Xenocys

Xenocys jessiae, the black-striped salema, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grunt belonging to the family Haemulidae. It is endemic to the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Xenocys
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Haemulidae
Subfamily: Haemulinae
Genus: Xenocys
D. S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890
Species:
X. jessiae
Binomial name
Xenocys jessiae
D. S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890
Synonyms[2]

Brachygenys jessiae (D.S. Jordan & Bollman, 1890)

Description

Xenocys jessiae has a relatively slender, elongated body, notably different from most related species.[3] The head is conical in shape and has large eyes and a short diagonal mouth with a protruding lower jaw. It has very small teeth which are set in bands on the flaws and the palate. The dorsal fin is not continuous, the anterior spiny portion is completely divided from the posterior soft- rayed part. The dorsal fin contains 10 spines in the anterior portion and a single spine and 13-14 soft rays. The anal fin has 3 small spines and 10-11 soft rays.[4] This species attains a maximum total length of 30 cm (12 in).[5] The back is dark silvery-grey in colour, frequently showing yellowish green, yellowish blue or blue-green tints. The colour shades to paler silver on the flanks and to silvery-white on the underparts.[3] There are 7 black, horizontal stripes along the flanks.[4]

Distribution

Xenocys jessiae is found in the eastern Pacific Ocean where it is endemic to the waters around the Galápagos Islands.[1]

Habitat and biology

Xenocys jessiae is found at depths between 0 and 20 m (0 and 66 ft).[1] It forms dense scoops in these shallow waters.[3] These spend the day along rock walls and over rocky slopes.[5] They feed on plankton and small fishes.[4] It is an oviparous species, spawning in distinct pairs.[5]

Systematics

Xenocys jessiae was first formally described in 1890 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan (1851-1931) and Charles Harvey Bollman (1868-1889) with the type locality given as Isla Santa Maria in the Galápagos Islands of Ecuador.[2] This species is placed in the genus Brachygenys by some authorities this was done when Haemulon was determined to be paraphyletic in molecular studies which showed Haemulon chrysargyreum, the type species of Felipe Poey’s Brachygenys, clustered with Xenistius californianus. The genus was therefore revived to include also includes the other species in Xenistius and this species.[6][7] This change has been accepted by Catalog of Fishes[8] but not by Fishbase.[9] The specific name honours Jordan’s second wife Jessie Knight Jordan (1866-1952).[10]

References
  1. Allen, G.; Robertson, R.; Rivera, F.; Edgar, G.; Merlen, G. (2010). "Xenocys jessiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T183395A8105917. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T183395A8105917.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Brachygenys". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 8 April 2021.
  3. "Xenocys jessiae Jordan & Bollman, 1890". Galapagos Species Checklist. Darwin Foundation. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  4. "Species: Xenocys jessiae, Black-striped salema". Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  5. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Xenocys jessiae" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  6. José Julián Tavera; P. Arturo Acero; Eduardo F Balart; Giacomo Bernardi (2012). "Molecular phylogeny of grunts (Teleostei, Haemulidae), with an emphasis on the ecology, evolution, and speciation history of New World species". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 12 (57). doi:10.1186/1471-2148-12-57. PMC 3472276. PMID 22537107.
  7. Paolo Parenti (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Haemulidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)" (PDF). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology. 6 (3): 150–196.
  8. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Haemulinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  9. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2019). "Haemuidae" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  10. Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (5 January 2021). "Order LUTJANIFORMES: Families HAEMULIDAE and LUTJANIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 9 April 2021.
  • Photos of Xenocys on Sealife Collection
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