Wolfgang Paul

Wolfgang Paul (German pronunciation: [ˈvɔlfɡaŋ ˈpaʊ̯l] ⓘ; 10 August 1913 – 7 December 1993) was a German physicist, who co-developed the non-magnetic quadrupole mass filter which laid the foundation for what is now called an ion trap.[2] He shared one-half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989 for this work with Hans Georg Dehmelt; the other half of the Prize in that year was awarded to Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.

This article is about the German physicist. For the Austrian-Swiss physicist who received the Nobel Prize in 1945, see Wolfgang Pauli. For the German footballer, see Wolfgang Paul (footballer).
Wolfgang Paul
Born(1913-08-10)10 August 1913
Lorenzkirch, Saxony, German Empire
Died7 December 1993(1993-12-07) (aged 80)
Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
NationalityGerman
Alma materTechnical University of Munich
Technical University of Berlin
University of Göttingen
Known forIon traps
Quadrupole mass analyzer
AwardsNobel Prize in physics (1989)
UNSW Dirac Medal (1992)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsUniversity of Bonn
University of Kiel
Doctoral advisorHans Kopfermann
Notes
He humorously referred to Wolfgang Pauli as his "imaginary part".[1]

Early life

Wolfgang Paul was born on 10 August 1913 in Lorenzkirch, Germany. He grew up in Munich where his father was a professor of pharmaceutical chemistry. After the first few years at the Technical University of Munich, he changed to the Technical University of Berlin in 1934 where he finished his Diploma in 1937 at the group of Hans Geiger. He followed his doctorate adviser Hans Kopfermann to the University of Kiel and after being drafted to the air force he finished his PhD in 1940 at the Technical University of Berlin.

During World War II, he researched isotope separation, which is necessary to produce fissionable material for use in making nuclear weapons.

Academic career

For several years he was a private lecturer at the University of Göttingen with Hans Kopfermann. He became a professor of Experimental Physics at the University of Bonn and stayed there from 1952 until 1993. For two years from 1965 to 1967 he was director of the Division of Nuclear Physics at CERN.

Scientific results

He developed techniques for trapping charged particles in mass spectrometry by electric quadrupole fields in the 1950s.[3] Paul traps are used extensively today to contain and study ions. He developed molecular beam lenses and worked on a 500 MeV electron synchrotron, followed by one at 2500 MeV in 1965. Later he worked on containing slow neutrons in magnetic storage rings, measuring the free neutron lifetime.

He humorously referred to Wolfgang Pauli as his imaginary part if their surnames were considered as complex numbers.[4]

Göttingen Manifesto

In 1957, Paul was a signatory of the Göttingen Manifesto, a declaration of 18 leading nuclear scientists of West Germany against arming the West German army with tactical nuclear weapons.

Sons

His son Stephan Paul is a professor of experimental physics at the Technical University of Munich. His son Lorenz Paul is a professor of physics at the University of Wuppertal.

Works
  • Paul, Wolfgang (1990). "Electromagnetic Traps for Charged and Neutral Particles". Reviews of Modern Physics. 62 (3): 531–540. Bibcode:1990RvMP...62..531P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.487.6288. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.62.531.
  • Paul, Wolfgang; Steinwedel, Helmut (1953). "Ein neues Massenspektrometer ohne Magnetfeld". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A. 8 (7): 448–450. Bibcode:1953ZNatA...8..448P. doi:10.1515/zna-1953-0710. S2CID 96549388.

References
  1. Gerald E. Brown and Chang-Hwan Lee (2006): Hans Bethe and His Physics, World Scientific, ISBN 981-256-610-4, p. 338
  2. Toschek, Peter E. (July 1994). "Obituary: Wolfgang Paul". Physics Today. 47 (7): 76–77. Bibcode:1994PhT....47g..76T. doi:10.1063/1.2808585. Archived from the original on 2013-10-04.
  3. Paul, Wolfgang (1990). "Electromagnetic traps for charged and neutral particles". Reviews of Modern Physics. 62 (3): 531–540. Bibcode:1990RvMP...62..531P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.487.6288. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.62.531. ISSN 0034-6861.
  4. Gerald Edward Brown; Chang-Hwan Lee (2006). Hans Bethe and His Physics. World Scientific. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-981-256-609-6.
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