WDR53

WD repeat containing protein 53 (WDR53) is a protein encoded by the WDR53 gene that has been identified in the human genome by the Human Genome Project but has, at the moment, lacked experimental procedures to understand the function. It is located on chromosome 3 at location 3q29 in Homo sapiens. It has short up and down stream untranslated regions as well as WD40 repeat regions which have been linked to various functions (signal transduction, transcription regulation, apoptosis etc.).

WDR53 structure. Zhang Lab, University of Michigan

Expression

In H. sapiens, it has been shown to be highly expressed in the tissue of the testes with low, almost untraceable, expression in other tissues.[1]

Gene

WDR53 transcribes an mRNA with 1701 base pairs.[2] This gene is on the negative strand of chromosome 3 and has four exons.[3] The mRNA has a promoter labeled GXP_232341 from Genomatix and is 1253 bp long.[4]

mRNA

WDR53 can be alternately spliced into 6 different mRNA products.

Protein

The translated protein from WDR53 contains seven identifiable WD40 regions encoded by 358 amino acids.[5] The protein product is 38.99 kDa.[6]

Subcellular Localization
Cone shape formed by WDR53

WDR53 has been predicted to be localized in the nucleus of cells.[7] The protein even possesses one nuclear localization signal.

Structure

The secondary structure of WDR53 has been predicted to be predominantly alternations between loops and strands with little to no helices.[8] These WD40 regions fold into a tertiary propeller like structure that has been conserved in multiple different genes across the human genome as well as other Eukaryotas.[9] These seven repeats form into a cone like shape in which the center depression most likely acts as a binding point for other proteins.

Interacting Proteins

There are two likely proteins that interact with WDR53: WDR5 and MCPH1. Each of these proteins possess regions that have a high likelihood of forming and association with WDR53. Both proteins are expressed in the testes as well which strengthens the likelihood of there being a true association.[10][11]

Protein map showing post-translational modifications.

Post-translational Modifications

WDR53 undergoes protein modifications such as phosphorylation, sumoylation, and glycosylation.

Homology

Because WD40 repeats are conserved across many eukaryotes, WDR53 is also conserved among many eukaryotes even into certain members of the plantae kingdom such as the Apple.

Mutation rate of WDR53 in comparison to Fibrinogen and Cytochrome-C across organisms
Orthologs
Organism Accession Number Percent Identity Divergence from Homo sapiens (MYA)
Minke Whale XP_007171665 89 94
Tasmanian Devil XP_003763726 75 160
Chinese Alligator XP_006037148 69 320
King Cobra ETE62634 62 320
American Bullfrog PIO13894 54 353
Zebrafish XP_001339961.1 48 432
Crown-of-Thorns Starfish XP_022093401 35 627
Eastern Oyster XP_022289021 30 794
Apple AFV94635 26 1624

References
  1. "WDR53 WD repeat domain 53 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. NCBI. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
  2. "WD repeat-containing protein 53 isoform a [Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
  3. "WD repeat-containing protein 53 isoform a [Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI".
  4. El Dorado by Genomatix
  5. "WD repeat-containing protein 53 isoform a [Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
  6. "WDR53 - WD repeat-containing protein 53 - Homo sapiens (Human) - WDR53 gene & protein". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  7. "aGE251ffc52e51822bf2e9b6375a5787012 WoLFPSORT output". wolfpsort.hgc.jp. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
  8. "Protein Predictions". predictprotein.org. 2018-05-06. Retrieved 2018-05-11.
  9. Smith, Temple F; Gaitatzes, Chrysanthe; Saxena, Kumkum; Neer, Eva J (1999-05-01). "The WD repeat: a common architecture for diverse functions". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 24 (5): 181–185. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(99)01384-5. ISSN 0968-0004. PMID 10322433.
  10. "WDR5 WD repeat domain 5 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI".
  11. "MCPH1 microcephalin 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI".
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