Unforgiven

Unforgiven is a 1992 American Western film starring, directed, and produced by Clint Eastwood, and written by David Webb Peoples. The film tells the story of William Munny, an aging outlaw and killer who takes on one more job, years after he had turned to farming. The film co-stars Gene Hackman, Morgan Freeman, and Richard Harris.

Unforgiven
Theatrical release poster by Bill Gold
Directed byClint Eastwood
Written byDavid Webb Peoples
Produced byClint Eastwood
Starring
CinematographyJack N. Green
Edited byJoel Cox
Music byLennie Niehaus
Production
company
Distributed byWarner Bros.
Release dates
  • August 3, 1992 (1992-08-03) (Mann Bruin Theater)
  • August 7, 1992 (1992-08-07) (United States)
Running time
131 minutes[1]
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$14.4 million[2]
Box office$159.2 million[2]

Unforgiven grossed over $159 million on a budget of $14.4 million and received widespread critical acclaim, with praise for the acting (particularly from Eastwood and Hackman), directing, editing, themes and cinematography. The film won four Academy Awards: Best Picture and Best Director for Eastwood, Best Supporting Actor for Hackman, and Best Film Editing for Joel Cox. Eastwood was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, but he lost to Al Pacino for Scent of a Woman.[3] The film was the third Western to win Best Picture,[4] following Cimarron (1931) and Dances with Wolves (1990). Eastwood dedicated the film to directors and mentors Sergio Leone and Don Siegel.

In 2004, Unforgiven was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[5] The film was remade into a 2013 Japanese film, also titled Unforgiven, which stars Ken Watanabe and changes the setting to the early Meiji era in Japan. Eastwood has long asserted that the film would be his last traditional Western, concerned that any future projects would simply rehash previous plotlines or imitate someone else's work.[6]

Plot

In 1880, in Big Whiskey, Wyoming, a cowboy—Quick Mike—slashes prostitute Delilah Fitzgerald's face with a knife, permanently disfiguring her, after she laughs at his small penis. As punishment, sheriff "Little Bill" Daggett orders Mike and his associate who was with him at the brothel, Davey Bunting, to turn over several of their horses to her employer, Skinny DuBois, for his loss of revenue. Outraged, the prostitutes offer a $1,000 bounty for the cowboys' deaths.

In Hodgeman County, Kansas, a boastful young man visits Will Munny's hog farm. He calls himself the "Schofield Kid" and claims to be an experienced bounty hunter looking for help pursuing the cowboys. Formerly a notorious outlaw and murderer, Will is now a repentant widower raising two children. After initially refusing to help, Will realizes that his farm is failing and that his children's future is in jeopardy. He recruits his friend Ned Logan, another retired outlaw, and they catch up with the Kid, who they discover is severely near-sighted.

Back in Big Whiskey, British-born gunfighter "English" Bob, an old acquaintance and rival of Little Bill, seeks the bounty. He arrives in town with his biographer W. W. Beauchamp, who naively believes Bob's tall tales. Enforcing the town's anti-gun law, Little Bill and his deputies disarm Bob, and the Sheriff beats him savagely to discourage others from attempting to claim the bounty. Little Bill humiliates Bob and banishes him from town the next morning, but Beauchamp stays out of a fascination with the Sheriff, who debunks many of the romantic notions Beauchamp has about the Wild West. Little Bill explains to Beauchamp that the best attribute for a gunslinger is to be cool-headed under fire rather than to have the quickest draw, and to always kill the best shooter first.

Will, Ned and the Kid arrive in town during a rainstorm and head to Skinny's saloon. While Ned and the Kid meet with the prostitutes upstairs, Little Bill confronts a feverish Will. Not realizing Will's identity but correctly guessing that he wants the bounty, Bill confiscates his pistol and beats him. Ned and the Kid escape through a back window and take Will to an unoccupied barn outside of town, where they and the prostitutes nurse him back to health. A few days later, the trio ambush Davey. After missing Davey and hitting his horse, Ned falters and Will shoots Davey instead. Ned decides to quit and sets off back to Kansas.

Ned is later captured and flogged to death by Little Bill to learn the whereabouts of Will and the Kid. Will takes the Kid with him to the cowboys' ranch, directing him to ambush Quick Mike in the outhouse and shoot him. After they escape, a distraught Kid drunkenly confesses he had never killed anyone before and is overcome with remorse. A prostitute arrives with the reward and tells them about Ned's fate. Shocked by the news, Will begins drinking and demands the Kid's revolver. The Kid hands it over, saying that he no longer wants to be a killer, and Will sends him back to Kansas to distribute the reward.

That night, Will finds Ned's corpse displayed in a coffin outside Skinny's saloon as a warning to bounty hunters. Inside, Little Bill and his deputies are organizing a posse. Will walks in alone, brandishing a shotgun and kills Skinny for displaying Ned's corpse. He then takes aim at Little Bill, only for the shotgun to misfire. In the ensuing gunfight, Will shoots Little Bill and four deputies with the revolver. He then orders the rest of the posse out. Beauchamp lingers briefly to ask how Will survived; Will replies that it was luck and scares him away. Little Bill tries and fails to take another shot while lying on the floor, then bemoans his fate and curses Will, who shoots him dead. Will shouts threats as he mounts his horse and rides out of town.

A closing title card states that Will's mother-in-law found his farm abandoned years later, Will having possibly moved to San Francisco with the children, where he prospered in dry goods, and she remained at a loss to understand why her daughter married such a notorious outlaw and murderer.

Cast

Production

The film was written by David Webb Peoples, who had written the Oscar nominated film The Day After Trinity and co-written Blade Runner with Hampton Fancher.[7] The concept for the film dated to 1976, when it was developed under the titles The Cut-Whore Killings and The William Munny Killings.[7] the script was originally optioned by Francis Ford Coppola, despite Coppola's interest he failed to the raise the money to develop the project any further.[8][9] By Eastwood's own recollection, he was given the script in the "early 80s" although he did not immediately pursue it, because, according to him, "I thought I should do some other things first".[10] Eastwood personally phoned Harris to offer him the role of English Bob, and later said Harris was watching Eastwood's movie High Plains Drifter at the time of the phone call, leading to Harris thinking it was a prank.[11]

Filming took place between August 26, 1991, and November 12, 1991.[12] Much of the cinematography for the film was shot in Alberta in August 1991 by director of photography Jack Green.[13] Production designer Henry Bumstead, who had worked with Eastwood on High Plains Drifter, was hired to create the "drained, wintry look" of the western.[13] The railroad scenes were filmed on the Sierra Railroad in Tuolumne County, California.[14]

Themes

Like other Revisionist Westerns, Unforgiven is primarily concerned with deconstructing the morally black-and-white vision of the American West which was established by traditional works in the genre, as the script is saturated with unnerving reminders of the now teetotal Munny's own horrific past as a drunken murderer and gunfighter who is haunted by the lives he's taken,[15] while the film as a whole "reflects a reverse image of classical Western tropes": the protagonists, rather than avenging a God-fearing innocent, are hired to collect a bounty offered by a group of prostitutes. Men who claim to be fearless killers are variously exposed as being either cowards, weaklings, or self-promoting liars, while others find that they no longer have it in them to take yet another life. A writer with no concept of the harshness and cruelty of frontier life publishes stories which glorify common criminals as infallible men of honor. The law is represented by a pitiless and cynical former gun-slinger whose idea of justice is often swift and without mercy, and while the main protagonist initially tries to resist his own violent impulses, the murder of his old friend drives him to become the same cold-blooded killer he once was, suggesting that a Western hero is not necessarily "the good guy", but is instead "just the one who survived".[16]

Film scholar Allen Redmon describes Munny's role as an anti-hero by stating he is "a virtuous or an injured hero [who] overcomes all obstacles to see that evil is eradicated, using whatever means necessary".[17]

Literary allusions

Unforgiven shares many parallels with Homer's Iliad, in characters and themes. "In both works, the protagonists - Achilles and William Munny - are self-questioning warriors who temporarily reject the culture of violence only to return to it after the death of their closest male friend, in which they are implicated."[18] Munny and Achilles have the same dilemma between fate and counter-fate. They know that their fate is being a warrior and likely dying that way, however they both try to reject it for at least some time. Munny continually claims he has changed and "ain't like that no more" referring to his warrior-like hitman past, whereas Achilles continually refuses to be a soldier in the Greek army since he condemns Agamemnon for not stopping the war when he could have.

Neither wants to kill for causes from their past (Munny being an outlaw, Achilles being a warrior-king) since they find them unjust. Both are committed to a "higher" cause—Munny to his children and his wife's wishes, and Achilles to the injustice of women-stealing and to Briseis, who at one point he would've had to sacrifice to Agamemnon to stop the war.

However, when their best friends are killed—Achilles' Patroclus and Munny's Ned—they allow their rage and desire for vengeance to make them return to their warrior-prescribed fate. Achilles rages against the Trojans and kills many. He gets vengeance by killing Hector and desecrating his corpse, dragging it around the town. Munny rages against Little Bill and his crew. He gets vengeance by killing them and Little Bill, threatening to kill anyone who opposes him.

There are however relevant differences in Homer's epic and Eastwood's film, namely that Achilles is fated to die in battle, whereas Munny moves to California at the end of the film to become a businessman to provide for his kids. Whether Munny has successfully countered his warrior-fate is unclear, as is whether a life in dry goods redeems him as his love for his wife had done.

Reception

Box office

The film debuted at the top position in its opening weekend.[19][20] Its earnings of $15 million ($7,252 average from 2,071 theaters) in its opening weekend was the best-ever opening for a Clint Eastwood film at that time.[21] This was also the highest August opening weekend, holding that record until it was surpassed a year later by The Fugitive.[22] It spent a total of three weeks as the No. 1 film in North America. In its 35th weekend (April 2–4, 1993), capitalizing on its Oscar wins, the film returned to the Top 10 (spending another three weeks total there), ranking at No. 8 with a gross of $2.5 million ($2,969 average from 855 theaters), an improvement of 197 percent over the weekend before where it made $855,188 ($1,767 average from 484 theaters). The film closed on July 15, 1993, having spent nearly a full year in theaters (343 days / 49 weeks), having earned $101.2 million in North America, and another $58 million internationally for a total of $159.2 million worldwide.[23]

Critical response

Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports an approval rating of 96% based on 109 reviews, and an average rating of 8.80/10. The website's critical consensus states: "As both director and star, Clint Eastwood strips away decades of Hollywood varnish applied to the Wild West, and emerges with a series of harshly eloquent statements about the nature of violence."[24] Metacritic gave the film a score of 85 out of 100 based on 34 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[25] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[26]

Jack Methews of the Los Angeles Times described Unforgiven as "the finest classical western to come along since perhaps John Ford's 1956 The Searchers." Richard Corliss in Time wrote that the film was "Eastwood's meditation on age, repute, courage, heroism—on all those burdens he has been carrying with such grace for decades."[21] Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert criticized the work, though the latter gave it a positive vote, for being too long and having too many superfluous characters (such as Harris' English Bob, who enters and leaves without meeting the protagonists). Despite his initial reservations, Ebert eventually included the film in his "The Great Movies" list.[27]

Unforgiven was named one of the ten best films of the year on 76 critics' lists, according to a poll of the nation's top 106 film critics.[28]

Accolades

Award Category Nominee(s) Result
20/20 Awards Best Picture Clint Eastwood Won
Best Director Nominated
Best Actor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Gene Hackman Nominated
Best Original Screenplay David Webb Peoples Nominated
Best Art Direction Henry Bumstead Nominated
Best Cinematography Jack N. Green Nominated
Best Film Editing Joel Cox Nominated
Best Sound Design Nominated
Academy Awards[29] Best Picture Clint Eastwood Won
Best Director Won
Best Actor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Gene Hackman Won
Best Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screen David Webb Peoples Nominated
Best Art Direction Art Direction: Henry Bumstead;
Set Decoration: Janice Blackie-Goodine
Nominated
Best Cinematography Jack N. Green Nominated
Best Film Editing Joel Cox Won
Best Sound Les Fresholtz, Vern Poore, Dick Alexander and Rob Young Nominated
American Cinema Editors Awards Best Edited Feature Film Joel Cox Won
ASECAN Awards Best Foreign Film Clint Eastwood Won
Awards Circuit Community Awards Best Motion Picture Nominated
Best Director Nominated
Best Actor in a Leading Role Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Gene Hackman Nominated
Best Original Screenplay David Webb Peoples Nominated
Best Cinematography Jack N. Green Won
Best Costume Design Glenn Wright, Valerie T. O'Brien, Joanne Hansen and Carla Hetland Nominated
Best Film Editing Joel Cox Won
Best Original Score Lennie Niehaus Nominated
Best Production Design Henry Bumstead and Janice Blackie-Goodine Nominated
Best Sound Les Fresholtz, Vern Poore, Rick Alexander, Rob Young, Alan Robert Murray and Walter Newman Nominated
Best Cast Ensemble Nominated
BMI Film & TV Awards Film Music Award Lennie Niehaus Won
Boston Society of Film Critics Awards[30] Best Film Won
Best Supporting Actor Gene Hackman Won
Best Cinematography Jack N. Green Won
British Academy Film Awards[31] Best Film Clint Eastwood Nominated
Best Direction Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Gene Hackman Won
Best Original Screenplay David Webb Peoples Nominated
Best Cinematography John N. Green Nominated
Best Sound Alan Robert Murray, Walter Newman, Rob Young, Les Fresholtz, Vern Poore and Dick Alexander Nominated
Cahiers du Cinéma Best Film Clint Eastwood 4th Place
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards[32] Best Film Nominated
Best Director Clint Eastwood Nominated
Best Actor Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Gene Hackman Nominated
Best Screenplay David Webb Peoples Nominated
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards Best Film Won
Best Director Clint Eastwood Won
Best Supporting Actor Gene Hackman Won
Best Screenplay David Webb Peoples Won
Best Cinematography Jack N. Green Won
Directors Guild of America Awards[33] Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures Clint Eastwood Won
Edgar Allan Poe Awards[34] Best Motion Picture David Webb Peoples Nominated
Fotogramas de Plata Best Foreign Film Clint Eastwood Won
Golden Globe Awards[35] Best Motion Picture – Drama Nominated
Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture Gene Hackman Won
Best Director – Motion Picture Clint Eastwood Won
Best Screenplay – Motion Picture David Webb Peoples Nominated
Hochi Film Awards Best Foreign Language Film Clint Eastwood Won
Japan Academy Film Prize Outstanding Foreign Language Film Nominated
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Awards[36] Best Film Won[lower-alpha 1]
Best Director Clint Eastwood Won
Best Supporting Actor Gene Hackman Won
Kinema Junpo Awards Best Foreign Language Film Clint Eastwood Won
London Film Critics Circle Awards Film of the Year Won
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards[37] Best Film Won
Best Director Clint Eastwood Won
Best Actor Won
Best Supporting Actor Gene Hackman Won
Best Screenplay David Webb Peoples Won
Best Supporting Actor Jack N. Green Runner-up
Mainichi Film Awards Best Foreign Language Film Clint Eastwood Won
Nastro d'Argento Best Foreign Director Nominated
National Board of Review Awards[38] Top Ten Films 6th Place
National Film Preservation Board[5] National Film Registry Inducted
National Society of Film Critics Awards[39] Best Film Won
Best Director Clint Eastwood Won
Best Actor 2nd Place
Best Supporting Actor Gene Hackman Won
Best Screenplay David Webb Peoples Won
Best Cinematography Jack N. Green 3rd Place
New York Film Critics Circle Awards[40] Best Film Runner-up
Best Director Clint Eastwood Runner-up
Best Supporting Actor Gene Hackman Won
Best Screenplay David Webb Peoples Runner-up
Nikkan Sports Film Awards Best Foreign Film Won
Online Film & Television Association Awards[41] Hall of Fame – Motion Picture Inducted
Producers Guild of America Awards[42] Outstanding Producer of Theatrical Motion Pictures Clint Eastwood Nominated
Sant Jordi Awards Best Foreign Film Won
Turkish Film Critics Association Awards Best Foreign Film 3rd Place
Western Heritage Awards[43] Theatrical Motion Pictures Won
Western Writers of America Awards[44] Best Movie Script David Webb Peoples Won
Writers Guild of America Awards[45] Best Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screen Nominated

American Film Institute recognition

In June 2008, Unforgiven was listed as the fourth best American film in the Western genre (behind The Searchers, High Noon, and Shane) in the American Film Institute's "AFI's 10 Top 10" list.[46][47]

Legacy

The music for the Unforgiven film trailer, which appeared in theatres and on some of the DVDs, was composed by Randy J. Shams and Tim Stithem in 1992. The main theme song, "Claudia's Theme", was composed by Clint Eastwood.[48]

The film was planned to be used as the theme for Six Flags Great Adventure's then-upcoming roller coaster, but market research showed that people found it to be too dark of a theme, so the ride's name was changed to Viper.[49]

In 2004, Unforgiven was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

In 2013, the Writers Guild of America ranked Peoples' script for Unforgiven as the 30th greatest ever written.[50]

Several story elements of the film are paralleled in "The Noblest of Men, and a Woman", a side-quest in the 2018 video game Red Dead Redemption 2, including an English Bob-like former gunfighter having his biography written by a naive journalist, the player having to visit an aging outlaw who runs a pig farm, the gunfighter revealing himself to be a complete fraud, a final shootout where the player kills him, and the journalist deciding to write a fictional account of the gunfighter's death that completely ignores the truth of what really happened.

Home media

Unforgiven was released as premium home video, on DVD and VHS, on September 24, 2002.[51] It was released on Blu-ray Book (a Blu-ray Disc with book packaging) on February 21, 2012. Special features include an audio commentary by Clint Eastwood biographer Richard Schickel; four documentaries including "All on Accounta Pullin' a Trigger", "Eastwood & Co.: Making Unforgiven", "Eastwood...A Star", and "Eastwood on Eastwood", and more.[52] Unforgiven was released on 4K UHD Blu-ray on May 16, 2017.[53]

Remake

A Japanese adaptation of Unforgiven, directed by Lee Sang-il and starring Ken Watanabe, was released in 2013. The plot of the 2013 version is very similar to the original, but it takes place in Japan during the Meiji period, with the main character being a samurai instead of a bandit.

Notes

  1. Tied with The Player.

References

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Bibliography

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