Wang Fan
Wang Fan (228–266), courtesy name Yongyuan, was a Chinese astronomer, mathematician, politician, and writer of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Wang Fan | |
|---|---|
| 王蕃 | |
| Regular Attendant (常侍) | |
| In office 264 or after – 266 | |
| Monarch | Sun Hao |
| Chief Commandant of Escorting Cavalry (駙馬都尉) | |
| In office 258 or after – ? | |
| Monarch | Sun Xiu |
| Central Regular Mounted Attendant (散騎中常侍) | |
| In office 258 or after – ? | |
| Monarch | Sun Xiu |
| Gentleman of Writing (尚書郎) | |
| In office ?–? | |
| Monarch | Sun Quan / Sun Liang |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 228 Lujiang County, Anhui |
| Died | 266 (aged 38) |
| Relations |
|
| Occupation | Astronomer, mathematician, politician, writer |
| Courtesy name | Yongyuan (永元) |
Life
Wang Fan was from Lujiang Commandery (廬江郡), which is located southwest of present-day Lujiang County, Anhui. He started his career in Wu as a Gentleman of Writing (尚書郎) during the reign of the first Wu emperor Sun Quan or second Wu emperor Sun Liang, but was dismissed from office.
During the reign of the third Wu emperor Sun Xiu, Wang Fan served as a Central Regular Mounted Attendant (散騎中常侍) alongside He Shao, Xue Ying and Yu Si, and was given an additional appointment as a Chief Commandant of Escorting Cavalry (駙馬都尉). He received much praise from his contemporaries. When the Wu government sent him as an ambassador to Wu's ally state, Shu, he was also highly regarded by the Shu government. Upon returning to Wu, he served as a military supervisor at the Wu military garrison in Xiakou (夏口).
During the reign of the fourth and last Wu emperor Sun Hao, Wang Fan became a Regular Attendant (常侍) alongside Wan Yu. Although he was initially close to Sun Hao, he gradually became alienated from the emperor as other officials slandered him in front of the emperor and as he became more outspoken against the emperor's outrageous behaviour. In 266, he offended Sun Hao and ended up losing his head. Sun Hao also exiled his family to the remote Guang Province in the south. Lu Kai, the Imperial Chancellor of Wu during Sun Hao's reign, lamented Wang Fan's unfortunate end.
Wang Fan had two brothers, Wang Zhu (王著) and Wang Yan (王延), who were also well-known learned men in Wu. Both of them were killed during a rebellion started by Guo Ma in 279, which was one of the events leading to the fall of Wu in 280.
Contributions to mathematics and astronomy
Wang Fan was proficient in mathematics and astronomy. He calculated the distance from the Sun to the Earth, but his geometric model was not correct. In addition, he gave the numerical value of π as 142 / 45 = 3.155…,[1][2] which was not as accurate as that given by the mathematician Liu Hui, who lived around the same time as him.
References
- Schepler (1950), p. 168.
- Volkov (1997), p. 312.
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
- Schepler, Herman C. (1950). "The Chronology of PI". Mathematics Magazine. 23 (3): 165–170. doi:10.2307/3029284. ISSN 0025-570X. JSTOR 3029284..
- Volkov, Alexeï (1997). "Zhao Youqin and his calculation of π". Historia Mathematica. 24 (3): 301–331. doi:10.1006/hmat.1997.2163. MR 1470103..