Wade–Giles table

This Wade–Giles table is a complete listing of all Wade–Giles syllables used in Standard Chinese.[1] Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations occur with each of the five different tones, most do not. Some only occur with one tone.

Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü. i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. The following exceptions exist:

GroupSpecial combination
ii+ê/o=iehi+ou=iui+an=ieni+ên=ini+êng=ing
uu+ê/o=o/uou+ei=ui/ueiu+ên=unu+êng=ung
üü+ê/o=üehü+ên=ünü+êng=iung

Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. These are written in Wade–Giles according to the following rules:

  • if the final begins with a u, replace the u with a w
  • if the final begins with an ü, add y in the beginning (no exceptions)
  • if the final begins with an i, replace the i with a y if there are other vowels; if there are no other vowels, add y in the beginning
  • if the final begins in any other way, keep the final as is
  • exceptions to the rules above are indicated by blue in the table's no initial column:
Wade–Giles table Initials Wade–Giles table
ppʻmfttʻnlkkʻhchchʻhschchʻshjtstsʻs
Group a Finals ih/ŭ chihchʻihshihjihtzŭtzʻŭssŭ ih/ŭ Group a Finals
a apapʻamafatatʻanalakakʻahachachʻashatsatsʻasa a
ê/o ê/otʻêkokʻohochêchʻêshêtsêtsʻê ê/o
ai aipaipʻaimaitaitʻainailaikaikʻaihaichaichʻaishaitsaitsʻaisai ai
ei eipeipʻeimeifeiteitʻeineileikeiheicheisheitsei ei
ao aopaopʻaomaotaotʻaonaolaokaokʻaohaochaochʻaoshaojaotsaotsʻaosao ao
ou oupʻoumoufoutoutʻounouloukoukʻouhouchouchʻoushoujoutsoutsʻousou ou
an anpanpʻanmanfantantʻannanlankankʻanhanchanchʻanshanjantsantsʻansan an
ên ênpênpʻênmênfêntênnênkênkʻênhênchênchʻênshênjêntsêntsʻênsên ên
ang angpangpʻangmangfangtangtʻangnanglangkangkʻanghangchangchʻangshangjangtsangtsʻangsang ang
êng êngpêngpʻêngmêngfêngtêngtʻêngnênglêngkêngkʻênghêngchêngchʻêngshêngjêngtsêngtsʻêngsêng êng
êrh êrh êrh
Group i Finals i i/yipipʻimititʻinilichichʻihsi i Group i Finals
ia yatialiachiachʻiahsia ia
ieh yehpiehpʻiehmiehtiehtʻiehniehliehchiehchʻiehhsieh ieh
iai yai iai
iao yaopiaopʻiaomiaotiaotʻiaoniaoliaochiaochʻiaohsiao iao
iu yumiutiuniuliuchiuchʻiuhsiu iu
ien yenpienpʻienmientientʻiennienlienchienchʻienhsien ien
in yinpinpʻinminninlinchinchʻinhsin in
iang yangniangliangchiangchʻianghsiang iang
ing yingpingpʻingmingtingtʻingninglingchingchʻinghsing ing
Group u Finals u wupupʻumufututʻunulukukʻuhuchuchʻushujutsutsʻusu u Group u Finals
ua wakuakʻuahuachuachʻuashuajua ua
o/uo wopopʻomofototʻonolokuokʻuohuochochʻoshuojotsotsʻoso o/uo
uai waikuaikʻuaihuaichuaichʻuaishuai uai
ui/uei weituitʻuikueikʻueihuichuichʻuishuijuitsuitsʻuisui ui/uei
uan wantuantʻuannuanluankuankʻuanhuanchuanchʻuanshuanjuantsuantsʻuansuan uan
un wêntuntʻunnunlunkunkʻunhunchunchʻunshunjuntsuntsʻunsun un
uang wangkuangkʻuanghuangchuangchʻuangshuang uang
ung wêngtungtʻungnunglungkungkʻunghungchungchʻungjungtsungtsʻungsung ung
Group ü Finals ü chüchʻühsü ü Group ü Finals
üeh yüehnüehlüehchüehchʻüehhsüeh üeh
üan yüanlüanchüanchʻüanhsüan üan
ün yünchünchʻünhsün ün
iung yungchiungchʻiunghsiung iung
Wade–Giles table ppʻmfttʻnlkkʻhchchʻhschchʻshjtstsʻs Wade–Giles table
Initials
Colour Legend:
"regular" initial or final

Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of:

  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final
Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of:
  • i+Group a final
  • u+Group a final
  • ü+Group a final
syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page) syllable is written with the less common of the two spellings of the final;
note the special spelling of the initials ts, tsʻ, s in the syllables tzŭ, tzʻŭ, ssŭ
Syllables that end with o have either the o/uo final or the ê/o final:
IPA pu̯ɔpʰu̯ɔmu̯ɔfu̯ɔtu̯ɔtʰu̯ɔnu̯ɔlu̯ɔkʰɤku̯ɔkʰu̯ɔxu̯ɔʈʂu̯ɔʈʂʰu̯ɔʂu̯ɔʐu̯ɔʦu̯ɔʦʰu̯ɔsu̯ɔɤu̯ɔ
Wade–Giles popʻomofototʻonolokokʻohokuokʻuohuochochʻoshuojotsotsʻosoo/êwo
Bopomofo ㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛㄨㄛ
Pinyin bopomofoduotuonuoluogekeheguokuohuozhuochuoshuoruozuocuosuoewo

See also

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.