Volborthella

Volborthella is an animal of uncertain classification, whose fossils pre-date 530 million years ago. It has been considered for a period a cephalopod.[6] However discoveries of more detailed fossils showed that Volborthella’s small, conical shell was not secreted but built from grains of the mineral silicon dioxide (silica), and that it was not divided into a series of compartments by septa as those of fossil shelled cephalopods and the living Nautilus are.[5] This illusion was a result of the laminated texture of the organisms' tests.[7] Therefore, Volborthella’s classification is now uncertain.[1] It has been speculated that it may in fact represent a sclerite of a larger organism, on the basis of one specimen;[7] however, it may be premature to accept this hypothesis, as the arrangement of sclerites producing this impression may have occurred by chance.[1] The Ordovician scleritome-bearing Curviconophorus,[8] as well as the Halwaxiids, lobopods and echinoderms, demonstrate the diversity of organisms which may produce a scleritome of this nature.[7] The related Campitius was originally suggested to be part of a radula rather than a scleritome,[9] but is now considered a synonym of Volborthella.[3]

Volborthella Temporal range:
Glauconitic sandstone with Volborthella fossils, from Stadtmuseum Berlin.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	†Agmata (?)
Family:	†Salterellidae
Genus:	†Volborthella Schmidt, 1888[2]
Species:	†V. tenuis
Binomial name
†Volborthella tenuis Schmidt, 1888[2]
Synonyms[3][4][5]
Genus Campitius Firby & Durham, 1974 Species Campitius titanius Firby & Dunham, 1974 Volborthella conica Schindewolf, 1934

Volborthella is widespread, and a useful biostratigraphic indicator;[7] it has been found in North America, Greenland, Spitsbergen, and northeastern Europe, and is restricted to Lower Cambrian rocks, appearing before the trilobites and co-existing with them for some time.[1]

Volborthella has been described as a 'failed attempt in mineralisation'; it constructed its wall by agglutinating grains of sediment, much like some foramanifera, and declined in conjunction with the origin of truly-biomineralising organisms. However, its similarity to Salterella, which contained embedded sediment grains in its mineralised wall, suggests a possible biological relationship - Salterella may have begun to mineralise its agglutinated wall. Some Volborthella specimens do show taphonomic hints that some form of lightly mineralised sheath may have enclosed its agglutinated shell.[1]