watchOS
watchOS is the operating system of the Apple Watch, developed by Apple Inc. It is based on iOS, the operating system used by the iPhone, and has many similar features.[6] It was released on April 24, 2015, along with the Apple Watch, the only device that runs watchOS. watchOS exposes an API called WatchKit for developer use.
Developer | Apple Inc. |
---|---|
Written in | |
OS family | |
Working state | Current |
Source model | Closed, with open-source components |
Initial release | April 24, 2015 |
Latest release | 10.0.2 (Ultra 2 and Series 9)[1] (September 26, 2023 ) [±] 10.0.1 (other models)[2] (September 21, 2023 ) [±] |
Latest preview | 10.1 beta 2[3] (October 3, 2023 ) [±] |
Marketing target | Smartwatch |
Available in | 45 languages[4][5] |
Update method | OTA (via iPhone 5+ running iOS 8.2+) |
Platforms | |
Kernel type | Hybrid (XNU) |
Default user interface | Cocoa Touch (GUI) |
License | Proprietary software except for open-source components |
Official website | apple.com/watchos |
The second version, watchOS 2, included support for native third-party apps and other improvements, and was released on September 21, 2015.[7][8][9] The third version, watchOS 3, was released on September 13, 2016, to emphasize better performance and include new watch faces and stock apps. The fourth version, watchOS 4, was released on September 19, 2017. The fifth version, watchOS 5, was released on September 17, 2018,[10] to add more third-party support and new workouts, along with the "Walkie-Talkie" feature.[11] The sixth version, watchOS 6, was released on September 19, 2019.[12] The seventh version, watchOS 7, was released on September 16, 2020, to support handwashing and sleep tracking.[13][14] The eighth version, watchOS 8, was released on September 20, 2021, with updates in health monitoring, visuals, and apps.[15] The ninth version, watchOS 9, was released on September 12, 2022. The tenth version, watchOS 10, was released on September 18, 2023.
Interface overview
The home screen (rendered by and also known as "Carousel")[6] is composed of circular application icons, which can be zoomed in and out with the Digital Crown and dragged and launched by touching the display.
Prior to watchOS 3, Glances provided fast access to a summarized view of the most popular native or third-party applications used on Apple Watch.[16] The Glances view was opened with a swipe-up gesture from the watch face screen. With watchOS 3, Glances were replaced by a redesigned Control Center – much like the one in iOS. The friends menu, invoked with the side button, now acts as a dedicated dock for apps.
Different actions and options appear depending on whether the user taps or deep-presses, which an Apple Watch detects with its pressure-sensitive (Force Touch) Display.[17] Force Touch was completely removed in watchOS 7, and all actions requiring the feature were moved to specific options in the Settings app or to long-press actions.[18]
Supported health metrics
Since its inception, watchOS has supported an increasing number and variety of health metrics for measurement and tracking. These include:
- heart rate
- maximal aerobic capacity, otherwise known as VO2 max (added in watchOS 4,[19] enhanced in watchOS 7[20][21][22])
- electrocardiogram, otherwise known as EKG or ECG (added in watchOS 5.1.2[23])
- blood oxygen saturation, otherwise known as SpO2 (added in watchOS 7[20])
- menstrual cycle status (added in watchOS 6[24])
- sleep duration & respiratory rate tracking (added in watchOS 7[25][26])
HealthKit
For several years, Apple has been developing its HealthKit product in an attempt to penetrate the lucrative healthcare and wellness industry, which CB Insights believe holds a huge growth opportunity for Apple.[27] This was confirmed by Jony Ive, Apple's former chief designer, in an interview. He said that health was a crucial element in the Apple Watch since the day of its inception and that the developmental trajectory of the hardware and the watchOS were geared towards health-based capabilities.[28] Ive pointed out that one of the primary apps that shipped with the first watchOS allowed users to track and communicate as well as encourage them to move, exercise, and stand. He said:
Many of us have our phones with us all the time, but they aren't connected to you. Imagine having something this powerful with you at all times, and what opportunities that might present to the user. The opportunity is phenomenal. Particularly when [you] don't understand just where we are today in terms of technology and capability, but where we are headed.[28]
Applications have been developed for watchOS that not only keep users active but also diagnose illnesses. For example, the app called DeepHeart, a deep-learning network that can detect atrial fibrillation, hypertension, sleep apnea, and diabetes.[29] It taps into the HealthKit platform to collect data, particularly those collected by the Apple Watch's heart sensor.[30]
Version history
Version | Initial release date | Latest version | Release date | Device end-of-life | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Apple Watch | iPhone | |||||
watchOS 1 | April 24, 2015 | 1.0.1 | May 19, 2015 | — | — | |
watchOS 2 | September 21, 2015 | 2.2.2 | July 18, 2016 | |||
watchOS 3 | September 13, 2016 | 3.2.3 | July 19, 2017 | 5, 5C | ||
watchOS 4 | September 19, 2017 | 4.3.2 | July 9, 2018 | 1st | — | |
watchOS 5 | September 17, 2018 | 5.3.9 | November 5, 2020 | — | 5S, 6 | |
watchOS 6 | September 19, 2019 | 6.3.0 | December 14, 2020 | Series 1, Series 2 | — | |
watchOS 7 | September 16, 2020 | 7.6.2 | September 13, 2021 | — | — | |
watchOS 8 | September 20, 2021 | 8.8.1 | June 21, 2023 | Series 3 | 6S, SE (1st), 7 | |
watchOS 9 | September 12, 2022 | 9.6.3 | September 21, 2023 | — | 8, X | |
watchOS 10 | September 18, 2023 | 10.0.1 | September 21, 2023 | — | — | |
10.0.2 | September 26, 2023 | |||||
10.1 beta 2 | October 3, 2023 | |||||
Legend: Obsolete Supported Current Beta |
watchOS 1
The first version of watchOS 1 was 1.0 and was based on iOS 8.2. The second version of watchOS 1 was 1.0.1 and was based on iOS 8.3.
Table of versions: watchOS 1.x – Apple Watch | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
watchOS version | iOS version based on | Build | Release date | Features | |
1.0 |
8.2[31] | 12S507 | April 24, 2015 |
Initial release on Apple Watch (1st Generation).
| |
1.0.1[34] |
8.3[31] | 12S632 | May 19, 2015 |
| |
watchOS 2
Table of versions: watchOS 2.x – Apple Watch[36] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
watchOS version | iOS version based on | Build | Release date | Features | |
2.0[37] |
9.0[31] | 13S344 | September 21, 2015 |
New Watch faces
Siri
Activity and Workout
Apple Pay and Wallet
Friends
Maps
Music
Miscellaneous
Developer
| |
2.0.1[37] |
9.1 | 13S428 | October 21, 2015 |
| |
2.1[37] |
9.2 | 13S661 | December 8, 2015 |
| |
2.2[37] |
9.3 | 13V144 | March 21, 2016 |
| |
2.2.1[37] |
9.3.2 | 13V420 | May 16, 2016 |
| |
2.2.2[37] |
9.3.3 | 13V604 | July 18, 2016 |
|
watchOS 3
Table of versions: watchOS 3.x – Apple Watch[38] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
watchOS version | iOS version based on | Build | Release date | Features | |
3.0 |
10.0 | 14S326 | September 13, 2016 |
Navigation
New Watch faces
Activity
Workout
For Wheelchairs
Breathe app
Communication
Scribble
Emergency SOS
Home
Miscellaneous
| |
3.1 |
10.1 | 14S471 | October 24, 2016 |
| |
3.1.1 |
10.2 | 14S883 | December 12, 2016 |
Update withdrawn due to reports of Apple Watches no longer working after the update[39] | |
3.1.3 |
10.2.1 | 14S960 | January 23, 2017 |
| |
3.2 |
10.3 | 14V249 | March 27, 2017 |
| |
3.2.2 |
10.3.2 | 14V485 | May 15, 2017 |
| |
3.2.3 |
10.3.3 | 14V753 | July 19, 2017 |
watchOS 4
Table of versions: watchOS 4.x – Apple Watch[40] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Limited support on the Apple Watch (1st generation). Some features are not supported on the Apple Watch Series 1 and Apple Watch Series 2 | |||||
watchOS version | iOS version based on | Build | Release date | Features | |
4.0 |
11.0 | 15R372 | September 19, 2017 |
Initial release on Apple Watch Series 3 Drops support for iPhone 5 and iPhone 5C New Watch faces
Activity
Workout
Heart Rate
Music
Miscellaneous
| |
4.0.1 |
11.0 | 15R654 | October 4, 2017 | Apple Watch Series 3 (GPS + Cellular) only
| |
4.1 |
11.1 | 15R846 | October 31, 2017 |
| |
4.2 |
11.2 | 15S102 | December 5, 2017 |
| |
4.2.2 |
11.2 | 15S542 | January 23, 2018 |
| |
4.2.3 |
11.2 | 15S600b | February 19, 2018 |
| |
4.3 |
11.3 | 15T212 | March 29, 2018 |
| |
4.3.1 |
11.4 | 15T567 | May 29, 2018 |
| |
4.3.2 |
11.4.1 | 15U70 | July 9, 2018 | Final release supported on Apple Watch (1st generation)
|
watchOS 5
watchOS 5 was first shown to the public at the 2018 San Jose WWDC developer conference held on June 4, 2018 by Apple. It had an instant watch-to-watch Walkie-Talkie mode.[41] With this release, Apple dropped support for the first generation Apple Watch. watchOS 5 was the first version of watchOS to bring 64-bit support.
Table of versions: watchOS 5.x – Apple Watch[42] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Some features are not supported on the Apple Watch Series 1 and Apple Watch Series 2. | |||||
watchOS version | iOS version based on | Build | Release date | Features | |
5.0 | 12.0 | 16R364 | September 17, 2018 |
Initial Release on Apple Watch Series 4 Drops support for the Apple Watch (1st generation)
| |
5.0.1 | 12.0 | 16R381/16R382 | September 27, 2018 | Improvements and bug fixes | |
5.1 | 12.1 | 16R591 | October 30, 2018 | Update withdrawn due to reports of Apple Watches no longer working after the update[43] | |
5.1.1 | 12.1 | 16R600 | November 5, 2018 |
Improvements and bug fixes
| |
5.1.2 | 12.1.1 | 16S46 | December 6, 2018 |
| |
5.1.3 | 12.1.3 | 16S535 | January 22, 2019 | This update includes improvements and bug fixes. | |
5.2 | 12.2 | 16T225 | March 27, 2019 |
| |
5.2.1 | 12.3 | 16U113 | May 13, 2019 |
| |
5.3 | 12.4 | 16U569 | July 22, 2019 |
| |
5.3.1 | 12.4.1 | 16U600 | August 26, 2019 |
| |
Post-watchOS 6 Updates for watches paired with an iOS 12.x iPhone (to support iPhone 5S and iPhone 6/6 Plus) | |||||
5.3.2 | 12.4.2 | 16U611 | September 26, 2019 | Apple Watch Series 1 and Apple Watch Series 2 only
| |
5.3.3 | 12.4.3 | 16U620 | October 29, 2019 | Apple Watch Series 1 and Apple Watch Series 2 only
| |
5.3.4 | 12.4.4 | 16U627[46] | December 10, 2019 |
| |
5.3.5 | 12.4.5 | 16U652[48] | February 18, 2020 |
No published security notes.[50] | |
5.3.6 | 12.4.6 | 16U662 | March 24, 2020 |
No published security notes.[50] | |
5.3.7 | 12.4.7 | 16U674 | May 18, 2020 |
| |
5.3.8 | 12.4.8 | 16U680 | July 15, 2020 |
No published security notes.[50] | |
5.3.9 | 12.4.9 | 16U693 | November 5, 2020 | Final version to support iPhone 5S, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus
|
watchOS 6
Apple announced a new version of watchOS that would contain features, such as the App Store, a calculator with tip tools, an audiobooks app, noise level monitoring, and Apple's Voice Memos app, at WWDC 2019 held on 3 June 2019.[51][52][53] It also enables special games that can only be played on the Watch interface. With this release, Apple dropped support for iPhone 5, 6 and 6 Plus. However, watchOS 6 has limited support on Apple Watch Series 1 and 2. watchOS 6.3 is the final release supported on the Apple Watch Series 1 and 2.
Table of versions: watchOS 6.x – Apple Watch[54] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Limited support on the Apple Watch Series 1 and Apple Watch Series 2. | |||||
watchOS version | iOS version based on | Build | Release date | Features | |
6.0 | 13.0 | 17R575 | September 19, 2019 |
Initial Release on Apple Watch Series 5 Not released for Apple Watch Series 1 and 2 Drops support for iPhone 5s, iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus
| |
6.0.1 | 13.1 | 17R604/17R605 | September 30, 2019 | Not released for Apple Watch Series 1 and 2
Improvements and bug fixes
| |
6.1 | 13.2 | 17S84 | October 29, 2019 | First version of watchOS 6.x to support Apple Watch Series 1 and 2
| |
6.1.1 | 13.3 | 17S449 | December 10, 2019 |
| |
6.1.2 | 13.3.1 | 17S796 | January 28, 2020 |
| |
6.1.3 | 17S811 | February 18, 2020 |
No published security notes.[50] | ||
6.2 | 13.4 | 17T529 | March 24, 2020 |
| |
6.2.1 | 13.4.1 | 17T530 | April 8, 2020 |
No published security notes.[50] | |
6.2.5 | 13.5 | 17T608 | May 18, 2020 |
| |
6.2.6 | 13.5.1 | 17T620 | June 1, 2020 |
| |
6.2.8 | 13.6 | 17U63 | July 15, 2020 |
| |
13.6.1 | August 12, 2020 | ||||
13.7 | September 1, 2020 | ||||
Post-watchOS 7 Updates for watches paired with an iOS 13.x iPhone (for users who deferred updating to iOS 14) | |||||
6.2.9 | 13.7 | 17U203 | November 5, 2020 | Apple Watch Series 1 and Apple Watch Series 2 only
| |
6.3 | 17U208 | December 14, 2020 | Final version to support the Apple Watch Series 1 and 2
|
watchOS 7
Apple announced watchOS 7 at the 2020 Worldwide Developers Conference on June 22, 2020. With watchOS 7, Apple dropped support for Apple Watch Series 1 and 2. However, watchOS 7 has limited support on Apple Watch Series 3.
Table of versions: watchOS 7.x – Apple Watch[55] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Limited support on the Apple Watch Series 3. | |||||
watchOS version | iOS version based on | Build | Release date | Features | |
7.0 | iOS 14.0 | 18R382 | September 16, 2020 |
Initial Release on Apple Watch SE and Apple Watch Series 6 Drops support for the Apple Watch Series 1 and Apple Watch Series 2
| |
7.0.1 | iOS 14.0.1 | 18R395 | September 24, 2020 |
No published security notes.[50] | |
7.0.2 | 18R402 | October 12, 2020 |
No published security notes.[50] | ||
7.0.3 | 18R410 | October 19, 2020 |
No published security notes.[50] | ||
7.1 | iOS 14.2 | 18R590 | November 5, 2020 |
| |
7.2 | 18S564 | December 14, 2020 |
| ||
7.3 | 18S801 | January 26, 2021 |
| ||
7.3.1 | 18S811 | February 15, 2021 |
No published security notes.[50] | ||
7.3.2 | 18S821 | March 8, 2021 |
| ||
7.3.3 | 18S830 | March 26, 2021 |
| ||
7.4 | iOS 14.5 | 18T195 | April 26, 2021 |
| |
7.4.1 | iOS 14.5.1 | 18T201 | May 3, 2021 |
| |
7.5 | iOS 14.6 | 18T567 | May 24, 2021 |
| |
7.6 | iOS 14.7 | 18U63 | July 19, 2021 |
| |
7.6.1 | iOS 14.7.1 | 18U70 | July 29, 2021 |
| |
7.6.2 | iOS 14.8 | 18U80 | September 13, 2021 |
|
watchOS 8
Apple announced watchOS 8 at the 2021 Worldwide Developers Conference on June 7, 2021. Apple Watch models supporting watchOS 7 can also support watchOS 8. However, like watchOS 7, watchOS 8 has limited support on Apple Watch Series 3. It is also the last version of watchOS to be supported on Apple Watch models with 32-bit processors.
Table of versions: watchOS 8.x – Apple Watch[57] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Limited support on the Apple Watch Series 3. | |||||
watchOS version | iOS version based on | Build | Release date | Features | |
8.0 | 15.0 | 19R343
19R346 |
September 20, 2021 | Initial release on Apple Watch Series 7. Build 13R346 is pre-installed only on Apple Watch Series 7 (GPS + Cellular).
| |
8.0.1 | 15.0.2 | 19R354 | October 11, 2021 |
No published security notes.[50] | |
8.1 | 15.1 | 19R570 | October 25, 2021 |
| |
8.1.1 | 19R580 | November 18, 2021 | Apple Watch Series 7 (GPS + Cellular) only
No published security notes.[50] | ||
8.3 | 15.2 | 19S55 | December 13, 2021 |
| |
8.4 | 15.3 | 19S546 | January 26, 2022 |
| |
8.4.1 | 19S550 | February 1, 2022 | Apple Watch Series 4 or later only
No published security notes.[50] | ||
8.4.2 | 15.3.1 | 19S553 | February 10, 2022 |
No published security notes.[50] | |
8.5 | 15.4 | 19T242 | March 14, 2022 |
| |
8.5.1 | 15.4.1 | 19T252 | March 31, 2022 |
No published security notes.[50] | |
8.6 | 15.5 | 19T572 | May 16, 2022 |
| |
8.7 | 15.6 | 19U66 | July 20, 2022 |
| |
8.7.1 | 15.6.1 | 19U67 | August 17, 2022 | Apple Watch Series 3 only
No published security notes.[50] | |
Post-watchOS 9 update for Series 3 and/or watches paired with an iOS 15.x iPhone (to support iPhone 6S, 6S Plus, SE (1st gen), 7 and 7 Plus) | |||||
8.8.1 | 15.7.7 | 19U512 | June 21, 2023 | Final version to support the Apple Watch Series 3, iPhone 6S, 6S Plus, SE (1st gen), 7, and 7 Plus |
watchOS 9
Apple announced watchOS 9 at the 2022 Worldwide Developers Conference on June 6, 2022. With this release, Apple dropped support for Apple Watch Series 3, making it the first version of watchOS to run exclusively on Apple Watch models with 64-bit processors.
Table of versions: watchOS 9.x – Apple Watch[59] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
watchOS version | iOS version based on | Build | Release date | Features | |
9.0 | 16.0 | 20R361 | September 12, 2022 | Initial release on Apple Watch Series 8, Apple Watch SE (2nd gen) and Apple Watch Ultra
Drops support for the Apple Watch Series 3, iPhone 6S, 6S Plus, SE (1st gen), 7 and 7 Plus
| |
9.0.1 | 20R8380 | September 22, 2022 | Apple Watch Ultra only
No published security notes.[50] | ||
9.0.2 | 20R8383 | October 10, 2022 |
No published security notes.[50] | ||
9.1 | 16.1 | 20S75 | October 24, 2022 |
| |
9.2 | 16.2 | 20S361 | December 13, 2022 | Security notes | |
9.3 | 16.3 | 20S648 | January 23, 2023 | Security notes | |
9.3.1 | 16.3.1 | 20S664 | February 13, 2023 | ||
9.4 | 16.4 | 20T253 | March 27, 2023 |
| |
9.5 | 16.5 | 20T562 | May 18, 2023 |
| |
9.5.1 | 20T570 | May 30, 2023 | |||
9.5.2 | 20T571 | June 21, 2023 | |||
9.6 | 16.6 | 20U73 | July 24, 2023 | ||
9.6.1 | 20U80 | August 15, 2023 | |||
9.6.2 | 16.6.1 | 20U90 | September 7, 2023 | Security notes | |
Post-watchOS 10 Updates for watches paired with an iOS 16.x iPhone (to support phones that iOS 17 does not support like iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, iPhone X) | |||||
9.6.3 | 20U502 | September 21, 2023 | Final version to support iPhone 8, 8 Plus and X |
watchOS 10
Apple announced watchOS 10 at the 2023 Worldwide Developers Conference on June 5, 2023. With this release, Apple dropped support for iPhone 8, 8 Plus and X. All Apple Watch models supporting watchOS 9 also support watchOS 10.[60]
Table of versions: watchOS 10.x – Apple Watch | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||
watchOS version | iOS version based on | Build | Release date | Features | |
10.0 | 17.0 | 21R356 | September 18, 2023 | Initial release on Apple Watch Series 9 and Apple Watch Ultra 2
Drops support for the iPhone 8, 8 Plus and X
| |
10.0.1 | 17.0.1 | 21R360 | September 21, 2023 | • Bug Fixes | |
10.0.2 | 17.0.2 | 21R371 | September 26, 2023 | Ultra 2 and Series 9 only
| |
10.1 RC | 17.1 RC | 21S67 | October 17, 2023 |
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External links
- watchOS – official site
- Apple security content – for details about watchOS security updates
- About watchOS 9 Updates – Apple's official watchOS 9 release notes