Yun Jeung

Yun Jeung
Korean name
Hangul	윤증
Hanja	尹拯
Revised Romanization	Yun Jeung
McCune–Reischauer	Yun Chǔng

Yun Jeung or Yun Chǔng (1629 – 30 January 1714) was a Confucian scholar in Korea during the late period of the Joseon dynasty. He was known as being a progressive thinker and for his opposition to the formalism and ritualism in the predominant philosophy of Chu Hsi. Yun Chung refused government office because he thought the Korean monarchy was corrupt, and spend his life teaching Sirhak ideas. He is known for the quote, "The king could exist without the people, but the people could not exist without the king."[1]

Yun held ideological debates with Song Si-yeol, known as the Hoeni Sibi (懷尼是非,"The Right and Wrong Between Song and Yun"), over the matters of ritualism and politics.[2]

Yun may also considered an early feminist, as he praised and honored female scholars of Confucianism, a position that was typically reserved for males.[3]

He came from the Papyeong Yun clan (파평 윤씨, 坡平尹氏).

Life

Yun was born in 1629 in Jungseonbang (貞善坊, modern day jongno).[4] In 1642, he studied Neo confucianism with his father in a mountain.[5]

Family

Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
- Yun Cheok (윤척, 尹陟) (? - 1384)
Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
- Lady Yi (이씨, 李氏); second daughter of Yi Gwang-gi (이광기, 李光起)
Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
- Yun Seung-sun (윤승순, 尹承順) (? - 1392)[6]
Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
- Princess Consort Yi of the Danyang Yi clan (군부인 단양 이씨); eldest daughter of Yi Geo-gyeong (이거경, 李居敬)
Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
- Yun Gon (윤곤, 尹坤) (? - 11 March 1422)
Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
- Princess Sunjeong of the Heungyang Ryu clan (순정택주 흥양 류씨); first wife of Yun Gon
Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
- Yun Hui-je (윤희제, 尹希齊)[7][8]
Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
- Yun Bae (윤배, 尹培)[9]
Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
- Yun Sa-eun (윤사은, 尹師殷)
Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
- Lady Park of the Woonbong Park clan (운봉 박씨); daughter of Park Jung-woo (박종우, 朴從愚; 1405 - 1464)[10]
Great-Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
- Yun Tak (윤탁, 尹倬) (1472 - 1534)
Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
- Yun Seon-ji (윤선지, 尹先智)
Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
- Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (청주 한씨),[11][12] first wife of Yun Seon-ji; daughter of Han Sa-shin (한사신)[13]
Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
- Yun Don (윤돈, 尹暾)
Great-Great-Great-Grandmother
- Lady Ryu of the Munhwa Ryu clan (문화 류씨); daughter of Ryu Yeon (류연, 柳淵)
Great-Great-Grandfather
- Yun Chang-se (윤창세, 尹昌世)
Great-Grandmother
- Lady Gyeong of the Cheongju Gyeong clan (청주 경씨, 淸州慶氏); second daughter of Gyeong Hon (경혼, 慶渾; 1498 - 1568)
Grandfather
- Yun Hwang (윤황, 尹煌) (1572 - 1639)
Grandmother
- Lady Seong of the Changnyeong Seong clan (창녕 성씨); second daughter of Seong Hon (성혼, 成渾)[14]
Father
- Yun Seon-geo (윤선거, 尹宣擧) (1610 - 21 April 1669)
  - Uncle - Yun Hun-geo (윤훈거, 尹勛擧)
    - Cousin - Yun Byeon (윤변, 尹抃)
  - Uncle - Yun Sun-geo (윤순거, 尹舜擧) (1596 - 1668)
    - Aunt - Lady Yi of the Hampyeong Yi clan (함평 이씨); daughter of Yi Chun-won (이춘원)
      - Cousin - Yun Jeol (윤절, 尹晢)
      - Cousin - Yun Jin (윤진, 尹搢)
  - Uncle - Yun Sang-geo (윤상거, 尹商擧)
  - Uncle - Yun Mun-geo (윤문거, 尹文擧) (1606 - 1672)
    - Aunt - Lady Yi of the Pyeongchang Yi clan (평창 이씨); daughter of Yi Jeon (이전, 李瑑)
      - Cousin - Yun Dan or Yun Bak (윤단/윤박, 尹搏) (1628 - 4 May 1675)
        Cousin-in-law - Lady Song of the Eunjin Song clan (은진 송씨);[15] second daughter of Song Si-yeol
  - Uncle - Yun Min-geo (윤민거, 尹民擧)
  - Uncle - Yun Gyeong-geo (윤경거, 尹耕擧)
  - Uncle - Yun Si-geo (윤시거, 尹時擧)
  - Aunt - Lady Yun (윤씨)
Mother
- Lady Yi of the Gongju Yi clan (공주 이씨)
  - Grandfather - Yi Jang-baek (이장백, 李長白)
Sibling(s)
- Younger sister - Lady Yun (윤씨)
  - Brother-in-law - Park Se-hu (박세후, 朴世垕) of the Bannam Park clan
- Younger sister - Lady Yun (윤씨)
  - Brother-in-law - Yi Jeong-yeo (이정여, 李正輿) of the Jeonju Yi clan
- Younger sister - Lady Yun (윤씨)
  - Brother-in-law - Kwon Jun (권준, 權儁) of the Andong Kwon clan
- Younger brother - Yun Chu (윤추, 尹推) (1632 - 1707)
  - Sister-in-law - Lady Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan (풍양 조씨); daughter Jo Jin-yang (조진양, 趙進陽)
    - Nephew - Yun Ja-gyo (윤자교, 尹自敎)
    - Nephew - Yun Ga-gyo (윤가교, 尹可敎)
  - Sister-in-law - Lady Lee of the Jeonui Lee clan (전의 이씨); daughter of Lee Yu (이유, 李𣞗)
- Younger brother - Yun Bal (윤발, 尹撥)
- Younger brother - Yun Jol (윤졸, 尹拙)
- Younger brother - Yun Eub (윤읍, 尹挹)
Spouse
- Lady Kwon of the Andong Kwon clan (안동 권씨); eldest daughter
  - Father-in-law - Kwon Si (권시, 權諰) (1604 - 1672)
  - Mother-in-law - Lady Park of the Hamyang Park clan (함양 박씨); daughter of Park Ji-gyeong (박지경, 朴知警)
Issue
- Son - Yun Haeng-gyo (윤행교, 尹行敎)
- Son - Yun Chung-gyo (윤충교, 尹忠敎)
- Daughter - Lady Yun (윤씨)
  - Son-in-law - Im Jin-yeong (임진영, 任震英)

Works

Myeongjaeyugo (명재유고, 明齋遺顧)
Myeongjaeuiryemundap (명재의례문답, 明齋疑禮問答)
Myeongjaeyuseo (명재유서)

References

Han Woo-keun (1971). "Chapter 22: Intellectual Developments in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries". In Grafton K. Mintz (ed.). The History of Korea. Translated by Lee Kyung-shik. East-West Center Press, Honolulu. pp. 324–5.
Sun Joo Kim (2013). Voice from the North: Resurrecting Regional Identity Through the Life and Work of Yi Sihang (1672–1736). Stanford University Press. p. 73.
Martina Deuchler (2003). "Female Virtues in Chosŏn Korea". In Dorothy Ko, JaHyun Kim Haboush (ed.). Women and Confucian Cultures in Premodern China, Korea, and Japan. University of California Press. pp. 150.
"조선 후기 윤증(尹拯)의 삶 재조명-2". Busan writers association.
"윤증". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.
His younger brother, Yun Seung-rye (윤승례, 尹承禮), became the grandfather to Queen Jeonghui, the great-great-grandfather to Queen Janggyeong, and the great-great-great-grandfather to Queen Munjeong
His father’s second wife, Princess Geunsun of the Cheongju Han clan (근순택주 청주 한씨) was the only daughter of Han Sang-jil (한상질; 1350 - 10 January 1400/1410) with his first wife, Princess Consort Changhwa of Gyeongju Yi clan (창화군부인 경주 이씨). She was also the half-aunt of Han Myeong-hoe as she was the older half-sister of his father. As well as the niece of Han Sang-gyeong (한상경, 韓尙敬; 1360 - 1423) who’s great-granddaughter married Yun Seon-ji.
His younger half-brother, Yun Sam-sun (윤삼산, 尹三山), became the grandfather of Queen Jeonghyeon
Through his older brother, Yun Eun (윤은, 尹垠), his nephew, Yun Sa-ro (윤사로, 尹師路; 1423 - 1463), married Princess Jeonghyeon (1425 - 16 December 1480) who was the only daughter of King Sejong with Consort Sangchim of the Song clan. Their eldest son married the second daughter of Han Myeong-hoe and a granddaughter (through their second son) married Park Won-jeong.
Was the spouse of Princess Jeonghye (정혜옹주; ? - 5 November 1424), the only daughter of King Taejong with Royal Noble Consort Ui of the Andong Kwon clan
She is the great-granddaughter of Han Sang-gyeong (한상경, 韓尙敬; 1360 - 1423) who was the granduncle of Han Myeong-hoe
Her great-grandfather’s niece became the second wife of Yun Gon and the 9th great (step) grandmother of Yun Jeung
His uncle, Han Gye-mi (한계미, 韓繼美; 1421 - 1471), married the older sister of Queen Jeonghui
His mother was the niece of Queen Jeonghyeon (through one of her brothers)
Through her mother, she was a descendant of Yi Saek

Bibliography

Kang, Jae-eun; Lee, Suzanne (2006). The land of scholars: two thousand years of Korean Confucianism. Homa & Sekey Books. ISBN 1-931907-37-4.

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[1] Han Woo-keun (1971). "Chapter 22: Intellectual Developments in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries". In Grafton K. Mintz (ed.). The History of Korea. Translated by Lee Kyung-shik. East-West Center Press, Honolulu. pp. 324–5.

[2] Sun Joo Kim (2013). Voice from the North: Resurrecting Regional Identity Through the Life and Work of Yi Sihang (1672–1736). Stanford University Press. p. 73.

[3] Martina Deuchler (2003). "Female Virtues in Chosŏn Korea". In Dorothy Ko, JaHyun Kim Haboush (ed.). Women and Confucian Cultures in Premodern China, Korea, and Japan. University of California Press. pp. 150.

[4] "조선 후기 윤증(尹拯)의 삶 재조명-2". Busan writers association.

[5] "윤증". Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.

[6] His younger brother, Yun Seung-rye (윤승례, 尹承禮), became the grandfather to Queen Jeonghui, the great-great-grandfather to Queen Janggyeong, and the great-great-great-grandfather to Queen Munjeong

[7] His father’s second wife, Princess Geunsun of the Cheongju Han clan (근순택주 청주 한씨) was the only daughter of Han Sang-jil (한상질; 1350 - 10 January 1400/1410) with his first wife, Princess Consort Changhwa of Gyeongju Yi clan (창화군부인 경주 이씨). She was also the half-aunt of Han Myeong-hoe as she was the older half-sister of his father. As well as the niece of Han Sang-gyeong (한상경, 韓尙敬; 1360 - 1423) who’s great-granddaughter married Yun Seon-ji.

[8] His younger half-brother, Yun Sam-sun (윤삼산, 尹三山), became the grandfather of Queen Jeonghyeon

[9] Through his older brother, Yun Eun (윤은, 尹垠), his nephew, Yun Sa-ro (윤사로, 尹師路; 1423 - 1463), married Princess Jeonghyeon (1425 - 16 December 1480) who was the only daughter of King Sejong with Consort Sangchim of the Song clan. Their eldest son married the second daughter of Han Myeong-hoe and a granddaughter (through their second son) married Park Won-jeong.

[10] Was the spouse of Princess Jeonghye (정혜옹주; ? - 5 November 1424), the only daughter of King Taejong with Royal Noble Consort Ui of the Andong Kwon clan

[11] She is the great-granddaughter of Han Sang-gyeong (한상경, 韓尙敬; 1360 - 1423) who was the granduncle of Han Myeong-hoe

[12] Her great-grandfather’s niece became the second wife of Yun Gon and the 9th great (step) grandmother of Yun Jeung

[13] His uncle, Han Gye-mi (한계미, 韓繼美; 1421 - 1471), married the older sister of Queen Jeonghui

[14] His mother was the niece of Queen Jeonghyeon (through one of her brothers)

[15] Through her mother, she was a descendant of Yi Saek

Political factions of the Joseon Dynasty
Southerners	Ryu Seong-ryong Yun Seon-do Yun Hyu Heo Mok Heo Jeok Huibin Jang Chae Je-gong Jeong Yak-yong Gisa Hwanguk Gapsul Hwanguk Catholic Persecution of 1801
Soron	Yun Jeung King Gyeongjong Sinchuk Hwanguk Musin Revolt Eulhae Purge Queen Inwon
Noron	Song Si-yeol Kim Seok-ju Queen Inhyeon Sukbin Choe King Yeongjo Queen Jeongsun

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