Verbascum

Verbascum is a genus of over 450 species of flowering plants, common name mullein (/ˈmʌlɪn/[3]), in the figwort family Scrophulariaceae. They are native to Europe and Asia, with the highest species diversity in the Mediterranean.[4][5]

Verbascum
Wavyleaf mullein, Verbascum sinuatum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Tribe: Scrophularieae
Genus: Verbascum
L.
Type species
Verbascum thapsus[1]
L.
Synonyms[2]
  • Celsia (L.)
  • Rhabdotosperma (Hartl)
  • Staurophragma (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.)

Mullein or "mullein leaf" often refers to the leaves of Verbascum thapsus, the great or common mullein, which is frequently used in herbal medicine.

Description

Verbascum are biennial or perennial plants, rarely annuals or subshrubs, growing to 0.5 to 3.0 m (1.6 to 9.8 ft) tall. The plants first form a dense rosette of leaves at ground level, subsequently sending up a tall flowering stem. Biennial plants form the rosette the first year and the stem the following season. The leaves are spirally arranged, often densely hairy, though glabrous (hairless) in some species. The flowers have five symmetrical petals; petal colours in different species include yellow (most common), orange, red-brown, purple, blue, or white. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous minute seeds.

Cultivation
Dark mullein (V. nigrum)

In gardening and landscaping, the mulleins are valued for their tall narrow stature and for flowering over a long period of time, even in dry soils.

These cultivars have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:

  • 'Gainsborough' (Cotswold Group)[6]
  • 'Letitia'[7]
  • 'Pink Domino' (Cotswold Group)[8]
  • 'Tropic Sun'[9]

Select species
Main article: List of Verbascum species
  • Verbascum acaule ((Bory & Chaub.) Kuntze)
  • Verbascum adeliae (Heldr.)
  • Verbascum adenanthum (Bornm.)
  • Verbascum adrianopolitanum (Podp.)
  • Verbascum agrimoniifolium (Huber-Morath)
  • Verbascum anisophyllum (Murb.)
  • Verbascum arcturus (L.)
  • Verbascum argenteum (Ten.)
  • Verbascum austriacum (Schott)
  • Verbascum baldaccii (Degen)
  • Verbascum banaticum (Schrad.)
  • Verbascum barnadesii (Vahl)
  • Verbascum bithynicum (Boiss.)
  • Verbascum blattaria (L.)
  • Verbascum boerhavei (L.)
  • Verbascum boissieri ((Heldr. & Sart. ex Boiss.) Kuntze)
  • Verbascum botuliforme (Murb.)
  • Verbascum brevipedicellatum ((Engl.) Hub.-Mor.)
  • Verbascum bugulifolium (Lam.)
  • Verbascum calycosum (Hausskn. ex Murb.)
  • Verbascum × candelabrum (Kar. & Kir.)
  • Verbascum chaixii (Vill.)
  • Verbascum chinense ((L.) Santapau)
  • Verbascum creticum ((L.f.) Cav.)
  • Verbascum cylindrocarpum (Griseb.)
  • Verbascum cylleneum ((Boiss. & Heldr.) Kuntze)
  • Verbascum daenzeri ((Fauché & Chaub.) Fenzl)
  • Verbascum davidoffii (Murb.)
  • Verbascum decorum (Velen.)
  • Verbascum delphicum (Boiss. & Heldr.)
  • Verbascum densiflorum (Bertol.)
  • Verbascum dentifolium (Delile)
  • Verbascum dieckianum (Borbás & Degen)
  • Verbascum dingleri (Mattf. & Stef.)
  • Verbascum drymophiloides (Gritzenko)
  • Verbascum durmitoreum (Rohlena)
  • Verbascum × edirnense (Dane & G.Yılmaz)
  • Verbascum epixanthinum (Boiss. & Heldr.)
  • Verbascum eriophorum (Godr.)
  • Verbascum eskisehirensis (Karavel., Ocak & Ekici)
  • Verbascum euboicum (Murb. & Rech.f.)
  • Verbascum flavidum ((Boiss.) Freyn & Bornm.)
  • Verbascum × gabrielianae (Hub.-Mor.)
  • Verbascum georgicum (Benth.)
  • Verbascum glabratum (Friv.)
  • Verbascum glandulosum (Delile)
  • Verbascum gnaphalodes (M.Bieb.)
  • Verbascum graecum (Heldr. & Sart.)
  • Verbascum guicciardii (Heldr.)
  • Verbascum halacsyanum (Sint. & Bornm. ex Halácsy)
  • Verbascum haraldi-adnani (Parolly & Eren)
  • Verbascum hervieri (Degen)
  • Verbascum herzogii (Bornm.)
  • Verbascum humile (Janka)
  • Verbascum jankaeanum (Pančić)
  • Verbascum laciniatum ((Poir.) Kuntze)
  • Verbascum lagurus (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.)
  • Verbascum lanatum (Schrad.)
  • Verbascum lasianthum (Boiss. ex Benth.)
  • Verbascum laxum (Filar. & Jav.)
  • Verbascum leucophyllum (Griseb.)
  • Verbascum lesnovoensis (Micevski)
  • Verbascum levanticum (I.K.Ferguson)
  • Verbascum litigiosum (Samp.)
  • Verbascum longifolium (Ten.)
  • Verbascum lychnitis (L.)
  • Verbascum macedonicum (Kosonin & Murb.)
  • Verbascum macrocarpum (Boiss.)
  • Verbascum macrurum (Ten.)
  • Verbascum mallophorum (Boiss. & Heldr.)
  • Verbascum megricum (Huber-Morath)
  • Verbascum mucronatum (Lam.)
  • Verbascum nevadense (Boiss.)
  • Verbascum nicolai (Rohlena)
  • Verbascum nigrum (L.)
  • Verbascum niveum (Ten.)
  • Verbascum nobile (Velen.)
  • Verbascum nudicaule (Takht.)
  • Verbascum olympicum (Boiss.)
  • Verbascum oreophilum (C. Koch)
  • Verbascum orientale ((L.) All.)
  • Verbascum orphanideum (Murb.)
  • Verbascum ovalifolium (Donn ex Sims)
  • Verbascum ozturkii (Karavel., Uzunh. & S.Çelik)
  • Verbascum × patris (Bordz.)
  • Verbascum pelium (Halácsy)
  • Verbascum pentelicum (Murb.)
  • Verbascum phlomoides (L.)
  • Verbascum phoeniceum (L.)
  • Verbascum pinnatifidum (Vahl)
  • Verbascum pseudonobile (Stoj. & Stef.)
  • Verbascum pterocaulon (Nyman)
  • Verbascum pulverulentum (Vill.)
  • Verbascum purpureum ((Janka) Hub.-Mor.)
  • Verbascum pyramidatum (M.Bieb.)
  • Verbascum reiseri (Halácsy)
  • Verbascum roripifolium ((Halácsy) I.K.Ferguson)
  • Verbascum rotundifolium (Ten.)
  • Verbascum × rubiginosum (Waldst. & Kit.)
  • Verbascum rupestre ((Davidov) I.K.Ferguson)
  • Verbascum salgirensis (Soldano)
  • Verbascum samniticum (Ten.)
  • Verbascum schachdagense (Gritzenko)
  • Verbascum siculum (Tod. ex Lojac.)
  • Verbascum sinaiticum (Benth.)
  • Verbascum sinuatum (L.)
  • Verbascum songaricum (Schrenk)
  • Verbascum speciosum (Schrad.)
  • Verbascum spinosum (L.)
  • Verbascum suworowianum (Kuntze)
  • Verbascum szovitsianum (Boiss.)
  • Verbascum thapsus (L.)
  • Verbascum undulatum (Lam.)
  • Verbascum vandasii ((Rohlena) Rohlena)
  • Verbascum varians (Freyn & Sint.)
  • Verbascum virgatum (Stokes)
  • Verbascum xanthophoeniceum (Griseb.)
  • Verbascum zuccarinii ((Boiss.) I.K.Ferguson)

See also
  • Mullein moth, a species in the order Lepidoptera which feeds on Verbascum and other plants.

References
  1. Nathaniel Lord Britton; Addison Brown (1947). An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions from Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). New York Botanical Garden. p. 173.
  2. "USDA GRIN Taxonomy". Retrieved February 11, 2014.
  3. "mullein". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  4. Sotoodeh, Arash (2018). "Focusing on three Verbascum L. taxa (Scrophulariaceae) of the Flora of Iran". Adansonia. 40 (13): 171. doi:10.5252/adansonia2018v40a13. S2CID 198148731.
  5. Sotoodeh, Arash (2015). Histoire biogéographique et évolutive des genres Verbascum et Artemisia en Iran à l'aide de la phylogénie moléculaire (These de doctorat). France: Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier.
  6. "Verbascum 'Gainsborough' (Cotswold Group)". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  7. "Verbascum 'Letitia'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  8. "Verbascum 'Pink Domino' (Cotswold Group)". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
  9. "Verbascum 'Tropic Sun'". RHS. Retrieved 5 March 2021.

Further reading
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