1910 United States House of Representatives elections
The 1910 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1910, while Maine and Vermont held theirs early in September, in the middle of President William Howard Taft's term. Elections were held for all 391 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 46 states, to the 62nd United States Congress.
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All 391 seats in the United States House of Representatives[lower-alpha 2] 196 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The conservative Taft contended with major factional splits within his Republican Party. Instead of using his position as president to bridge compromise, Taft alienated the progressive wing of the party, which had championed his predecessor, Theodore Roosevelt. While conservatives controlled the largest number of elected positions for Republicans, progressive politics had been what brought many voters to the polls. The clash of these units of the Republican Party, combined with the message of unity from the Democratic Party, was enough to allow the Democrats to take control of the House, ending 16 years in opposition. This was the first time that the Socialist Party won a seat.
Issues
Protection was the ideological cement holding the Republican coalition together. High tariffs were used by Republicans to promise higher sales to business, higher wages to industrial workers, and higher demand for their crops to farmers. Progressive insurgents said it promoted monopoly. Democrats said it was a tax on the little man. It had greatest support in the Northeast, and greatest opposition in the South and West. The Midwest was the battleground.[3] The great battle over the high Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act in 1910 ripped the Republicans apart and set up the realignment in favor of the Democrats.[4]
Election summaries
| 230 | 2 | 162 |
| Democratic | [lower-alpha 9] | Republican |
| State | Type | Total seats |
Democratic | Republican | Socialist | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
| Alabama | Districts | 9 | 9 |  |
0 | |
0 | |
| Arkansas | Districts | 7 | 7 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| California | Districts | 8 | 1 |  1 |
7 |  1 |
0 | |
| Colorado | Districts + at-large |
3 | 3 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Connecticut | Districts + at-large |
5 | 1 | 1 |
4 | 1 |
0 | |
| Delaware | At-large | 1 | 0 | |
1 | |
0 | |
| Florida | Districts | 3 | 3 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Georgia | Districts | 11 | 11 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Idaho | At-large | 1 | 0 | |
1 | |
0 | |
| Illinois | Districts | 25 | 11 | 5 |
14 | 5 |
0 | |
| Indiana | Districts | 13 | 12 | 1 |
1 | 1 |
0 | |
| Iowa | Districts | 11 | 1 | |
10 | |
0 | |
| Kansas | Districts | 8 | 0 | |
8 | |
0 | |
| Kentucky | Districts | 11 | 9 | 1 |
2 | 1 |
0 | |
| Louisiana | Districts | 7 | 7 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Maine[lower-alpha 10] | Districts | 4 | 2 | 2 |
2 | 2 |
0 | |
| Maryland | Districts | 6 | 5 | 2 |
1 | 2 |
0 | |
| Massachusetts | Districts | 14 | 4 | 1 |
10 | 1 |
0 | |
| Michigan | Districts | 12 | 2 | 2 |
10 | 2 |
0 | |
| Minnesota | Districts | 9 | 1 | |
8 | |
0 | |
| Mississippi | Districts | 8 | 8 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Missouri | Districts | 16 | 14 | 4 |
2 | 4 |
0 | |
| Montana | At-large | 1 | 0 | |
1 | |
0 | |
| Nebraska | Districts | 6 | 3 | |
3 | |
0 | |
| Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 |
0 | |
| New Hampshire | Districts | 2 | 0 | |
2 | |
0 | |
| New Jersey | Districts | 10 | 7 | 4 |
3 | 4 |
0 | |
| New York | Districts | 37 | 22 | 11 |
15[lower-alpha 11] | 11 |
0 | |
| North Carolina | Districts | 10 | 10 | 3 |
0 | 3 |
0 | |
| North Dakota | Districts | 2 | 0 | |
2 | |
0 | |
| Ohio | Districts | 21 | 16 | 8 |
5 | 8 |
0 | |
| Oklahoma | Districts | 5 | 3 | 1 |
2 | 1 |
0 | |
| Oregon | Districts | 2 | 0 | |
2 | |
0 | |
| Pennsylvania | Districts | 32 | 9 | 4 |
23 | 4 |
0 | |
| Rhode Island | Districts | 2 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 |
0 | |
| South Carolina | Districts | 7 | 7 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| South Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | |
2 | |
0 | |
| Tennessee | Districts | 10 | 8 | |
2 | |
0 | |
| Texas | Districts | 16 | 16 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Utah | At-large | 1 | 0 | |
1 | |
0 | |
| Vermont[lower-alpha 10] | Districts | 2 | 0 | |
2 | |
0 | |
| Virginia | Districts | 10 | 9 | |
1 | |
0 | |
| Washington | Districts | 3 | 0 | |
3 | |
0 | |
| West Virginia | Districts | 5 | 4 | 4 |
1 | 4 |
0 | |
| Wisconsin | Districts | 11 | 2 | 1 |
8 | 2 |
1 | 1 |
| Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 0 | |
1 | |
0 | |
| Total[lower-alpha 2] | 391 | 228 58.4% |
56 |
162[lower-alpha 11] 41.4% |
57 |
1 0.3% |
1 | |
|
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Election dates
In 1910, two states, with 6 seats between them, held elections early:
Two newly admitted states held elections late: New Mexico and Arizona held their first elections in 1911.
Special elections
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Georgia 2 | |||||
| Iowa 9 | |||||
| Louisiana 2 | Samuel Louis Gilmore | Democratic | 1909 (Special) | Incumbent died July 18, 1910. New member elected November 8, 1910. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to the next term, see below. |
|
| Massachusetts 4 | Charles Q. Tirrell | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent died July 31, 1910. New member elected November 8, 1910. Democratic gain. Winner lost election to the next term, see below. |
|
| Missouri 6 | |||||
| Tennessee 1 | Walter P. Brownlow | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent died July 8, 1910. New member elected November 8, 1910. Republican hold. |
|
| Virginia 4 | |||||
Alabama
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates[5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama 1 | George W. Taylor | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 2 | S. Hubert Dent | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 3 | Henry D. Clayton | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 4 | William B. Craig | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Alabama 5 | J. Thomas Heflin | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 6 | Richmond P. Hobson | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 7 | John L. Burnett | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 8 | William Richardson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Alabama 9 | Oscar W. Underwood | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas
California
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| California 1 | William F. Englebright | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| California 2 | Duncan E. McKinlay | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| California 3 | Joseph R. Knowland | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 5 | Everis A. Hayes | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 6 | James C. Needham | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| California 7 | James McLachlan | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| California 8 | Sylvester C. Smith | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 2 | Frank Clark | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Florida 3 | Dannite H. Mays | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia
Idaho
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Idaho at-large | Thomas R. Hamer | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Kansas 1 | Daniel R. Anthony Jr. | Republican | 1907 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kansas 2 | Charles F. Scott | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Kansas 3 | Philip P. Campbell | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kansas 4 | James Monroe Miller | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Kansas 5 | William A. Calderhead | Republican | 1894 1896 (lost) 1898 |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Kansas 6 | William A. Reeder | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Kansas 7 | Edmond H. Madison | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Kansas 8 | Victor Murdock | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Kentucky
Louisiana
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Louisiana 1 | |||||
| Louisiana 2 | Samuel Louis Gilmore | Democratic | 1909 (special) | Incumbent died July 18, 1910. New member elected. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to finish the term; see above. |
|
| Louisiana 3 | |||||
| Louisiana 4 | |||||
| Louisiana 5 | |||||
| Louisiana 6 | |||||
| Louisiana 7 | |||||
Maine
Maryland
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maryland 1 | James Harry Covington | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 2 | J. Frederick C. Talbott | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Maryland 3 | John Kronmiller | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Maryland 4 | John Gill Jr. | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Maryland 5 | Sydney Emanuel Mudd I | Republican | 1888 1890 (lost) 1896 |
Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Maryland 6 | George A. Pearre | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Massachusetts
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Massachusetts 1 | George P. Lawrence | Republican | 1897 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 2 | Frederick H. Gillett | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 3 | Charles G. Washburn | Republican | 1906 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Massachusetts 4 | Vacant | Incumbent died July 31, 1910. New member elected. Republican hold. |
| ||
| Massachusetts 5 | Butler Ames | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 6 | Augustus Peabody Gardner | Republican | 1902 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 7 | Ernest W. Roberts | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 8 | Samuel W. McCall | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 9 | John A. Keliher | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Massachusetts 10 | Joseph F. O'Connell | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Massachusetts 11 | Andrew James Peters | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 12 | John W. Weeks | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 13 | William S. Greene | Republican | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 14 | Eugene Foss | Democratic | 1910 (special) | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Massachusetts. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Mississippi 1 | Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Mississippi 2 | Thomas Spight | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Mississippi 3 | Benjamin G. Humphreys II | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Mississippi 4 | Thomas U. Sisson | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Mississippi 5 | Adam M. Byrd | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Mississippi 6 | Eaton J. Bowers | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Mississippi 7 | William A. Dickson | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Mississippi 8 | James Collier | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri
Montana
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Montana at-large | Charles N. Pray | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Nebraska 1 | John A. Maguire | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Nebraska 2 | Gilbert Hitchcock | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| Nebraska 3 | James P. Latta | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Nebraska 4 | Edmund H. Hinshaw | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Nebraska 5 | George W. Norris | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Nebraska 6 | Moses Kinkaid | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| North Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Louis B. Hanna | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Asle Gronna | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Republican hold. | ||
Ohio
Oklahoma
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Oklahoma 1 | Bird S. McGuire | Republican | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Oklahoma 2 | Dick T. Morgan | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Oklahoma 3 | Charles E. Creager | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| Oklahoma 4 | Charles D. Carter | Democratic | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Oklahoma 5 | Scott Ferris | Democratic | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Oregon 1 | Willis C. Hawley | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Oregon 2 | William R. Ellis | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Carolina 1 | George Swinton Legaré | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 2 | James O. Patterson | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
| South Carolina 3 | Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 4 | Joseph T. Johnson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 6 | J. Edwin Ellerbe | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| South Carolina 7 | Asbury F. Lever | Democratic | 1901 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Dakota
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| South Dakota at-large (2 seats elected on a general ticket) |
Charles H. Burke | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Eben Martin | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Tennessee
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Tennessee 1 | Zachary D. Massey | Republican | 1910 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
| Tennessee 2 | Richard W. Austin | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 3 | John A. Moon | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 4 | Cordell Hull | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 5 | William C. Houston | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 6 | Jo Byrns | Democratic | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. | |
| Tennessee 7 | Lemuel P. Padgett | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 8 | Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 9 | Finis J. Garrett | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Tennessee 10 | George Gordon | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
| District | Incumbent | Party | First elected |
Result | Candidates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virginia 1 | |||||
| Virginia 2 | |||||
| Virginia 3 | |||||
| Virginia 4 | |||||
| Virginia 5 | |||||
| Virginia 6 | Carter Glass | Democratic | 1902 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Virginia 7 | |||||
| Virginia 8 | |||||
| Virginia 9 | |||||
| Virginia 10 |
Washington
West Virginia
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| West Virginia 1 | William P. Hubbard | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| West Virginia 2 | George C. Sturgiss | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| West Virginia 3 | Joseph H. Gaines | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| West Virginia 4 | Harry C. Woodyard | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
| West Virginia 5 | James A. Hughes | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin
Wyoming
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Wyoming at-large | Frank W. Mondell | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Non-voting delegates
Alaska Territory
Alaska Territory elected its non-voting delegate August 9, 1910.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Alaska Territory at-large | James Wickersham | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arizona Territory
Arizona Territory elected its non-voting delegate sometime in 1910, but did not serve out the complete term as statehood was granted in 1912.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Arizona Territory at-large | Ralph H. Cameron | Republican | 1908 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Mexico Territory
New Mexico Territory elected its non-voting delegate sometime in 1910, but did not serve out the complete term as statehood was granted in 1912.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Representative | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New Mexico Territory at-large | William Henry Andrews | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
See also
Notes
- Maine and Vermont held elections early, in September 1910.
- Including late elections
- Does not include 2 members from New Mexico and Arizona, elected from their new states in 1911.
- Does not include 1 member from New Mexico, elected from their new state in 1911
- Including one Independent Republican.
- Includes Congressmen Theron Akin of the 25th District of New York, and Samuel Tribble of the 8th District of Georgia.
- Theron Akin had been endorsed by the local Democratic Party in opposition to the Republican incumbent Cyrus Durey, but made known his intention to caucus with the Republican Party as a Progressive Republican upon being sworn in.
- Samuel Tribble ran as an Independent Democrat in opposition to incumbent Congressman William Howard.
- There was 1 Socialist and 1 Progressive Republican
- Elections held early.
- Including one Progressive Republican member, Theron Akin
References
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- Martis, pp. 164–165.
- Howard R. Smith, and John Fraser Hart, "The American tariff map." Geographical Review 45.3 (1955): 327-346 online.
- Stanley D. Solvick, "William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 50.3 (1963): 424-442 online
- Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788–1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st through 105th Congresses. Jefferson, North Carolina, and London: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. p. 375. ISBN 0-7864-0283-0.
- "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
- "Our Campaigns - LA - District 02 Race - Nov 08, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- "MS - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 16, 2021.
- "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
- "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
- "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
- "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
- "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
- "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
- "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 8, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
- "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 7, 2021.
- "OK District 01 Race - Nov 08, 1910". Our Campaigns. April 25, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- "OK District 02 Race - Nov 08, 1910". Our Campaigns. April 25, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- "OK District 03 Race - Nov 08, 1910". Our Campaigns. April 25, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- "OK District 04 Race - Nov 08, 1910". Our Campaigns. April 28, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- "OK District 05 Race - Nov 08, 1910". Our Campaigns. April 28, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- "OR - District 01 Race - Nov 08, 1910". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
- "OR - District 02 Race - Nov 08, 1910". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
- "SD At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
- "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- "WV District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 24, 2021.
- "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
- "Our Campaigns - AK Territorial Delegate Race - Aug 09, 1910". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "AZ Territorial Delegate - Final Election". Ourcampaigns.com.
- "NM Territorial Delegate". Ourcampaigns.com.
Bibliography
- Baker, John D. “The Character of the Congressional Revolution of 1910.” Journal of American History 60#3 (1973), pp. 679–691. online on the revolt against Cannon
- Coletta, Paolo E. The Presidency of William Howard Taft (1973) pp 101–120.
- Dubin, Michael J. (1998). 1788 United States Congressional Elections-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Gould, Lewis L. The William Howard Taft Presidency (2009) pp 107–120.
- Hechler, Ken. Insurgency; personalities and politics of the Taft era (1964) online
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- Rubin, Ruth Bloch. "Organizing for Insurgency: Intraparty Organization and the Development of the House Insurgency, 1908–1910." Studies in American Political Development 27.2 (2013): 86-110 online.
- Solvick, Stanley D. "William Howard Taft and the Payne-Aldrich Tariff." Mississippi Valley Historical Review 50.3 (1963): 424-442 online.
External links
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- Secretary of State (1911). Maryland Manual 1911. Baltimore: John Murphy Co. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
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