Vacuum breaker

A vacuum breaker is an attachment commonly placed on a bibcock valve or toilet or urinal flush valve, that prevents water from being siphoned backward into the public drinking water system. This prevents contamination should the public drinking water system's pressure drop.[1][2] A vacuum breaker is also used in steam distribution systems to prevent collapse of steam coils and pipes by letting in air when the pipe pressure becomes sub-atmospheric.[3]

A vacuum breaker typically contains a plastic disc that is pressed forward by water supply pressure and covers small vent holes. Should the supply pressure drop, the disc springs back opening the vent holes (which let in outside air) and preventing backflow of water.

A more complex valve that accomplishes much the same purpose is the backflow preventer.

Vacuum relief valves are sometimes known as vacuum breakers.

Types of vacuum breakers

An atmospheric vacuum breaker consists of a check valve and an air vent. The devices allow air into the system to prevent a siphon at the point of use.

Hose connection vacuum breakers are installed on faucets and hose bibbs to prevent backflow into the water supply.

Pressure type vacuum breakers are similar to atmospheric vacuum breakers but have a spring-loaded check valve to allow operation of under pressure for long periods of time.

Spill-resistant vacuum breakers utilize a check valve and air vent inlet that allows air to enter before the internal check valve opens, thereby preventing water spillage associated with pressure type vacuum breakers.[1]

Applications

Vacuum breakers can be used in sewage applications as an alternative to a water seal. It utilizes a one-way membrane that acts similar to a check valve. The membrane is sensitive enough to open under the weight of four ounces of water but remains closed when no water is present above to minimize evaporation and eliminate sewer gas odors.[4]

See also

References
  1. Marcello, Tony (2015-12-08). "Vacuum Breakers: Understanding how they protect our water". www.pmmag.com. Archived from the original on 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2022-07-26.
  2. "What is a Vacuum Breaker? Do I Need One?". Aquor Water Systems. Retrieved 2022-11-09.
  3. "Heating With Steam Efficiently | Engineered Systems Magazine". www.esmagazine.com. March 1, 2005. Archived from the original on 2022-07-26. Retrieved 2022-07-26.
  4. Ensley, Rick (March 1, 2015). "Preventive measure proves profitable: Using waterless floor drain traps to eliminate sewer odours and evaporation". HPAC Magazine. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  • Vacuum Breakers Tutorial Vacuum breakers protect plant and process equipment against vacuum conditions, typically associated with cooling.
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