasterPennsylvania5,405Northeast
29SavannahGeorgia5,215South
30CharlestownMassachusetts4,959Northeast
31GeorgetownDistrict of Columbia4,948South
32PittsburghPennsylvania4,768Northeast
33BeverlyMassachusetts4,608Northeast
34GrotonConnecticut4,451Northeast
35BrooklynNew York4,402Northeast
36MiddleboroughMassachusetts4,400Northeast
37GilmantonNew Hampshire4,338Northeast
38LexingtonKentucky4,326South
39WoodbridgeNew Jersey4,247Northeast
40PlymouthMassachusetts4,228Northeast
41LynnMassachusetts4,087Northeast
42HudsonNew York4,048Northeast
43HartfordConnecticut3,955Northeast
44TauntonMassachusetts3,907Northeast
45MiddletownNew Jersey3,849Northeast
46SmithfieldRhode Island3,828Northeast
47DanburyConnecticut3,606Northeast
48South KingstownRhode Island3,560Northeast
49GreenwichConnecticut3,533Northeast
50ReadingPennsylvania3,462Northeast
51EveshamNew Jersey3,445Northeast
52New LondonConnecticut3,238Northeast
53AndoverMassachusetts3,164Northeast
54South AmboyNew Jersey3,071Northeast
55TrentonNew Jersey3,002Northeast
56NorwalkConnecticut2,983Northeast
57ElizabethNew Jersey2,977Northeast
58NorwichConnecticut2,976Northeast
59North KingstownRhode Island2,957Northeast
60CoventryRhode Island2,928Northeast
61YorkPennsylvania2,847Northeast
62HackensackNew Jersey2,835Northeast
63BerlinConnecticut2,798Northeast
64SpringfieldMassachusetts2,767Northeast
65LondonderryNew Hampshire2,766Northeast
66FarmingtonConnecticut2,748Northeast
67BristolRhode Island2,698Northeast
68HaverhillMassachusetts2,682Northeast
69PittsfieldMassachusetts2,665Northeast
70WorcesterMassachusetts2,577Northeast
71CincinnatiOhio2,540Midwest
72NashvilleTennessee2,490South

References
  1. "Bicentennial Edition: Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970" (PDF). census.gov.
  2. Dollarhide, William (2001). The Census Book: A Genealogists Guide to Federal Census Facts, Schedules and Indexes. North Salt Lake, Utah: HeritageQuest. p. 8.
  3. "Tennessee Census Availability at TSLA and Online". March 5, 2013. Archived from the original on January 23, 2014. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
  4. Including future state West Virginia.
  5. Including future state of Maine.
  6. Between 1790 and 1820, the District of Maine was part of the state of Massachusetts.
  7. Between 1790 and 1860, the state of West Virginia was part of Virginia.
  8. The District of Columbia is not a state but was created with the passage of the Residence Act of 1790. The territory that formed that federal capital was originally donated by both Maryland and Virginia; however, the Virginia portion was returned by Congress in 1846.
  9. Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990, U.S. Census Bureau, 1998
  10. "Population of Connecticut Towns 1756-1820". Connecticut Secretary of the State. State of Connecticut. Archived from the original on January 13, 2017. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
  11. "Regions and Divisions". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  12. Louisiana had not yet become a state at this time.
  13. In present day Maine.
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