Water industry

The water industry provides drinking water and wastewater services (including sewage treatment) to residential, commercial, and industrial sectors of the economy. Typically public utilities operate water supply networks. The water industry does not include manufacturers and suppliers of bottled water, which is part of the beverage production and belongs to the food sector.

"water utility" redirects here. For hot water utilities, see district heating.
Drinking water

The water industry includes water engineering, operations, water and wastewater plant construction, equipment supply and specialist water treatment chemicals, among others.

The water industry is at the service of other industries, e.g. of the food sector which produces beverages such as bottled water.

Organizational structure

There are a variety of organizational structures for the water industry, with countries usually having one dominant traditional structure, which usually changes only gradually over time.

Ownership of water infrastructure and operations

Operations
  • local government operating the system through a municipal department, municipal company, or inter-municipal company
  • local government outsources operations to private sector, i.e. private water operators
  • national government operations
  • private water operators owns the system
    • BOTs - private sector building parts of a water system (such as a wastewater treatment plant) and operating it for an agreed period before transferring to public sector ownership and operation.
  • cooperation and NGO operators

Functions
  • Integrated water system (water supply, sewerage (sanitation) system, and wastewater treatment)
  • Separation by function (e.g. Dutch system where sewerage run by city, water supply by municipal or provincial companies, and water treatment by water boards), though some Water Supply Companies have merged beyond municipal or provincial borders.
  • Other separation (e.g. Munich, separated into three companies for bulk water supply, water and wastewater network operations, and retail)

Standards

Water quality standards and environmental standards relating to wastewater are usually set by national bodies.

Global companies

Using available data only, and during 2009 - 2010, the ten largest water companies active globally were (largest first) : [4] Veolia Environnement (France), Suez Environnement (France), ITT Corporation (US), United Utilities (UK), Severn Trent (UK), Thames Water (UK), American Water Works Company (US), GE Water (US), Kurita Water Industries (Japan), Nalco Water (US).

See also

References
  1. United States. Safe Drinking Water Act. Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 93–523; 88 Stat. 1660; 42 U.S.C. § 300f et seq. Approved 1974-12-16.
  2. United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972. Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 92–500 Approved 1972-10-18.
  3. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-04-08. Retrieved 2004-12-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) Watertime - the international context. Section 2
  4. "World's 10 Largest Water Companies". etcgroup.org ETC Group. 2012-01-18. Archived from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
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