Demographics of Ethiopia

The demographics of Ethiopia encompass the demographic features of inhabitants in Ethiopia, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

For the national origin group of Ethiopia, see Ethiopians.

Demographics of Ethiopia
Ethiopia population pyramid in 2020
Population120,283,026[1][2]
Density109.3 people per.sq.km
Growth rate2.5% (2021) (22th)
Birth rate32.4 births/1,000 population (2021)
Death rate6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2021)
Life expectancy68.25 years (2022 est.)
 • male66.12 years (2022 est.)
 • female70.44 years (2022 est.)
Fertility rate4.16 children born/woman (2021)
Infant mortality rate34.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2021)
Sex ratio
At birth1.03 male(s)/female (2013 est.)
Under 151.00 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
15–64 years0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
65 and over0.95 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Nationality
Major ethnicSee Ethnic Groups of Ethiopia
Language
OfficialSee Languages of Ethiopia

Ethnic groups
Main article: List of ethnic groups in Ethiopia
Ethnic groups in Ethiopia (2007 census)[3]
Ethnic group percent
Oromo
 
 34.5%
Amhara
 
 26.9%
Somali
 
 6.2%
Tigray
 
 6.1%
Sidama
 
 4.0%
Gurage
 
 2.5%
Welayta
 
 2.3%
Hadiya
 
 1.7%
Afar
 
 1.7%
Gamo
 
 1.5%
others
 
 12.6%

Ethiopia's population is highly diverse, containing over 80 different ethnic groups, the four largest of which are the Oromo, Amhara, Somali and Tigrayans. According to the Ethiopian national census of 2007, the Oromo are the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia, at 34.4% of the nation's population. The Amhara represent 27.0% of the country's inhabitants, while Somalis and Tigrayans represent 6.2% and 6.1% of the population respectively. Other prominent ethnic groups are as follows: Sidama 4.0%, Gurage 2.5%, Welayta 2.3%, Afar 1.7%, Hadiya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5% and Others 12.6%. [3]

Afroasiatic-speaking communities make up the majority of the population. Among these, Semitic speakers often collectively refer to themselves as the Habesha people. The Arabic form of this term (al-Ḥabasha) is the etymological basis of "Abyssinia", the former name of Ethiopia in English and other European languages.[4] Additionally, Nilo-Saharan-speaking ethnic minorities inhabit the southern regions of the country, particularly in areas of the Gambela Region which borders South Sudan. The largest ethnic groups among these include the Nuer and Anuak.The Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region, being an amalgam of the main homelands of numerous ethnicities, contains over 56 indigenous ethnic groups.[5]

Languages
Main article: Languages of Ethiopia

According to the bibliographic database Glottolog, there are 109 languages spoken in Ethiopia; meanwhile, Ethnologue lists 90 individual languages spoken in the country.[6][7] Most people in the country speak Afroasiatic languages of the Cushitic or Semitic branches, including the Oromo language, Somali, Amharic, and Tigrinya. Together, these four groups make up about three-quarters of Ethiopia's population. Other Afroasiatic languages with a significant number of speakers include the Cushitic Sidamo, Afar, Hadiyya and Agaw languages, as well as the Semitic Gurage languages, Harari, Silt'e, and Argobba languages. Arabic, which also belongs to the Afroasiatic family, is likewise spoken in some areas.[8]

The principal Semitic language of the north-west and centre of the country is Amharic, which is the language of the Amhara Region. Moreover, Amharic is also one of the official working languages of Ethiopia.[9][10][11]

Oromo serves as one of the official working languages of Ethiopia[9][10][11] and is also the working language of several of the states within the Ethiopian federal system including Oromia,[12] Harar and Dire Dawa regional states and of the Oromia Zone in the Amhara Region.

Modern contraception utilization

Only 28.1% within the ages of 15–49 years used modern contraceptives, according to the data from 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey.[13]

Religion
Main article: Religion in Ethiopia
Religion in Ethiopia in 2015 by ARDA[14]
Ethiopian Orthodox
 
 42.1%
Islam
 
 34.6%
Protestant
 
 20.8%
Traditional faiths
 
 1.4%
Roman Catholic
 
 0.6%
Other and No religion
 
 0.1%

Various religions are adhered to in Ethiopia. Most Christians live in the highlands, whereas Muslims mainly inhabit the lowlands. Adherents of traditional faiths are primarily concentrated in the southern regions.

According to the Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency (2007 census), the national religious composition is Ethiopian Orthodox 43.5%, Protestantism 18.6%, Roman Catholicism 0.7%, Islam 33.9%, traditional 2.6%, and others 0.6%.[15]

Population
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1 1,000,000—    
1500 6,000,000+0.12%
1900 10,742,000+0.15%
2000 63,000,000+1.78%
2011 85,555,555+2.82%
2012 84,320,987−1.44%
2013 86,613,986+2.72%

Source: Central Statistical Agency (CSA)[16]

Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world.[17] Its total population has grown from 38.1 million in 1983 to 109.5 million in 2018.[18] The population was only about nine million in the 19th century.[19] The 2007 Population and Housing Census results show that the population of Ethiopia grew at an average annual rate of 2.6% between 1994 and 2007, down from 2.8% during the period 1983–1994. As of 2015, the population growth rate is among the top ten countries in the world.[20] According to UN estimations, life expectancy in Ethiopia had improved over time, with male life expectancy reported to be 56 years and for women 60 years.[21]

UN estimates
Population, fertility rate and net reproduction rate, United Nations estimates

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[1][2], the total population was 120,283,026 in 2021, compared to 18,434,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.5%, 55.8% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% was 65 years or older. The average age was 25.1.[22]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 18 434 00044.152.93
1955 20 298 00043.953.32.8
1960 22 553 00043.553.82.6
1965 25 480 00043.553.92.6
1970 28 959 00044.153.32.7
1975 32 959 00044.552.72.8
1980 35 426 00044.552.62.9
1985 41 078 00044.652.62.9
1990 48 333 00045.452.12.9
1995 57 042 00045.951.22.9
2000 65 578 00045.951.13.0
2005 74 264 00044.552.43.1
2010 82 950 00041.555.23.3

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Estimates considering also the results of the 2007 Population Census.):[23]

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 50 501 054 50 195 689 100 696 744 100
0–4 6 928 657 6 696 036 13 624 693 13.53
5–9 6 556 462 6 386 585 12 943 045 12.85
10–14 5 953 639 5 819 250 11 772 889 11.69
15–19 5 590 667 5 450 660 11 041 324 10.96
20–24 5 047 253 4 902 329 9 949 582 9.88
25–29 4 406 798 4 348 582 8 755 379 8.69
30–34 3 687 268 3 768 246 7 455 512 7.40
35–39 2 990 405 3 135 347 6 125 754 6.08
40–44 2 394 320 2 528 749 4 923 071 4.89
45–49 1 843 822 1 962 667 3 806 489 3.78
50–54 1 472 263 1 548 292 3 020 553 3.00
55–59 1 156 765 1 177 778 2 334 541 2.32
60–64 883 392 899 303 1 782 694 1.77
65–69 639 745 643 776 1 283 523 1.27
70–74 444 339 441 554 885 894 0.88
75–79 276 955 273 976 550 928 0.55
80+ 228 308 212 565 440 871 0.44
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 19 438 758 18 901 871 38 340 629 38.08
15–64 29 472 949 29 721 947 59 194 896 58.79
65+ 1 589 347 1 571 871 3 161 218 3.14

UN projections

Below are the UN's medium variant projections:[24][22]

UN population projections for Ethiopia (medium variant)
YearPop.±% p.a.
2022121,822,590—    
2025 131,322,576+2.53%
2030 147,649,901+2.37%
2035 164,079,192+2.13%
2040 180,415,091+1.92%
2045 196,839,709+1.76%
2050 213,190,071+1.61%

Vital statistics

Registration of vital events in Ethiopia is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates: [24]

Year Population (thousands) Live births (thousands) Deaths (thousands) Natural change (thousands) CBR CDR NC TFR IMR Life expectancy (years)
1950 17 710   875   494   381 49.4 27.9 21.5 7.35 199.4 36.35
1951   18 101   890   498   392 49.1 27.5 21.6 7.30 198.1 36.60
1952   18 497   899   502   397 48.6 27.1 21.5 7.20 195.4 36.82
1953   18 892   910   503   407 48.1 26.6 21.5 7.12 192.3 37.23
1954   19 292   921   505   416 47.7 26.2 21.5 7.05 189.1 37.54
1955   19 704   934   507   428 47.4 25.7 21.7 6.99 185.6 37.96
1956   20 128   951   509   442 47.2 25.3 21.9 6.95 181.9 38.34
1957   20 499   967   643   324 47.2 31.4 15.8 6.92 216.3 32.39
1958   20 817   985   636   349 47.3 30.5 16.8 6.90 211.8 32.94
1959   21 227   1 007   502   505 47.4 23.6 23.8 6.89 169.9 39.86
1960   21 740   1 032   508   524 47.5 23.3 24.1 6.88 165.8 40.33
1961   22 282   1 060   509   551 47.6 22.9 24.7 6.88 161.8 41.00
1962   22 852   1 090   516   574 47.7 22.6 25.1 6.88 158.0 41.40
1963   23 449   1 121   520   601 47.8 22.2 25.6 6.87 154.6 41.96
1964   24 074   1 157   529   628 48.0 22.0 26.1 6.87 151.6 42.28
1965   24 728   1 193   541   652 48.3 21.9 26.4 6.86 149.6 42.44
1966   25 378   1 230   607   622 48.5 23.9 24.5 6.87 160.6 40.15
1967   26 052   1 268   566   702 48.7 21.7 26.9 6.88 146.5 42.69
1968   26 779   1 308   580   728 48.8 21.7 27.2 6.90 146.2 42.84
1969   27 530   1 358   599   759 49.3 21.8 27.5 6.94 146.0 42.83
1970   28 308   1 399   618   781 49.4 21.8 27.6 6.98 145.7 42.82
1971   29 100   1 442   634   807 49.5 21.8 27.7 7.02 145.4 42.89
1972   29 891   1 481   687   794 49.5 23.0 26.6 7.06 152.0 41.55
1973   30 694   1 517   702   815 49.4 22.9 26.5 7.09 151.6 41.64
1974   31 489   1 561   783   778 49.6 24.9 24.7 7.12 163.2 39.45
1975   32 253   1 601   803   798 49.6 24.9 24.7 7.14 163.0 39.36
1976   33 062   1 644   744   900 49.7 22.5 27.2 7.19 147.9 41.90
1977   33 695   1 694   766   929 49.9 22.5 27.3 7.26 147.6 41.89
1978   34 259   1 712   774   937 49.8 22.5 27.3 7.30 147.1 41.90
1979   34 759   1 750   766   985 49.8 21.8 28.0 7.31 143.4 42.81
1980   34 945   1 764   761   1 004 49.8 21.5 28.3 7.33 141.9 43.22
1981   35 819   1 771   752   1 018 49.9 21.2 28.7 7.36 140.4 43.61
1982   37 213   1 858   782   1 076 50.0 21.0 28.9 7.37 138.6 43.77
1983   38 235   1 917   1 084   833 50.2 28.4 21.8 7.38 180.9 36.04
1984   39 203   1 985   1 088   897 50.7 27.8 22.9 7.40 177.5 36.43
1985   40 286   2 052   1 077   974 51.0 26.8 24.2 7.38 171.4 37.36
1986   41 455   2 111   1 090   1 021 51.0 26.4 24.7 7.36 167.9 37.81
1987   42 852   2 168   833   1 335 50.7 19.5 31.2 7.34 126.6 45.44
1988   44 512   2 230   877   1 353 50.3 19.8 30.5 7.30 125.1 45.06
1989   46 196   2 304   911   1 394 50.0 19.8 30.2 7.27 123.1 45.04
1990   47 878   2 389   957   1 432 50.1 20.1 30.0 7.24 122.0 44.56
1991   49 937   2 466   935   1 531 49.8 18.9 30.9 7.21 117.6 46.13
1992   52 012   2 548   950   1 598 49.1 18.3 30.8 7.16 114.3 46.90
1993   53 792   2 618   957   1 661 48.7 17.8 30.9 7.13 111.1 47.39
1994   55 620   2 677   964   1 714 48.2 17.3 30.8 7.08 107.7 47.86
1995   57 477   2 737   970   1 767 47.6 16.9 30.8 7.01 104.1 48.30
1996   59 348   2 811   968   1 843 47.4 16.3 31.1 6.92 100.5 48.92
1997   61 233   2 865   968   1 897 46.8 15.8 31.0 6.85 97.1 49.51
1998   63 136   2 895   973   1 921 45.8 15.4 30.4 6.75 93.7 49.93
1999   65 078   2 946   1 011   1 935 45.3 15.5 29.7 6.65 90.9 49.43
2000   67 032   2 984   990   1 995 44.5 14.8 29.7 6.56 87.2 50.54
2001   69 019   3 040   991   2 048 44.0 14.4 29.7 6.46 83.9 51.04
2002   71 073   3 085   992   2 092 43.4 14.0 29.4 6.37 80.3 51.52
2003   73 169   3 096   970   2 126 42.3 13.3 29.0 6.24 76.8 52.53
2004   75 301   3 138   960   2 178 41.7 12.7 28.9 6.11 73.1 53.24
2005   77 470   3 177   948   2 230 41.0 12.2 28.8 5.97 69.6 54.01
2006   79 691   3 207   920   2 287 40.2 11.5 28.7 5.85 66.3 55.15
2007   81 996   3 240   886   2 354 39.5 10.8 28.7 5.74 62.8 56.43
2008   84 357   3 245   856   2 389 38.5 10.1 28.3 5.57 59.8 57.59
2009   86 756   3 235   823   2 412 37.3 9.5 27.8 5.39 57.1 58.80
2010   89 238   3 259   803   2 456 36.5 9.0 27.5 5.22 54.4 59.73
2011   91 818   3 290   782   2 508 35.8 8.5 27.3 5.05 51.9 60.72
2012   94 451   3 289   766   2 523 34.8 8.1 26.7 4.88 49.6 61.54
2013   97 084   3 294   751   2 543 33.9 7.7 26.2 4.72 47.4 62.37
2014   99 747   3 346   748   2 598 33.6 7.5 26.1 4.61 45.2 62.91
2015   102 472   3 425   739   2 687 33.4 7.2 26.2 4.53 43.2 63.65
2016   105 293   3 507   729   2 777 33.3 6.9 26.4 4.47 41.4 64.39
2017   108 198   3 577   732   2 844 33.1 6.8 26.3 4.39 39.6 64.84
2018   111 129   3 668   730   2 937 33.0 6.6 26.4 4.34 38.0 65.41
2019   114 121   3 781   735   3 046 33.1 6.4 26.7 4.32 36.6 65.84
2020   117 191   3 842   775   3 066 32.8 6.6 26.2 4.24 35.4 65.37
2021   120 283   3 896   815   3 081 32.4 6.8 25.6 4.16 34.4 64.98

CBR = crude birth rate (per 1,000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1,000); NC = natural change (per 1,000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1,000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1,000 births

Source: UN World Population Prospects

Total fertility rate in Ethiopia (census 2007)

As per 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia [25]

Region Urban TFR Rural TFR Total TFR (U+R)
Ethiopia (Country Total)2,2204,6504,160
Tigray Region2,9154,9054,440
Affar Region2,4402,0002,075
Amhara Region2,1354,5404,175
Oromia Region2,6355,2354,845
Somali Region2,1751,9852,010
Benishangul – Gumuz Region3,0054,8004,520
S.N.N.P Region2,7504,7154,495
Gambella Region2,7252,9302,885
Harari Region1,7254,7252,885
Addis Ababa City Administration1,485-1,485
Dira Dawa City Administration2,1555,4552,985
Region 173,2102,5852,845

Fertility and Births (Demographic and Health Surveys)

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[26]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
2000 41.3 5.9 (4.9) 30.7 3.3 (2.7) 42.9 6.4 (5.4)
2005 35.7 5.4 (4.0) 23.4 2.4 (1.8) 37.3 6.0 (4.5)
2011 34.5 4.8 (3.8) 26.4 2.6 36.2 5.5
2016 31.8 4.6 (3.6) 23.9 2.3 (2.1) 33.2 5.2 (4.0)
2019 26.5 4.1 24.6 3.2 27.2 4.5

Fertility data as of 2011 (DHS Program):[27]

Region Total fertility rate Percentage of women age 15–49 currently pregnant Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49
Tigray4.67.26.4
Afar5.09.97.3
Amhara4.24.76.9
Oromiya5.68.37.1
Somali7.112.47.9
Benishangul-Gumuz5.210.26.6
SNNP4.99.37.3
Gambela4.05.75.6
Harari3.86.75.5
Addis Ababa1.53.63.3
Dire Dawa3.47.24.8

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019.[28]

  • One birth every 9 seconds
  • One death every 43 seconds
  • One net migrant every 144 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 11 seconds

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook.[29]

Population
116,462,712 (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 12th
120,283,026 (estimate for 2021)[1][2]

Ethnic groups

Oromo 35.8%, Amhara 24.1%, Somali 7.2%, Tigray 5.7%, Sidama 4.1%, Guragie 2.6%, Welaita 2.3%, Afar 2.2%, Silte 1.3%, Kefficho 1.2%, other 13.5% (2022 est.)

Religions

Ethiopian Orthodox 43.8%, Muslim 31.3%, Protestant 22.8%, Catholic 0.7%, traditional 0.6%, other 0.8% (2016 est.)

Age structure
Population pyramid of Ethiopia in 2020
0-14 years: 38.91% (male 22,821,026/female 22,498,331)
15-64 years: 57.55% (male 33,345,764/female 33,672,933)
65 years and over: 3.54% (male 1,887,831/female 2,236,827) (2023 est.)
0–14 years: 39.81% (male 21,657,152/female 21,381,628)
15–24 years: 19.47% (male 10,506,144/female 10,542,128)
25–54 years: 32.92% (male 17,720,540/female 17,867,298)
55–64 years: 4.42% (male 2,350,606/female 2,433,319)
65 years and over: 3.38% (male 1,676,478/female 1,977,857) (2020 est.)
0–14 years: 43.21% (male 23,494,593 /female 23,336,508)
15–24 years: 20.18% (male 10,857,968 /female 11,011,100)
25–54 years: 29.73% (male 15,978,384 /female 16,247,086)
55–64 years: 3.92% (male 2,059,129 /female 2,185,814)
65 years and over: 2.97% (male 1,445,547 /female 1,770,262) (2018 est.)
0–14 years: 43.94% (male 21,900,571/female 21,809,643)
15–24 years: 19.98% (male 9,865,976/female 10,009,596)
25–54 years: 29.31% (male 14,487,280/female 14,667,179)
55–64 years: 3.88% (male 1,882,315/female 1,981,762)
65 years and over: 2.88% (male 1,289,336/female 1,572,161) (2015 est.)

Population growth rate
2.42% (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 25th
2.46% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 25th
2.83% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 11th
2.89% (2015 est.)

Birth rate
29.97 births/1,000 population (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th
30.49 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 29th
36 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 17th
37.27 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)

Death rate
5.6 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 176rd
5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 173rd
7.5 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 110th
8.19 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)

Total fertility rate
3.92 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 28th
3.99 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 28th
4.91 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 15th
5.15 children born/woman (2015 est.)

Median age
total: 19.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 197th
male: 19.6 years
female: 20.1 years (2020 est.)
total: 18 years. Country comparison to the world: 213rd
male: 17.8 years
female: 18.2 years (2018 est.)
total: 17.7 years
male: 17.5 years
female: 17.8 years (2015 est.)

Net migration rate
-0.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 109th
-0.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 107th

Mother's mean age at first birth
19.3 years (2019 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 20–49
20 years (2016 est.)
note: median age at first birth among women 25–29

Contraceptive prevalence rate
37.7% (2020)
36.5% (2017)

Urbanization
urban population: 23.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 4.4% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)
urban population: 20.8% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanization: 4.63% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
urban population: 19.5% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 4.89% annual rate of change (2010–15 est.)

Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 75.7 (2021 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 70.2 (2021 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 5.5 (2021 est.)
potential support ratio: 18.1 (2021 est.)

Sex ratio
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2023 est.)

Life expectancy at birth
Life expectancy in Ethiopia since 1950
Life expectancy in Ethiopia since 1960 by gender
total population: 68.59 years. Country comparison to the world: 183rd
male: 66.43 years
female: 70.81 years (2023 est.)
total population: 63 years
male: 60.5 years
female: 65.5 years (2018 est.)
total population: 61.48 years
male: 59.11 years
female: 63.93 years (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS
adult prevalence rate: 1.15%
people living with HIV/AIDS: 730,300
deaths: 23,400 (2014 est.)

Literacy
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 51.8%
male: 57.2%
female: 44.4% (2017)
total population: 49.1%
male: 57.2%
female: 41.1% (2015 est.)

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 8 years (2012)
male: 9 years (2012)
female: 8 years (2012)

Major infectious diseases
degree of risk: very high (2023)
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne diseases: malaria and dengue fever
water contact diseases: schistosomiasis
animal contact diseases: rabies
respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis

note: on 21 March 2022, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a Travel Alert for polio in Africa; Ethiopia is currently considered a high risk to travelers for circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPV); vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) is a strain of the weakened poliovirus that was initially included in oral polio vaccine (OPV) and that has changed over time and behaves more like the wild or naturally occurring virus; this means it can be spread more easily to people who are unvaccinated against polio and who come in contact with the stool or respiratory secretions, such as from a sneeze, of an “infected” person who received oral polio vaccine; the CDC recommends that before any international travel, anyone unvaccinated, incompletely vaccinated, or with an unknown polio vaccination status should complete the routine polio vaccine series; before travel to any high-risk destination, CDC recommends that adults who previously completed the full, routine polio vaccine series receive a single, lifetime booster dose of polio vaccine

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
total: 5,7 % (2021 est.)
male: 4.4 % (2021 est.)
female: 7.2 % (2021 est.)

See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Ethiopia.

References
  1. "World Population Prospects 2022". population.un.org. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.
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