List of World Heritage Sites in Norway
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designates World Heritage Sites of outstanding universal value to cultural or natural heritage which have been nominated by countries which are signatories to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.[1][2] Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage.[3] The Kingdom of Norway accepted the convention on 12 May 1977, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list. As of 2017, there are eight World Heritage Sites in Norway, including seven cultural sites and one natural site. There is one transnational site, the Struve Geodetic Arc, that is shared with nine other countries.[4]
Norway's first two sites, Urnes Stave Church and Bryggen, were inscribed on the list at the 3rd session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Cairo and Luxor, Egypt in 1979.[5] The latest inscription, the Rjukan–Notodden Industrial Heritage Site, was added to the list in 2015.[6] In addition to its World Heritage Sites, Norway also maintains five properties on its tentative list, three of which are transnational nominations.[4]
World Heritage Sites
UNESCO lists sites under ten criteria; each entry must meet at least one of the criteria. Criteria i through vi are cultural, and vii through x are natural.[7]
Site | Image | Location (county) | Year listed | UNESCO data | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Urnes Stave Church | ![]() |
Sogn og Fjordane | 1979 | 58; i, ii, iii (cultural) |
The stave church at Urnes is one of the oldest and most prominent examples of this type of wooden churches. It was built in the 12th and 13th centuries and incorporates elements of Viking tradition from the prior 11th century church. The church combines the influences of Celtic art, Viking traditions, and Romanesque architecture. The woodwork, originating from the previous church, depicts interlaced, fighting animals, and thus links the pre-Christian Nordic culture and the Christianity of the medieval ages.[8] |
Bryggen | ![]() |
Hordaland | 1979 | 59; iii (cultural) |
Bryggen is the historic harbour district of Bergen, an important city on the West coast of Norway. In 1350, the Hanseatic League established a foreign trading post, a kontor, in Bergen, which controlled the trade in stockfish from the North. The Hanseatic period lasted until the 16th century. Bryggen's wooden houses were affected by many fires, the last one in the 1950s, but were always rebuilt in a traditional style. Around 60 traditional buildings remain today.[9] |
Røros Mining Town and the Circumference | ![]() |
Sør-Trøndelag | 1980 | 55; iii, iv (cultural) |
Røros was a copper mining town from 1644 until 1977, when the mining company went bankrupt. The town is built entirely in wood. It was completely razed by the Swedish troops in 1679 during the Scanian War but later rebuilt. Together with the surrounding area, the Circumference (the area of privileges awarded by the Danish-Norwegian King to Røros Copper Works in 1646), it demonstrates the life and work in a mining town in harsh sub-arctic climate.[10] |
Rock Art of Alta | ![]() |
Finnmark | 1985 | 352; iii (cultural) |
This property contains 45 petroglyph sites in five areas around the Alta Fjord, far north of the Arctic Circle. Thousands of paintings and carvings, dating from approximately 4200 BCE to 500 BCE, depict circumpolar fauna, such as reindeer, elks, bears, fish, whales, and seabirds, as well as the interaction of hunter-gatherers with the landscape. The panels show hunting, fishing, boat journeys, and also symbols and rituals. Various artefacts of material culture are depicted as well.[11] |
Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago | ![]() |
Nordland | 2004 | 1143; v (cultural) |
Apart from being fishermen and farmers, at least since the 9th century, the inhabitants of the Vega Archipelago were harvesting eider down, the down feather of eider ducks. People built shelters and nests for the ducks that came here every spring and were protected during the breeding season, which allowed them to collect the down when the ducks and chicks left the nests. This tradition is still preserved in modern times. The cultural landscape includes fishing villages, quays, warehouses, farming landscapes, lighthouses, and beacons.[12] |
Struve Geodetic Arc* | ![]() |
Finnmark | 2005 | 1187; ii, iii, vi (cultural) |
The Struve Geodetic Arc is a series of triangulation points, stretching over a distance of 2,820 kilometres (1,750 mi) from Hammerfest in Norway to the Black Sea. The points were set up in a survey by the astronomer Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve who first carried out an accurate measurement of a long segment of a meridian, which helped to establish the size and shape of the Earth. Originally, there were 265 station points. The World Heritage Site includes 34 points in ten countries (North to South: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine), four of which are in Norway.[13] |
West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord | ![]() |
Møre og Romsdal and Sogn og Fjordane | 2005 | 1195; vii, viii (natural) |
The two fjords are among the world's longest and deepest. They are classic examples of fjords, submerged glaciated valleys. The valleys rise up to 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level and extend up to 500 metres (1,600 ft) below it. The area also features a large number of waterfalls, glaciers, and glacial lakes.[14] |
Rjukan–Notodden Industrial Heritage Site | ![]() |
Telemark | 2015 | 1486; ii, iv (cultural) |
The industrial complex in the towns of Rjukan and Notodden was established by the Norsk Hydro company in the early 20th century. Early hydroelectric plants provided power for industrial production of artificial fertiliser from nitrogen in the air, a new global industry.[15] |
Tentative list
In addition to sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage List are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list.[16] As of 2019, Norway lists five properties on its tentative list.[4]
Site | Image | Location | Year listed | UNESCO criteria | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Laponian Area – Tysfjord, the fjord of Hellemobotn and Rago (extension)* | ![]() |
Nordland | 2002 | iii, v, vii, viii, ix (mixed) | This tentative site is the extension of the site already listed in Sweden. Laponia is populated by the Sami people who preserve the traditional way of life based on reindeer herding. In Tysfjord, there is a large Lule Sami community. Rago National Park is a wild mountainous area.[17][18] |
The Lofoten islands | ![]() |
Nordland | 2002 | iii, viii, ix, x (mixed) | The Lofoten are a group of islands north of the Arctic Circle, spanning 250 kilometres (160 mi). They consist chiefly of Precambrian rocks. Cod fisheries have been an important source of income since the pre-Viking times. The area is also an important habitat for animals, the bird cliffs on Røst and Værøy being especially famous.[19] |
Svalbard Archipelago | ![]() |
Svalbard | 2007 | v, vi, vii, viii, ix, x (mixed) | About 60% of the Svalbard Archipelago is covered by snow and ice. The islands have been used as whaling stations and by miners for centuries, and now there are permanent Norwegian and Russian settlements. Since the nature is mostly undisturbed, it is an important habitat for arctic animals, such as arctic fox, reindeer, whales, seals including walrus, as well as Arctic char that lives in lakes and rivers. Many birds nest at Svalbard, including eider ducks and geese. The bedrock in Svalbard is rich with fossils.[20] |
Islands of Jan Mayen and Bouvet as parts of a serial transnational nomination of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge system* | ![]() |
Jan Mayen and Bouvet | 2007 | viii, ix, x (natural) | This is part of a transnational nomination covering the supramarine points of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Two islands, both volcanic, are Norwegian, other sites belong to Brazil, Great Britain, Portugal, and Iceland. Jan Mayen (an integral part of the Kingdom of Norway), in the Arctic, is a breeding site for large numbers of Greenland seals and hooded seals, as well as seabirds. Bouvet Island, a dependency of Norway, lies 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi) south of the Cape of Good Hope and supports populations of macaroni and chinstrap penguins, but Adelie penguins have also been recorded to breed. It is a breeding site for Antarctic fur seals and Southern elephant seals.[21] |
Viking Monuments and Sites / Vestfold Ship Burials and Hyllestad Quernstone Quarries* | ![]() |
Vestfold, Sogn og Fjordane | 2011 | iii (cultural) | This transnational nomination lists nine sites in six countries, connected to the legacy of the Viking culture between the 8th and 12th century. Two sites are in Norway. The Vestfold site covers three ship burials and several burial mounds. The Hyllestad quarries produced quernstones (millstones), first for the use of the locals and later for export.[22][23] |
References
- "The World Heritage Convention". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
- "Explore UNESCO World Heritage". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 2023-01-18.
- "Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- "Norway". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- "Report of the 3rd Session of the Committee". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- "Decision : 39 COM 8B.29". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 18 June 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- "UNESCO World Heritage Centre – The Criteria for Selection". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
- "Urnes Stave Church". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- "Bryggen". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 16 November 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- "Røros Mining Town and the Circumference". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- "Rock Art of Alta". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- "Vegaøyan – The Vega Archipelago". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- "Struve Geodetic Arc". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 30 October 2005. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- "West Norwegian Fjords – Geirangerfjord and Nærøyfjord". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 15 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- "Rjukan–Notodden Industrial Heritage Site". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
- "Tentative Lists". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
- "The Laponian Area – Tysfjord, the fjord of Hellemobotn and Rago (extension)". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- "Laponian Area". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 25 November 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- "The Lofoten islands". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- "Svalbard Archipelago". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- "Islands of Jan Mayen and Bouvet as parts of a serial transnational nomination of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge system". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 7 October 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- "VIKING MONUMENTS AND SITES / Vestfold Ship Burials and Hyllestad Quernstone Quarries". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 31 October 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
- "International conference on millstone in Bergen – and the Hyllestad quarry landscape". Per Storemyr Archaeology & Conservation. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 11 January 2020.