War as metaphor

The use of war as metaphor is a longstanding literary and rhetorical trope. In political usage, war metaphors are used to manage a perceived societal problem, with the concept taking the place of an individual or state enemy in true war. The war metaphor is sometimes invoked to pursue ordinary domestic politics.[1]

"Thousand-yard stare", a 1944 illustration by Thomas C. Lea III

Philosopher James Childress describes the use of war as a metaphor as a dilemma: "In debating social policy through the language of war, we often forget the moral reality of war."[2] One fundamental problem is that it is often unclear when the "war" is over.[3] Simon Jenkins, Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, said that "Never, ever, should a government use war as a metaphor in a time of peace."[4]

The Cultural Revolution in China 1966–1976, which initially was launched as a "War against Revisionism", is a discouraging example of a metaphorical war against "-isms".[3]

Examples

Examples of war used as a metaphor, often on the form "War on..." or "War against...":

Some wars are not proclaimed but rather a label used by adversaries:

See also

Further reading

  • Childress, James F. "The war metaphor in public policy"[2]
  • Steinert, Heinz. 2003. "The Indispensable Metaphor of War: On Populist Politics and the Contradictions of the State's Monopoly of Force," Theoretical Criminology 7.3 (2003) p. 265-291.
  • Thomas, Ruth P. 1984. "War as metaphor in La Princesse de Montpensier", Forum for Modern Language Studies 20.4 p. 323-332.

References

  1. Matthew Crawford. "Covid was liberalism's endgame", UnHerd, 30 December 2022.
  2. Childress, James F. (2001). "The War Metaphor in Public Policy: Some Moral Reflections" (PDF). In Ficarrotta, J. Carl (ed.). The Leader's Imperative: Ethics, Integrity, and Responsibility. Purdue University Press. pp. 181–197. ISBN 9781612491394. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
  3. "Vad har Kina lärt av kulturrevolutionen?", professor Michael Schoenhals in Godmorgon världen!, Sveriges radio, 18 May 2016. Retrieved 23 maj 2016. (In Swedish)
  4. Simon Jenkins. "Why I'm taking the coronavirus hype with a pinch of salt (archived)", The Guardian, 6 March 2020.
  5. Xing Lu (January 2004), Rhetoric of the Chinese Cultural Revolution: The Impact on Chinese Thought, Culture, and Communication, Univ of South Carolina Press, p. 91, ISBN 978-1-57003-543-2
  6. Radley Balko. "Once again: There is no 'war on cops.' And those who claim otherwise are playing a dangerous game.", The Washington Post, 10 September 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  7. Sidky, H. (2018). "The War on Science, Anti-Intellectualism, and 'Alternative Ways of Knowing' in 21st-Century America". Skeptical Inquirer. 42 (2): 38–43. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  8. Mooney, Chris (2005). The Republican War on Science. Basic Books. ISBN 9780465046751.
  9. Rym Momtaz. "Emmanuel Macron on coronavirus: 'We're at war'". 16 March 2020. Archived from the original on March 17, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), politico.eu, 16 March 2020.
  10. "Pressure grows on Macron over French vaccination 'fiasco'", france24.com, 04 January 2021.
  11. "PM says Greece at war with 'invisible enemy' coronavirus". Reuters, 17 March 2020.
  12. Eszter Zalan. "EU struggles to contain corona economic fallout". 17 March 2020. Archived from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) euobserver.com, 17 March 2020.
  13. Emma Newburger. "Trump activates National Guard in California, New York and Washington state: 'This is a war' (archived)", cnbc.com, 22 March 2020.
  14. Quentin Letts. "Quentin Letts: Sunak holds court with pain relief (archived)", thetimes.co.uk, 18 March 2020.
  15. Tom Phillips "'It's a war on the people': El Salvador's mass arrests send thousands into despair" (archived) The Guardian, 8 June 2022.
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