Utsubo Monogatari

Utsubo Monogatari (うつほ物語, "The Tale of the Hollow Tree")[lower-alpha 1] is a late 10th century Japanese story. It is Japan's oldest full-length narrative.[1][2]

1809 edition

Composition

The author is unknown. Minamoto no Shitagō is cited as a likely candidate;[1] however, it may have had multiple authors spanning a number of years.[2] The text is referenced in a number of later works such as Kagerō Nikki (c. 977), Makura no Sōshi (1002), and Genji Monogatari (c. 1021), suggesting compilation between c. 970 and 999.[2]

The text is illustrated in an emakimono by Asukabe no Tsunenori, with calligraphy by Ono no Michikaze.[3]

Title

The title of the story, The Tale of the Hollow Tree, is taken from an incident early in the text. The protagonist Nakatada and his mother flee to the mountains and live in hollow cedar tree.[1][2] The ateji 宇津保 are also used.[2]

Contents

The story is twenty volumes in length and revolves around a mystical harp that passes through four generations. It belongs to the monogatari genre and is subclassified as a denki monogatari.[1]

It contains the following chapters:

Chapter Title
1 Toshikage (俊蔭)
2 Tadakoso (忠こそ)
3 Fujiwara no Kimi (藤原の君)
4 Saga no In (嵯峨院)
5 Ume no Hanagasa (梅の花笠)
6 Fukiage (jō) (吹上(上))
7 Fukiage (ge) (吹上(下))
8 Matsuri no Tsukai (祭の使)
9 Kiku no En (菊の宴)
10 Atemiya (あて宮)
11 Hatsuaki (初秋)
12 Tazu no Muradori (田鶴の群鳥)
13 Kurabiraki (jō) (蔵開(上))
14 Kurabiraki (chū) (蔵開(中))
15 Kurabiraki (ge) (蔵開(下))
16 Kuniyuzuri (jō) (国譲(上))
17 Kuniyuzuri (chū) (国譲(中))
18 Kuniyuzuri (ge) (国譲(下))
19 Rō no Ue (jō) (楼上(上))
20 Rō no Ue (ge) (楼上(下))

The story is generally divided into three major sections:[1][2]

  1. Chapters 1-12: Toshikage is sent to China but shipwrecks in Persia. He obtains the mystical harps and returns to Japan. He has a daughter and teaches her music. The daughter has a son, Nakatada, and raises him in hollow tree. Nakatada seeks marriage to Atemiya.
  2. Chapters 13-18: Various political rivalries revolving around the Nakatada household and the crown prince.
  3. Chapters 19-20: Nakatada passes on the family musical traditions to Inumiya

Translations

An English translation by Ziro Uraki was published in 1984 by Shinozaki Shorin under the title The Tale of the Cavern (Utsuho Monogatari) (ISBN 4784104372).[4]

Notes
  1. The historical spelling うつほ (utsuho) corresponds to the modern pronunciation utsuo (plain) or utsubo (with dakuon).

References
  1. Kubota (2007:34)
  2. Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten Henshū Iinkai (1986:170-173)
  3. "Utsubo Monogatari • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  4. "Utsubo Monogatari (Tale of the Hollow Tree) by Jirō Uraki". LibraryThing.com. Retrieved 2017-09-05.

Sources
  • Kōno, Tama (1959). Iwanami Koten Bungaku Taikei 10: Utsubo Monogatari (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-00-060010-9.
  • Kōno, Tama (1960). Iwanami Koten Bungaku Taikei 11: Utsubo Monogatari (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-00-060011-7.
  • Kōno, Tama (1962). Iwanami Koten Bungaku Taikei 12: Utsubo Monogatari (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 4-00-060012-5.
  • Kubota, Jun (2007). Iwanami Nihon Koten Bungaku Jiten [Iwanami dictionary of Japanese classical literature] (in Japanese). Iwanami Shoten. ISBN 978-4-00-080310-6.
  • Nihon Koten Bungaku Daijiten: Kan'yakuban [A Comprehensive Dictionary of Classical Japanese Literature: Concise Edition]. Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten. 1986. ISBN 4-00-080067-1.
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