United States v. Hartwell

United States v. Hartwell, 73 U.S. 385 (1867), was a decision of the United States Supreme Court which defined the characteristics of an Officer of the United States. An Officer, as opposed to a mere government employee, has a tenure, duration, emolument, and duties defined by law as opposed by contract.

United States v. Hartwell
Supreme Court of the United States
Decided December 1, 1867
Full case name	United States v. Hartwell
Citations	73 U.S. 385 (more)
Holding
An Officer of the United States, as opposed to a mere employee, has a tenure, duration, emolument, and duties defined by law rather than by contract.
Court membership
Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase Associate Justices Samuel Nelson · Robert C. Grier Nathan Clifford · Noah H. Swayne Samuel F. Miller · David Davis Stephen J. Field
Case opinions
Majority	Swayne, joined by Chase, Nelson, Clifford, Davis
Dissent	Miller, joined by Grier, Field
Laws applied
U.S. Const. art. II, § 2, cl. 2