Zohreh River

Zohre River (Persian: رودخانه زهره; zohre translates as 'Venus' ) is a river in southwestern Iran. It is formed at the confluence of the rivers Rudkhaneye-Fekhlian, and Rude-Tenge-Shu, which flow from the southern slopes of the Zagros mountains northwest of the city of Nurabad, Fars to the south-west of Yasuj, in the Fars province. The stream rises at an altitude of approximately 2450 m, and flows in the east-west direction for 490 km.

Catchment area of Zohreh River (in deep blue)
Sheep crossing the Zohreh River

It flows into the Persian Gulf of the Indian Ocean 25 km southwest of Hendijan, in the southeast of Khuzestan, where it forms the Hendijan Delta.[1]

Tributaries

Tributaries of the Zohreh River are Fahlian River, and Kheyrabad River. The catchment area of the Zohreh is about 17 150 km2; of these 14 100 km2 is mountainous. The rest of the catchment consists of plains and mountainous foothills.[2]

Antiquity

In antiquity it was called Arosis (ancient Greek Ἄροσις, Latin Arosis, also Zarotis, Oratis, Oroatis). The river represented the border of the ancient territories of Parsa (Persides), and Susiana.[3]

At the mouth of the river, the fleet of Nearchus (360–300 BC), an associate of Alexander the Great, stopped to rest and to take on water for five days to sail along the shores of Susiana.

The town of Alexandria Carmania was founded by Alexander in January 324 BC after his army had reunited with Nearchus and his men who had beached their boats near the mouth of the Minab River, further down along the south coast of Iran in Hormozgan province.

Archaeology
Cup decorated with three quadrupeds. Proto-Elamite pottery, circa 4000 BCE; from Tepe Djowi in Susa Valley. Louvre Museum. Similar pottery is found in Zohreh area

The Zohreh Prehistoric Project is a long-term archaeological study program launched in 2015, and focusing on the Zohreh River plain. The research continues in the area south of the modern city of Behbahan in Khuzestan Province. This area was inhabited at the end of the fifth and beginning of the fourth millennia BC. The principal ancient site being excavated is Tol-e Chega Sofla, also known as Chogha Sofla.[4]

To the north, the Behbahan plain, intersected by Marun River, is also a closely associated area.

See also

References
  1. Gharibreza, Mohammadreza (2017-04-03). "Late Holocene evolution of the Hendijan Delta (north of the Persian Gulf)". Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes. Informa UK Limited. 1 (2): 71–76. doi:10.1080/24749508.2017.1332846. ISSN 2474-9508.
  2. Azarang, Farhang; Bejestan, Mahmood Shafaei; Jafari, Ghazal; Karami, Maryam (2019-06-01). "The application of global experiences in evaluation of mining zone: Case study the Zohreh River". Journal of Water and Land Development. Walter de Gruyter GmbH. 41 (1): 19–30. doi:10.2478/jwld-2019-0023. ISSN 2083-4535.
  3. Cole, S. W., & Gasche, H. Documentary and Other Archaeological and Environmental Evidence Bearing on the Identification and Location of the Rivers of Lower Khuzestan and the Position of the Head of the Persian Gulf ca. 1200 BC–200 AD. Akkadica. — 2007. — vol. 128. — p. 36.
  4. Moghaddam, A. (2016). A fifth-millennium BC cemetery in the north Persian Gulf: The Zohreh Prehistoric Project. Antiquity, 90(353), E3. doi:10.15184/aqy.2016.166

Literature

30°04′00″N 49°30′27″E

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