Zanclorhynchus

Zanclorhynchus is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Congiopodidae, the pigfishes or horsefishes. These fishes are found in the Southern Ocean.

Zanclorhynchus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Scorpaeniformes
Family: Congiopodidae
Genus: Zanclorhynchus
Günther, 1880
Type species
Zanclorhynchus spinifer
Günther, 1880[1]

Taxonomy

Zanclorhynchus was first described as a genus in 1880 by the German-born British ichthyologist Albert Günther as a monotypic genus, its only member being the new species Günther described in the same paper, Zanclorhynchus spinifer, with its type locality given as Kerguelen Island.[2] The 5th edition of Fishes of the World classifies this genus in the family Congiopodidae[3] but other authorities classify it within the family Zanclorhynchidae, alongside the genus Alertichthys.[1] The genus name is a compound of zanklon, which means "sickle", and rhynchus, meaning "snout", assumed to be an allusion to the pointed snout of adult Z. spinifer.[4]

Species

Zanclorhynchus contains 2 recognised species:[5]

  • Zanclorhynchus chereshnevi Balushkin & Zhukov, 2016 (Chereshnev's horsefish) [6]
  • Zanclorhynchus spinifer Günther, 1880 (Antarctic horsefish)

Characteristics

Zanclorhynchus horsefishes are characterised by having robust spines on the head. They have between 8 and 10 spines and 12 and 15 soft rays in the dorsal fin with a deep incision separating the spiny part from the soft rayed part. The origin of the dorsal fin sits over the operculum. There are no spines in the anal fin and the pelvic fins are located on the abdomen, halfway between the throat and the anus. They have scales embedded in the skin, the scales all having a central spine which is curved.[7] The maximum recorded total length is 40 cm (16 in).[5]

Distribution and habitat

Zanclorhynchus horsefishes are found in the Southern Ocean where they have been recorded from Prince Edward Islands, Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Islands, Heard Island and Macquarie Island as well as from the Kara-Dag Seamount to the north-east of the Prince Edward Islands.[7] They are demersal fishes found at depths from 5 to 1,000 m (16 to 3,281 ft).[8]

References
  1. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Zanclorhynchidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
  2. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Zanclorhynchus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 23 May 2022.
  3. J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 475. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
  4. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 March 2022). "Order Perciformes (Part 10): Suborder Scorpaenoidei: Families Apistidae, Tetrarogidae, Synanceiidae, Aploacrinidae, Perryenidae, Eschmeyeridae, Pataecidae, Gnathanacanthidae, Congiopodidae and Zanclorhynchidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  5. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (-2022). Species of Zaplorhynchus in FishBase. February -2022 version.
  6. Balushkin, A.V. & Zhukov, M.Y. (2016). "Polytypy of the Genus Zanclorhynchus (Zanclorhynchinae: Congiopodidae): Description of the New Species Z. сhereshnevi sp. n. from the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean". Journal of Ichthyology. 56 (6): 791–798. doi:10.1134/S0032945216060023. S2CID 255272152.
  7. P.C. Heemstra and G. Duhamel (1990). "Congiopodidae Hoserfishes". In O. Gon and P.C. Heemstra (eds.). Fishes of the Southern Ocean. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN 9780868102115.
  8. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (-2022). "Zanclorhynchus spinifer" in FishBase. February -2022 version.
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