Walckenaeria

Walckenaeria is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by John Blackwall in 1833.[4] It is a senior synonym of Paragonatium,[3] as well as Wideria, Cornicularia, Prosopotheca, Tigellinus, and Trachynella.[2]

Walckenaeria
Walckenaeria acuminata from Commanster, Belgian High Ardennes
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Linyphiidae
Genus: Walckenaeria
Blackwall, 1833[1]
Type species
W. acuminata
Blackwall, 1833
Species

195, see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Cornicularia Menge, 1869[2]
  • Paragonatium Schenkel, 1927[3]
  • Prosopotheca Simon, 1884[2]
  • Tigellinus Simon, 1884[2]
  • Trachynella Brændegaard, 1932[2]
  • Wideria Simon, 1864[2]

Some males in this group have eyes set up on mounds or turrets. In extreme cases, several eyes are on a stalk taller than the carapace itself.

Species

As of September 2020 it contains 195 species and two subspecies:[1]

  • W. abantensis Wunderlich, 1995 – Albania, Greece, Turkey
  • W. aberdarensis (Holm, 1962) – Kenya
  • W. acuminata Blackwall, 1833 (type) – Europe, Caucasus, Iran
  • W. aenea Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
  • W. afur Thaler, 1984 – Canary Is.
  • W. aksoyi Seyyar, Demir & Türkes, 2008 – Turkey
  • W. alba Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
  • W. allopatriae Jocqué & Scharff, 1986 – Tanzania
  • W. alticeps (Denis, 1952) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia), Iran
  • W. anceps Millidge, 1983 – Canada
  • W. angelica Millidge, 1979 – Italy
  • W. angustifrons (Simon, 1884) – France
  • W. antica (Wider, 1834) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kyrgyzstan, China, Korea, Japan
  • W. aprilis Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. arcana Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
  • W. arctica Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
  • W. asymmetrica Song & Li, 2011 – China
  • W. atrotibialis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1878) – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia), Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
  • W. auranticeps (Emerton, 1882) – Russia (South Siberia to Far East), Canada, USA
  • W. aurata Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
  • W. baborensis Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
  • W. basarukini Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Far East)
  • W. bifasciculata Tanasevitch, 1987 – Azerbaijan, Armenia
  • W. bifida Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. blanda Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. breviaria (Crosby & Bishop, 1931) – USA
  • W. brevicornis (Emerton, 1882) – USA
  • W. brucei (Tullgren, 1955) – Sweden
  • W. camposi Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • W. capito (Westring, 1861) – Canada, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Korea
  • W. carolina Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. castanea (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada, Greenland
  • W. cavernicola Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • W. chikunii Saito & Ono, 2001 – Korea, Japan
  • W. chiyokoae Saito, 1988 – Japan
  • W. christae Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece
  • W. cirriceps Thaler, 1996 – Greece, Turkey
  • W. clavicornis (Emerton, 1882) – North America, Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), China, Mongolia, Japan
  • W. claviloba Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece (Crete)
  • W. clavipalpis Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
  • W. cognata Holm, 1984 – Tanzania
  • W. columbia Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
  • W. communis (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
  • W. coniceps Thaler, 1996 – Greece
  • W. coreana (Paik, 1983) – Korea
  • W. corniculans (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) – Europe, North Africa, Turkey
  • W. cornuella (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939) – USA, Canada
  • W. cretaensis Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece (Crete)
  • W. crocata (Simon, 1884) – Canary Is., Algeria
  • W. crocea Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
  • W. crosbyi (Fage, 1938) – Costa Rica
  • W. cucullata (C. L. Koch, 1836) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to South Siberia)
  • W. cuspidata Blackwall, 1833 – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East)
    • Walckenaeria c. brevicula (Crosby & Bishop, 1931) – USA, Canada, Greenland
    • Walckenaeria c. obsoleta Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1894 – Hungary
  • W. cyprusensis Wunderlich, 1995 – Cyprus
  • W. dahaituoensis Song & Li, 2011 – China
  • W. dalmasi (Simon, 1915) – Portugal, Spain, France
  • W. denisi Thaler, 1984 – Canary Is.
  • W. digitata (Emerton, 1913) – USA, Canada
  • W. directa (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – USA, Canada
  • W. discolor Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
  • W. dixiana (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1944) – USA
  • W. dondalei Millidge, 1983 – Canada
  • W. dysderoides (Wider, 1834) – Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East)
  • W. elgonensis Holm, 1984 – Kenya, Uganda
  • W. emarginata Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. erythrina (Simon, 1884) – France (Corsica), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia
  • W. exigua Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
  • W. extraterrestris Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria, Greece
  • W. faceta Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
  • W. fallax Millidge, 1983 – Canada
  • W. ferruginea Seo, 1991 – China, Korea
  • W. floridiana Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. fraudatrix Millidge, 1983 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia, USA (Alaska), Canada
  • W. furcillata (Menge, 1869) – Europe, Turkey, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Korea, Japan
  • W. fusciceps Millidge, 1983 – Canada
  • W. fuscocephala Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
  • W. galilea Tanasevitch, 2016 – Israel
  • W. gertschi Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
  • W. gologolensis Scharff, 1990 – Tanzania
  • W. golovatchi Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Far East), Japan
  • W. gomerensis Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
  • W. grancanariensis Wunderlich, 2011 – Canary Is.
  • W. grandis (Wunderlich, 1992) – Azores
  • W. hamus Wunderlich, 1995 – Greece (Crete)
  • W. heimbergi Bosmans, 2007 – Morocco
  • W. helenae Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. hierropalma Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
  • W. ichifusaensis Saito & Ono, 2001 – Korea, Japan
  • W. incisa (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871) – Europe
  • W. incompleta Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • W. indirecta (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874) – USA, Canada
  • W. inflexa (Westring, 1861) – Sweden
  • W. insperata Millidge, 1979 – Italy
  • W. intoleranda (Keyserling, 1886) – Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia
  • W. iviei Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
  • W. jinlin Yin & Bao, 2012 – China
  • W. jocquei Holm, 1984 – Malawi
  • W. kabyliana Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
  • W. karpinskii (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – North America, Scandinavia, Lithuania, Russia (Europe to Far East), China, Mongolia
  • W. katanda Marusik, Hippa & Koponen, 1996 – Russia (South Siberia), Kazakhstan
  • W. kazakhstanica Eskov, 1995 – Russia (Urals to South Siberia), Kazakhstan
  • W. kigogensis Scharff, 1990 – Tanzania
  • W. kochi (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873) – Canada, Europe, Russia (Europe to South Siberia, Kamchatka), Kazakhstan
  • W. koenboutjei Baert, 1994 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East)
  • W. korobeinikovi Esyunin & Efimik, 1996 – Russia (Europe to Far East), Japan
  • W. kulalensis Holm, 1984 – Kenya
  • W. languida (Simon, 1915) – Morocco, Algeria, France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria
  • W. latens Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. lepida (Kulczyński, 1885) – North America, Finland, Russia (Europe to Far East)
  • W. maesta Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. mariannae Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
  • W. martensi Wunderlich, 1972 – India, Nepal
  • W. mauensis Holm, 1984 – Kenya
  • W. meruensis Tullgren, 1910 – Tanzania
  • W. mesus (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
  • W. mexicana Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
  • W. microps Holm, 1984 – Kenya, Uganda
  • W. microspinosa Wunderlich, 2012 – Canary Is.
  • W. microspiralis Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
  • W. minuscula Holm, 1984 – Kenya
  • W. minuta (Emerton, 1882) – USA
  • W. mitrata (Menge, 1868) – Europe, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia)
  • W. monoceras (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1947) – USA
  • W. monoceros (Wider, 1834) – Europe, Azerbaijan, Central Asia
  • W. neglecta Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
  • W. ngorongoroensis Holm, 1984 – Tanzania
  • W. nigeriensis Locket & Russell-Smith, 1980 – Nigeria, Kenya
  • W. nishikawai Saito, 1986 – Russia (Sakhalin, Kurile Is.), Japan
  • W. nodosa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873 – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East), China, Japan
  • W. nudipalpis (Westring, 1851) – Europe, Azerbaijan, Russia (Europe to Far East), Japan
  • W. obtusa Blackwall, 1836 – Europe, Russia (Europe to Far East)
  • W. occidentalis Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. ocularis Holm, 1984 – Kenya
  • W. oregona Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. orghidani Georgescu, 1977 – Cuba
  • W. orientalis (Oliger, 1985) – Russia (Far East), Korea, Japan
  • W. pallida (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
  • W. palmgreni Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Middle Siberia to Far East), Mongolia
  • W. palmierro Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
  • W. palustris Millidge, 1983 – Canada
  • W. parvicornis Wunderlich, 1995 – Mongolia
  • W. pellax Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
  • W. perdita (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
  • W. picetorum (Palmgren, 1976) – Sweden, Finland, Russia (Europe to Far East)
  • W. pinocchio (Kaston, 1945) – USA, Canada
  • W. pinoensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • W. placida (Banks, 1892) – USA
  • W. plumata Millidge, 1979 – Italy
  • W. prominens Millidge, 1983 – Canada
  • W. puella Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. pullata Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
  • W. pyrenaea (Denis, 1952) – France
  • W. reclusa Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. redneri Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
  • W. rufula Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
  • W. rutilis Millidge, 1983 – Mexico
  • W. ruwenzoriensis (Holm, 1962) – Congo, Uganda
  • W. saetigera Tanasevitch, 2011 – India
  • W. saniuana (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939) – USA
  • W. serrata Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. simplex Chyzer, 1894 – Germany to Greece
  • W. solivaga Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. spiralis (Emerton, 1882) – Russia (Far North-East), Canada, USA
  • W. stepposa Tanasevitch & Piterkina, 2007 – Kazakhstan
  • W. striata Wunderlich, 1987 – Canary Is.
  • W. stylifrons (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1875) – Europe
  • W. subdirecta Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
  • W. subpallida Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. subspiralis Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
  • W. subterranea Wunderlich, 2011 – Canary Is.
  • W. subvigilax Millidge, 1983 – USA
  • W. supercilia Seo, 2018 – Korea
  • W. suspecta (Kulczyński, 1882) – Poland, Slovakia
  • W. tanzaniensis Jocqué & Scharff, 1986 – Tanzania
  • W. teideensis Wunderlich, 1992 – Canary Is.
  • W. tenella Millidge, 1983 – USA, Canada
  • W. tenuitibialis Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
  • W. teres Millidge, 1983 – Canada
  • W. thrinax (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933) – USA
  • W. tibialis (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
  • W. tilos Wunderlich, 2011 – Canary Is.
  • W. torta Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
  • W. tricornis (Emerton, 1882) – USA, Canada
  • W. tumida (Crosby & Bishop, 1931) – USA, Canada
  • W. turbulenta Bosmans, 1993 – Algeria
  • W. tystchenkoi Eskov & Marusik, 1994 – Russia (Far North-East to Sakhalin)
  • W. uenoi Saito & Irie, 1992 – Japan
  • W. unicornis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1861 – Europe, Russia (Europe to West Siberia), Kazakhstan
  • W. uzungwensis Scharff, 1990 – Tanzania
  • W. vigilax (Blackwall, 1853) – North America, Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far North-East))
  • W. vilbasteae Wunderlich, 1980 – Estonia
  • W. weber (Chamberlin, 1949) – USA
  • W. westringi Strand, 1903 – Norway
  • W. wunderlichi Tanasevitch, 1983 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe), Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
  • W. yunnanensis Xia, Zhang, Gao, Fei & Kim, 2001 – China

Formerly included:

  • W. anceps Xu, 1985 (Transferred to Argyrodes)
  • W. anguilliformis Xia, Zhang, Gao, Fei & Kim, 2001 (Transferred to Shaanxinus)
  • W. bella (Paik, 1978) (Transferred to Paikiniana)
  • W. caobangensis Tu & Li, 2004 (Transferred to Nasoona)
  • W. cylindrica Xu, 1994 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
  • W. dentata Zhu & Zhou, 1988 (Transferred to Dactylopisthes)
  • W. imadatei (Oi, 1964) (Transferred to Oia)
  • W. iriei Ono, 2007 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
  • W. kamakuraensis (Oi, 1960) (Transferred to Baryphymula)
  • W. keikoae Saito, 1988 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
  • W. lurida Seo, 1991 (Transferred to Paikiniana)
  • W. mira (Oi, 1960) (Transferred to Paikiniana)
  • W. patagonica Tullgren, 1901 (Transferred to Neomaso)
  • W. pini (Holm, 1950) (Transferred to Baryphyma)
  • W. saitoi Ono, 1991 (Transferred to Ainerigone)
  • W. selma (Chamberlin, 1949) (Transferred to Scylaceus)
  • W. sounkyoensis Saito, 1986 (Transferred to Okhotigone)
  • W. transversa (Crosby, 1905) (Transferred to Tennesseellum)
  • W. vulgaris (Oi, 1960) (Transferred to Paikiniana)
  • W. xui Platnick, 1989 (Transferred to Argyrodes)

Nomina dubia

  • W. bicolor Blackwall, 1841
  • W. dulciacensis (Denis, 1950
  • W. exilis Blackwall, 1853
  • W. fusca Roșca, 1935
  • W. mengei Bösenberg, 1902
  • W. parva Blackwall, 1841
  • W. vafra Blackwall, 1856

See also

References
  1. "Gen. Walckenaeria Blackwall, 1833". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2020. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  2. Merrett, P. (1963). "The palpus of male spiders of the family Linyphiidae". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 140 (3): 462. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1963.tb01867.x.
  3. Wunderlich, J. (1974). "Ein Beitrag zur Synonymie einheimischer Spinnen (Arachnida: Araneae)". Zoologische Beiträge. 20: 166.
  4. Blackwall, J. (1833). "Characters of some undescribed genera and species of Araneidae". London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 3 (3): 436–443.

Further reading
  • Millidge, A. F. (1983). "The erigonine spiders of North America. Part 6. The genus Walckenaeria Blackwall (Araneae, Linyphiidae)". Journal of Arachnology. 11: 105–200 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  • Wunderlich, J. (1972). "Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Walckenaeria Blackwall 1833 unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der europäischen Subgenera und Arten (Arachnida: Araneae: Linyphiiidae)". Zoologische Beiträge. 18: 371–427.
  • Simon, E. (1884). Les arachnides de France. Tome cinquième, deuxième et troisième partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 180–885.
  • Paquin, P.; Dupérré, N. (2003). "Guide d'identification des araignées de Québec". Fabreries, Supplément. 11: 1–251.
  • Simon, E. (1926). Les arachnides de France. Synopsis générale et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 2e partie. Roret, Paris. pp. 309–532.
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