Wade–Giles table

This Wade–Giles table is a complete listing of all Wade–Giles syllables used in Standard Chinese.[1] Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese.

The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Chinese, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese. Although some initial-final combinations occur with each of the five different tones, most do not. Some only occur with one tone.

Finals are grouped into subsets a, i, u and ü. i, u and ü groupings indicate a combination of those finals with finals from Group a. The following exceptions exist:

Group	Special combination
i	i+ê/o=ieh		i+ou=iu	i+an=ien	i+ên=in	i+êng=ing
u	u+ê/o=o/uo	u+ei=ui/uei			u+ên=un	u+êng=ung
ü	ü+ê/o=üeh				ü+ên=ün	ü+êng=iung

Most syllables are a combination of an initial and a final. However, some syllables have no initials. These are written in Wade–Giles according to the following rules:

if the final begins with a u, replace the u with a w
if the final begins with an ü, add y in the beginning (no exceptions)
if the final begins with an i, replace the i with a y if there are other vowels; if there are no other vowels, add y in the beginning
if the final begins in any other way, keep the final as is
exceptions to the rules above are indicated by blue in the table's no initial column:

Wade–Giles table		Initials																						Wade–Giles table
Wade–Giles table		∅	p	pʻ	m	f	t	tʻ	n	l	k	kʻ	h	ch	chʻ	hs	ch	chʻ	sh	j	ts	tsʻ	s	Wade–Giles table
Group a Finals	ih/ŭ																chih	chʻih	shih	jih	tzŭ	tzʻŭ	ssŭ	ih/ŭ	Group a Finals
	a	a	pa	pʻa	ma	fa	ta	tʻa	na	la	ka	kʻa	ha				cha	chʻa	sha		tsa	tsʻa	sa	a
	ê/o	ê/o			mê		tê	tʻê	nê	lê	ko	kʻo	ho				chê	chʻê	shê	jê	tsê	tsʻê	sê	ê/o
	ai	ai	pai	pʻai	mai		tai	tʻai	nai	lai	kai	kʻai	hai				chai	chʻai	shai		tsai	tsʻai	sai	ai
	ei	ei	pei	pʻei	mei	fei	tei	tʻei	nei	lei	kei		hei				chei		shei		tsei			ei
	ao	ao	pao	pʻao	mao		tao	tʻao	nao	lao	kao	kʻao	hao				chao	chʻao	shao	jao	tsao	tsʻao	sao	ao
	ou	ou		pʻou	mou	fou	tou	tʻou	nou	lou	kou	kʻou	hou				chou	chʻou	shou	jou	tsou	tsʻou	sou	ou
	an	an	pan	pʻan	man	fan	tan	tʻan	nan	lan	kan	kʻan	han				chan	chʻan	shan	jan	tsan	tsʻan	san	an
	ên	ên	pên	pʻên	mên	fên	tên		nên		kên	kʻên	hên				chên	chʻên	shên	jên	tsên	tsʻên	sên	ên
	ang	ang	pang	pʻang	mang	fang	tang	tʻang	nang	lang	kang	kʻang	hang				chang	chʻang	shang	jang	tsang	tsʻang	sang	ang
	êng	êng	pêng	pʻêng	mêng	fêng	têng	tʻêng	nêng	lêng	kêng	kʻêng	hêng				chêng	chʻêng	shêng	jêng	tsêng	tsʻêng	sêng	êng
	êrh	êrh																						êrh
Group i Finals	i	i/yi	pi	pʻi	mi		ti	tʻi	ni	li				chi	chʻi	hsi								i	Group i Finals
	ia	ya					tia			lia				chia	chʻia	hsia								ia
	ieh	yeh	pieh	pʻieh	mieh		tieh	tʻieh	nieh	lieh				chieh	chʻieh	hsieh								ieh
	iai	yai																						iai
	iao	yao	piao	pʻiao	miao		tiao	tʻiao	niao	liao				chiao	chʻiao	hsiao								iao
	iu	yu			miu		tiu		niu	liu				chiu	chʻiu	hsiu								iu
	ien	yen	pien	pʻien	mien		tien	tʻien	nien	lien				chien	chʻien	hsien								ien
	in	yin	pin	pʻin	min				nin	lin				chin	chʻin	hsin								in
	iang	yang							niang	liang				chiang	chʻiang	hsiang								iang
	ing	ying	ping	pʻing	ming		ting	tʻing	ning	ling				ching	chʻing	hsing								ing
Group u Finals	u	wu	pu	pʻu	mu	fu	tu	tʻu	nu	lu	ku	kʻu	hu				chu	chʻu	shu	ju	tsu	tsʻu	su	u	Group u Finals
	ua	wa									kua	kʻua	hua				chua	chʻua	shua	jua				ua
	o/uo	wo	po	pʻo	mo	fo	to	tʻo	no	lo	kuo	kʻuo	huo				cho	chʻo	shuo	jo	tso	tsʻo	so	o/uo
	uai	wai									kuai	kʻuai	huai				chuai	chʻuai	shuai					uai
	ui/uei	wei					tui	tʻui			kuei	kʻuei	hui				chui	chʻui	shui	jui	tsui	tsʻui	sui	ui/uei
	uan	wan					tuan	tʻuan	nuan	luan	kuan	kʻuan	huan				chuan	chʻuan	shuan	juan	tsuan	tsʻuan	suan	uan
	un	wên					tun	tʻun	nun	lun	kun	kʻun	hun				chun	chʻun	shun	jun	tsun	tsʻun	sun	un
	uang	wang									kuang	kʻuang	huang				chuang	chʻuang	shuang					uang
	ung	wêng					tung	tʻung	nung	lung	kung	kʻung	hung				chung	chʻung		jung	tsung	tsʻung	sung	ung
Group ü Finals	ü	yü							nü	lü				chü	chʻü	hsü								ü	Group ü Finals
	üeh	yüeh							nüeh	lüeh				chüeh	chʻüeh	hsüeh								üeh
	üan	yüan								lüan				chüan	chʻüan	hsüan								üan
	ün	yün												chün	chʻün	hsün								ün
	iung	yung												chiung	chʻiung	hsiung								iung
Wade–Giles table		∅	p	pʻ	m	f	t	tʻ	n	l	k	kʻ	h	ch	chʻ	hs	ch	chʻ	sh	j	ts	tsʻ	s	Wade–Giles table
Wade–Giles table		Initials																						Wade–Giles table

Colour Legend:

"regular" initial or final Final is in Group a or is a direct combination of: i+Group a final u+Group a final ü+Group a final	Final of i, u, ü groups is a modified combination of: i+Group a final u+Group a final ü+Group a final	syllable is direct combination of initial and final (or follows rules for no-initial syllables outlined at the top of the page)	syllable is written with the less common of the two spellings of the final; note the special spelling of the initials ts, tsʻ, s in the syllables tzŭ, tzʻŭ, ssŭ

Syllables that end with o have either the o/uo final or the ê/o final:

IPA	pu̯ɔ	pʰu̯ɔ	mu̯ɔ	fu̯ɔ	tu̯ɔ	tʰu̯ɔ	nu̯ɔ	lu̯ɔ	kɤ	kʰɤ	xɤ	ku̯ɔ	kʰu̯ɔ	xu̯ɔ	ʈʂu̯ɔ	ʈʂʰu̯ɔ	ʂu̯ɔ	ʐu̯ɔ	ʦu̯ɔ	ʦʰu̯ɔ	su̯ɔ	ɤ	u̯ɔ
Wade–Giles	po	pʻo	mo	fo	to	tʻo	no	lo	ko	kʻo	ho	kuo	kʻuo	huo	cho	chʻo	shuo	jo	tso	tsʻo	so	o/ê	wo
Bopomofo	ㄅㄛ	ㄆㄛ	ㄇㄛ	ㄈㄛ	ㄉㄨㄛ	ㄊㄨㄛ	ㄋㄨㄛ	ㄌㄨㄛ	ㄍㄜ	ㄎㄜ	ㄏㄜ	ㄍㄨㄛ	ㄎㄨㄛ	ㄏㄨㄛ	ㄓㄨㄛ	ㄔㄨㄛ	ㄕㄨㄛ	ㄖㄨㄛ	ㄗㄨㄛ	ㄘㄨㄛ	ㄙㄨㄛ	ㄜ	ㄨㄛ
Pinyin	bo	po	mo	fo	duo	tuo	nuo	luo	ge	ke	he	guo	kuo	huo	zhuo	chuo	shuo	ruo	zuo	cuo	suo	e	wo

References

A Chinese-English Dictionary.

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[1] A Chinese-English Dictionary.

Wade–Giles table

See also

References