Viceroy of Liangguang

The Viceroy of Liangguang or Viceroy of the Two Guangs, was one of eight regional Viceroys during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The two Guang referred to Guangdong and Guangxi. The areas under the Viceroy's jurisdiction included present-day Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, and Macau.

Map of viceroys in Qing Dynasty of China
Viceroy of Liangguang
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese兩廣總督
Simplified Chinese两广总督
Governor-General, Commander and Quartermaster, Supervisor of Waterways, and Inspector-General of the Two Expanses and Surrounding Areas
(full title)
Traditional Chinese總督兩廣等處地方,提督軍務、糧餉、管理河道兼巡撫事
Simplified Chinese总督两广等处地方,提督军务、粮饷、管理河道兼巡抚事
Manchu name
Manchu scriptᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᡩᡠᠩ
ᡤᡠᠸᠠᠩᠰᡳ
ᡠᡥᡝᡵᡳ
ᡴᠠᡩᠠᠯᠠᡵᠠ
ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠨ
Romanizationguwangdung guwangsi uheri kadalara amban

Name

Its full name in Chinese is Governor-General, Commander and Quartermaster, Supervisor of Waterways, and Inspector-General of the Two Expanses and Surrounding Areas.

History

Ming dynasty

The office of the Viceroy of Liangguang originated in 1452 during the Ming dynasty. The Jingtai Emperor accepted Yu Qian's proposal to create the office and appointed Wang Ao (王翱) as the first viceroy.

In 1465, the Chenghua Emperor appointed Han Yong (韓雍) as Left Censor-in-Chief and Viceroy of Liangguang. The office was formalised in 1469, with the administrative headquarters fixed in Wuzhou, Guangxi.

In 1536, during the reign of the Jiajing Emperor, the viceroy Qian Rujing (錢如京) created a separate administrative branch in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. In 1564, the headquarters shifted from Wuzhou to Zhaoqing after Wu Guifang (吳桂芳) sought approval from the Jiajing Emperor.

Qing dynasty

The office was recreated in 1644 during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor in the Qing dynasty. It was called "Viceroy of Guangdong" (廣東總督) even though its jurisdiction included Guangxi. The headquarters were in Guangzhou, Guangdong. In 1655, the headquarters shifted back to Wuzhou.

In 1663, during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, the office was split into two: Viceroy of Guangdong and Viceroy of Guangxi. The headquarters of the Viceroy of Guangdong moved to Lianzhou (廉州; present-day Hepu County, Guangxi). A year later, the Viceroy of Guangxi was merged with the Viceroy of Guangdong, and the headquarters shifted back to Zhaoqing.

In 1723, during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor, the office was divided into Guangdong and Guangxi again, but were merged again within the following year. In 1729, in response to a rebellion by the Miao people, the Yongzheng Emperor placed Guangxi under the jurisdiction of the Viceroy of Yun-Gui to facilitate the coordination of military operations. In 1734, Guangdong and Guangxi were merged under a single office, Viceroy of Liangjiang, and had remained like this until 1905.

In 1746, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor, the headquarters of the Viceroy of Liangguang shifted to Guangzhou and remained there permanently.

In 1905, during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, the Viceroy of Liangguang concurrently held the position of Provincial Governor of Guangdong.

List of Viceroys of Liangguang

Ming dynasty

#NamePortraitStart of termEnd of termNotes
1Wang Ao
王翱
14521453Promoted to Secretary of Personnel
2Han Yong
韓雍
1465Concurrently Left Censor-in-Chief
3Qin Hong
秦紘
14891495Concurrently Right Censor-in-Chief; later dismissed from office
4Deng Tingzan
鄧廷瓚
14951497Concurrently a Provincial Governor; later promoted to Left Censor-in-Chief
5Pan Fan
潘蕃
15011506Concurrently Right Censor-in-Chief; later promoted to Left Censor-in-Chief
6Xiong Xiu
熊繡
15061514Concurrently Right Deputy Censor-in-Chief; later promoted to Censor-in-Chief in Nanjing
7Zhou Nan
周南
15141515Retired
8Chen Jin
陳金
15151519Later promoted to Censor-in-Chief
9Zhang Ding
張嵿
15221525Concurrently Right Censor-in-Chief; later promoted to Censor-in-Chief in Nanjing and Secretary of Works
10Yao Mo
姚鏌
15251527Concurrently Right Censor-in-Chief
11Wang Shouren
王守仁
15271529Concurrently Secretary of Defence in Nanjing and Left Censor-in-Chief
12Zhang Jing
張經
15371544Promoted to Left Vice Secretary of Defence
13Tao Xie
陶諧
Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence
14Bao Xiangxian
鮑象賢
Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence
15Zhang Yue
張岳
15441545Concurrently Right Deputy Censor-in-Chief
16Wu Guifang
吳桂芳
15631566Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence
17Tan Lun
譚綸
15671568
18Zhang Han
張瀚
15681569Concurrently Left Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
19Liu Tao
劉燾
15691570Concurrently Left Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
20Li Qian
李遷
15701571Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Censor-in-Chief
21Yin Zhengmao
殷正茂
15711575Concurrently Secretary of Defence in Nanjing
22Ling Yunyi
凌雲翼
15751578Concurrently Left Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
23Liu Yaohui
劉堯誨
Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
24Chen Rui
陳瑞
15821583Concurrently Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
25Guo Yingping
郭應聘
15831584Concurrently Secretary of Defence
26Wu Wenhua
吳文華
15841587Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
27Wu Shan
吳善
15871588Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence
28Liu Jiwen
劉繼文
15881591Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence
29Xiao Yan
蕭彥
15911592Concurrently Right Deputy Censor-in-Chief
30Chen Ju
陳榘
15931594Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Revenue
31Chen Dake
陳大科
15951598Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence
32Dai Yao
戴耀
15981609Concurrently Secretary of Defence and Right Deputy Censor-in-Chief
33Zhang Minggang
張鳴岡
16101614Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
34Zhou Jiamo
周嘉謨
16151617Concurrently Provincial Governor of Yunnan
35Xu Honggang
許宏鋼
16181620Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
36Chen Bangzhan
陳邦瞻
16201621Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence
37Hu Yingtai
胡應台
16211624Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
38He Shijin
何士晉
16241625Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
39Shang Zhouzuo
商周祚
16251626Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
40Li Fengjie
李逢節
16271628Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
41Wang Zunde
王尊德
16281631Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence; died in office
42Wang Yehao
王業浩
16311632Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
43Xiong Wencan
熊文燦
16321637Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence and Right Censor-in-Chief
44Zhang Jingxin
張鏡心
16371641Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence
45Shen Youlong
沈猶龍
16411644Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence

Southern Ming dynasty

#NamePortraitStart of termEnd of termNotes
46Ding Kuichu
丁魁楚
16441644Concurrently Right Vice Secretary of Defence
47Wang Huacheng
王化澄
16461646Concurrently Provincial Governor of Guangdong
48Lin Jiading
林佳鼎
February 16461647
49Zhu Zhijian
朱治澗
16471647Concurrently Vice Secretary of Defence
50Li Chengdong
李成棟
1648April 1649
51Li Qipeng
李棲鵬
April 1649April 1649
52Yan Keyi
閻可義
August 1649August 1649Died of illness in office
53Li Jianjie
李建捷
September 1649September 1649
54Luo Chengyao
羅承耀
September 1649September 1649
55Du Yunhe
杜允和
October 16491650Retreated from Guangzhou after the city fell to Qing forces led by Shang Kexi and Geng Jimao
56Lian Chengbi
連城璧
16501659

Qing dynasty

#NamePortraitStart of termEnd of termNotes
Viceroy of Guangdong
(including Guangxi)
(1644–1661)
164415 June 1647Vacant
1Tong Yangjia
佟養甲
15 June 16471651
165112 July 1653Vacant
2Li Shuaitai
李率泰
12 July 165316 March 1656
3Wang Guoguang
王國光
16 March 165610 July 1658
4Li Qifeng
李棲鳳
10 July 16582 November 1661
Viceroy of Guangdong
(1661–1665)
5Li Qifeng
李棲鳳
2 November 16612 April 1665
6Lu Xingzu
盧興祖
2 April 16654 July 1665
Viceroy of Guangxi
(1661–1665)
Yu Shiyue
于時躍
16611663
Qu Jinmei
屈盡美
16631665
Viceroy of Liangguang
(1665–1723)
7Lu Xingzu
盧興祖
4 July 166530 December 1667
8Zhou Youde
周有德
30 January 16686 February 1670
9Jin Guangzu
金光祖
6 March 16681 February 1682
10Wu Xingzuo
吳興祚
1 February 16828 August 1689
11Shi Lin
石琳
19 August 168217 December 1702
12Guo Shilong
郭世隆
17 December 170223 January 1707
13Zhao Hongcan
趙弘燦
30 January 170719 November 1716
14Yang Lin
楊琳
25 November 17169 September 1723
Viceroy of Guangdong
(1723–1724)
15Yang Lin
楊琳
9 September 172326 April 1724
Viceroy of Guangxi
(1723–1724)
Kong Yuxun
孔毓珣
17231724
Viceroy of Liangguang
(1724–1728)
16Kong Yuxun
孔毓珣
26 April 172411 November 1728
Viceroy of Guangdong
(Guangxi was under the Viceroy of Yun-Gui)
(1728–1734)
17Kong Yuxun
孔毓珣
11 November 172829 March 1729
18Hao Yulin
郝玉麟
29 March 172921 March 1732
Zhang Pu
張溥
14 October 173125 February 1732Acting Viceroy
Omida
鄂彌達
21 March 173217 October 1732Acting Viceroy
19Omida
鄂彌達
21 March 17325 January 1735
Viceroy of Liangguang
(1734–1905)
20Omida
鄂彌達
5 January 173530 August 1738
21Martai
馬爾泰
30 August 173810 August 1744
Qingfu
慶復
28 May 174128 January 1743Acting Viceroy
Ts'ereng
策楞
28 January 174317 July 1743Acting Viceroy
22Nasutu
那蘇圖
10 August 174414 May 1745
23Ts'ereng
策楞
14 May 174528 October 1748
24Yengišan
尹繼善
28 October 174824 November 1748
25Šose
碩色
24 November 17489 February 1750
26Chen Dashou
陳大受
9 February 175014 November 1751
27Arigun
阿里袞
14 November 175124 February 1753
Bandi
班第
16 October 17533 May 1754Acting Viceroy
28Ts'ereng
策楞
16 October 17533 May 1754
29Yang Yingju
楊應琚
3 May 175431 August 1757
30Henian
鶴年
31 August 175714 January 1758
Li Shiyao
李侍堯
Acting Viceroy
31Chen Hongmou
陳弘謀
14 January 175827 May 1758
32Li Shiyao
李侍堯
27 May 175827 May 1761
33Suchang
蘇昌
27 May 176122 July 1764
34Li Shiyao
李侍堯
22 July 176425 February 1777
Yang Tingzhang
楊廷璋
22 July 176524 April 1767Acting Viceroy
35Yang Jingsu
楊景素
25 February 177719 March 1778
36Guilin
桂林
19 March 177811 January 1780
37Bayansan
巴延三
11 January 178020 February 1784
38Shuchang
舒常
20 February 178426 February 1785
Sun Shiyi
孫士毅
26 February 17851 September 1785Acting Viceroy
39Fulehun
富勒渾
1 September 178523 May 1786
40Sun Shiyi
孫士毅
23 May 178619 February 1789
41Fuk'anggan
福康安
19 February 178914 September 1793
42Changlin
長麟
14 September 17935 July 1796
43Zhu Gui
朱珪
5 July 179629 September 1796
44Jiqing
吉慶
29 September 179617 December 1802
45Changlin
長麟
17 December 180226 January 1803
Hutuli
瑚圖禮
Acting Viceroy
46Wesibu
倭什布
26 January 180330 January 1805
47Nayancheng
那彥成
30 January 180512 December 1805
48Wu Xiongguang
吳熊光
12 December 18056 January 1809
49Yongbao
永保
6 January 180920 February 1809
50Bailing
百齡
20 February 180916 February 1811
51Songyun
松筠
16 February 18115 November 1811
52Jiang Youxian
蔣攸銛
5 November 181122 October 1817
53Ruan Yuan
阮元
22 October 181722 June 1826
54Li Hongbin
李鴻賓
22 June 182614 September 1832
55Lu Kun
盧坤
14 September 183215 October 1835
56Deng Tingzhen
鄧廷楨
15 October 183521 January 1840
57Lin Zexu
林則徐
21 January 18403 October 1840
Yiliang
怡良
28 September 18404 December 1840Acting Viceroy
58Qishan
琦善
4 December 184026 February 1841
59Qi Gong
祁𡎴
26 February 184119 March 1844
60Qiying
耆英
19 March 18444 July 1848
Xu Guangjin
徐廣縉
3 February 18484 July 1848Acting Viceroy
61Xu Guangjin
徐廣縉
4 July 18487 September 1852
62Ye Mingchen
葉名琛
7 September 185226 January 1858[1]
63Huang Zonghan
黃宗漢
26 January 18584 May 1859
64Wang Qingyun
王慶雲
4 May 18597 October 1859
Bogui
柏貴
4 May 185921 May 1859Acting Viceroy
Lao Chongguang
勞崇光
21 May 18597 October 1859Acting Viceroy
65Lao Chongguang
勞崇光
7 October 185917 October 1862
66Liu Changyou
劉長佑
17 October 186214 February 1863
Yan Duanshu
晏端書
14 February 18636 July 1863Acting Viceroy
67Mao Hongbin
毛鴻賓
6 July 18637 March 1865
Wu Tang
吳棠
7 March 186513 March 1865Acting Viceroy
68Ruilin
瑞麟
13 March 186517 October 1874
Ruilin
瑞麟
13 March 186525 September 1866Acting Viceroy
69Yinghan
英翰
17 October 18742 September 1875
Zhang Zhaodong
張兆棟
17 October 187431 March 1875Acting Viceroy
70Liu Kunyi
劉坤一
2 September 187527 December 1879
Yukuan
裕寬
18 December 187827 December 1879Acting Viceroy
71Zhang Shusheng
張樹聲
27 December 187919 April 1882
Yukuan
裕寬
27 December 187920 May 1880Acting Viceroy
Yukuan
裕寬
19 April 18826 May 1882Acting Viceroy
72Zeng Guoquan
曾國荃
6 May 188213 July 1883
73Zhang Shusheng
張樹聲
13 July 188322 May 1884
74Zhang Zhidong
張之洞
22 May 18848 August 1889
75Li Hanzhang
李瀚章
8 August 188913 April 1895
76Tan Zhonglin
譚鍾麟
16 April 189519 December 1899The office was renamed to "Viceroy of Liangguang and Provincial Governor of Guangdong" between 30 August and 1 November 1898.
Deshou
德壽
19 December 189924 May 1900Acting Viceroy
77Li Hongzhang
李鴻章
24 May 19009 July 1900
Deshou
德壽
9 July 190016 September 1900Acting Viceroy
78Lu Chuanlin
鹿傳霖
16 September 190026 September 1900
79Tao Mo
陶模
26 September 19002 July 1902
Deshou
德壽
3 July 190218 April 1903
80Cen Chunxuan
岑春煊
18 April 190323 July 1905
Viceroy of Liangguang and Provincial Governor of Guangdong
(1905–1911)
81Cen Chunxuan
岑春煊
23 July 190511 September 1906
82Zhou Fu
周馥
11 September 190628 May 1907
83Cen Chunxuan
岑春煊
28 May 190712 August 1907
84Zhang Renjun
張人駿
12 August 190728 June 1909
Yuan Shuxun
袁樹勛
28 June 190929 October 1910Acting Viceroy
Zengqi
增祺
29 October 191014 April 1911Acting Viceroy
85Zhang Mingqi
張鳴岐
4 April 19118 November 1911
86Li Zhun
李準
26 November 1911Never assumed office
Lu Rongting
陸榮廷
July 1917July 1917During the Manchu Restoration attempt

References

Citations

  1. Wong, J.Y. (1976). Yeh Ming-ch'en: Viceroy of Liang Kuang 1852-8. CUP Archive. ISBN 978-0-521-21023-2.

Sources

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