Vigil of the Princes

King Edward VIII, the Duke of York, the Duke of Gloucester, and the Duke of Kent, took guard at the lying-in-state of their father George V on 27 January 1936. (A fifth son, Prince John, had predeceased his father in 1919.) The vigil took place after Westminster Hall was closed to the public for the evening.

No photographic record of this event is known and public viewing of the vigil was prohibited, though an oil painting made of it later by Frank Beresford was the official painting of the King's lying-in-state; it was exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy exhibition of 1936 at Burlington House. The painting, named The Princes' Vigil: 12.15 am, January 28, 1936,[1] was subsequently purchased by George V's widow Queen Mary to give to their son Edward VIII on his birthday.[2] In the painting, the King is depicted wearing the uniform of the Welsh Guards, of whom he was the Colonel-in-Chief, the Duke of Gloucester wears the full dress uniform of the 10th Royal Hussars (the regiment in which he served), while the Duke of Kent is in Ceremonial Day Dress uniform of the Royal Navy. The Duke of York is not seen fully in the painting, although at the end of the catafalque opposite the King is a figure in full Foot Guards uniform; at this point in time, the Duke of York served as Colonel of the Regiment of the Scots Guards.

At 16:40 UTC on 8 April 2002, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of York, the Earl of Wessex, and Viscount Linley, took guard at the lying-in-state of their grandmother, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.[3] The four relieved the guard of the Royal Company of Archers, and were themselves relieved by the Yeomen of the Guard after their 20-minute vigil. Both the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York wore naval uniform, while the Earl of Wessex and Viscount Linley wore black morning dress; the Earl of Wessex joined the Royal Marines, but chose to leave before completing basic training, while Lord Linley has never served in the forces. Present during the Changing of the Guard were the Prince of Wales' two sons, Prince William and Prince Harry.[4]

The Duke of York, standing guard during the Vigil of the Princes, 16-17 September 2022

Queen Elizabeth II had four children: King Charles III; Anne, Princess Royal; Prince Andrew, Duke of York; and Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex and Forfar, as well as four grandsons and four granddaughters. The official plan for the Queen's funeral, Operation London Bridge, called for the Queen's children to stand vigil over their mother's coffin, as well as for the grandsons and granddaughters to do the same in another ceremony and separate time.[5][6] During the return of the Queen's coffin to London from Scotland, a 24-hour "lying-at-rest" was undertaken at St Giles' Cathedral in Edinburgh, during which a permanent guard was provided by the Royal Company of Archers, The King's Bodyguard for Scotland. At 19:40 BST on 12 September 2022, the detachment of four members of the Royal Company were joined by the King, the Princess Royal, the Duke of York and the Earl of Wessex and Forfar, who stood vigil over the coffin for ten minutes.[7][8][lower-alpha 1] The King wore a kilt made from the Royal Stuart tartan, the Princess Royal wore the full dress uniform of the Royal Navy, the Earl of Wessex and Forfar wore the No.1 dress uniform of the Royal Wessex Yeomanry, of which he is the Royal Honorary Colonel, and the Duke of York wore black morning dress with medals.[9] Anne, Princess Royal, made history as the first woman to participate in the ceremony.[10][11]

As part of the late Queen's lying-in-state in London, at 19:47 BST on 16 September 2022, her four children stood vigil for the second time.[lower-alpha 2][14] All were in military uniform, with the King and the Duke of York both wearing ceremonial day dress of the Royal Navy, the Princess Royal wearing the full dress uniform, including the staff of a Gold Stick, of the Blues and Royals, of which she is the Colonel of the Regiment, and the Earl of Wessex and Forfar in the No.1 dress uniform of the Royal Wessex Yeomanry, the Army Reserve regiment of which he is Royal Honorary Colonel.

The following day at 18:00 BST, her eight grandchildren, William, Prince of Wales; Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex; Peter Phillips; Zara Tindall; Princess Beatrice; Princess Eugenie; Lady Louise Windsor; and Viscount Severn, stood vigil over their grandmother's coffin.[15][lower-alpha 3] At the King's request both the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Sussex were in uniform, with both wearing the No.1 dress of the Blues and Royals while Peter Phillips and Viscount Severn each wore black morning dress with medals and the women wore dark formal dresses.[16][17]

Unlike the vigil that occurred in 2002, the royal family did not relieve any of the guards standing at attention at the Queen's coffin. At each vigil, the royal family took sides of the coffin, while the guards on duty remained in place at the corners and members of the royal family standing one step above the guards. Each vigil lasted 15 minutes or less, while the Changing of the Guard occurred every twenty minutes. [18]

• Vigil guard

For Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother

• 2002: Grandsons' Vigil for the Queen Mother – ITN Archive (YouTube video)

For Queen Elizabeth II

• The Queen's children hold a Vigil in Edinburgh – The Royal Family (YouTube video); Royals stand vigil over Queen's coffin – Sky News (YouTube video)
• The Queen's children hold a Vigil at Westminster Hall – The Royal Family (YouTube video); In Full: Queen's children hold final vigil for their mother – Sky News (YouTube video)
• The Queen's grandchildren hold a Vigil at Westminster Hall – The Royal Family (YouTube video); In full: Queen's grandchildren hold vigil around the monarch's coffin – Sky News (YouTube video)