2022 monkeypox outbreak in the United States
The 2022 monkeypox outbreak in the United States is part of the larger outbreak of human monkeypox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The United States was the fourth country, outside of the African countries with endemic monkeypox, to experience an outbreak in 2022. The first case was documented in Boston, Massachusetts, on May 19, 2022.[4] As of August 22, monkeypox has spread to all 50 states in the United States, as well as Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico.[5] The United States has the highest number of monkeypox cases in the world. California has the highest number of monkeypox cases in the United States.
| 2022 monkeypox outbreak in the United States | |
|---|---|
 Spread of monkeypox by US state as of September 24, 2022 | |
| Disease | Monkeypox |
| Virus strain | Monkeypox virus (West African clade) |
| Location | United States |
| Index case | Boston, Massachusetts[1] |
| Arrival date | May 18, 2022 (5 months, 2 weeks and 2 days ago) |
| Date | As of 7 October 2022 |
| Confirmed cases | 26,577[2] |
Deaths | 6[3] |
| Government website | |
| www | |
On August 4, 2022, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention declared monkeypox a public health emergency in the United States.[6] Wyoming was the last and most recent state in the United States to report at least one monkeypox case. On August 30, 2022, the first monkeypox death in the United States was reported.[7]
Background
Monkeypox is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and some other animals.[8] Symptoms include fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over.[8] The time from exposure to onset of symptoms ranges from five to twenty-one days.[9][10] The duration of symptoms is typically two to four weeks.[10] There may be mild symptoms, and it may occur without any symptoms being known.[9][11] The classic presentation of fever and muscle pains, followed by swollen glands, with lesions all at the same stage, has not been found to be common to all outbreaks.[8][12] Cases may be severe, especially in children, pregnant women or people with suppressed immune systems.[13]
The disease is caused by the monkeypox virus, a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus.[14] The variola virus, the causative agent of smallpox, is also in this genus.[15] Of the two types in humans, clade II (formerly West African clade)[16] causes a less severe disease than the Central African (Congo basin) type.[17] It may spread from infected animals by handling infected meat or via bites or scratches.[18] Human-to-human transmission can occur through exposure to infected body fluids or contaminated objects, by small droplets, and possibly through the airborne route.[8][18] People can spread the virus from the onset of symptoms until all the lesions have scabbed and fallen off; with some evidence of spread for more than a week after lesions have crusted.[17] Diagnosis can be confirmed by testing a lesion for the virus's DNA.[19]
There is no known cure.[20] A study in 1988 found that the smallpox vaccine was around 85% protective in preventing infection in close contacts and in lessening the severity of the disease.[21] A newer smallpox and monkeypox vaccine based on modified vaccinia Ankara has been approved, but with limited availability.[9] Other measures include regular hand washing and avoiding sick people and animals.[22] Antiviral drugs, cidofovir and tecovirimat, vaccinia immune globulin and the smallpox vaccine may be used during outbreaks.[23][24] The illness is usually mild and most of those infected will recover within a few weeks without treatment.[24] Estimates of the risk of death vary from 1% to 10%, although few deaths as a consequence of monkeypox have been recorded since 2017.[25]An ongoing outbreak of monkeypox was confirmed on May 6, 2022, beginning with a British resident who, after travelling to Nigeria (where the disease is endemic), presented symptoms consistent with monkeypox on April 29, 2022. The resident returned to the United Kingdom on May 4, creating the country's index case of the outbreak.[26] The origin of several of the cases of monkeypox in the United Kingdom is unknown. Some monitors saw community transmission taking place in the London area as of mid-May,[27] but it has been suggested that cases were already spreading in Europe in the previous months.[28]
Transmission
A large portion of those infected were believed to have not recently traveled to areas of Africa where monkeypox is normally found, such as Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo as well as central and western Africa. It is believed to be transmitted by close contact with sick people, with extra caution for those individuals with lesions on their skin or genitals, along with their bedding and clothing. The CDC has also stated that individuals should avoid contact and consumption of dead animals such as rats, squirrels, monkeys and apes along with wild game or lotions derived from animals in Africa.[29]
In addition to more common symptoms, such as fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and rashes or lesions, some patients have also experienced proctitis, an inflammation of the rectum lining. CDC has also warned clinicians to not rule out monkeypox in patients with sexually transmitted infections since there have been reports of co-infections with syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and herpes.[30]
The CDC has stated that, among monkeypox cases with available data, 99% occurred in men, 94% of whom reported recent male-to-male sexual or close intimate contact.[31]
Cases transited through the United States
California
The 2022 monkeypox outbreak in California As of July 2022, the virus has infected 4,886 people in the U.S. state of California, with 1 death. The state has the highest number of recorded cases in the country.[32]
Florida
Florida currently has 2,444 people infected by the virus, with no deaths. It started on May 23, 2022 in Fort Lauderdale and quickly started spreading across the State.[33][34]
New York
The 2022 monkeypox outbreak in New York currently has no deaths. This state has the second highest number of recorded cases in the country with 3,679 cases.[35]
Timeline
The first known case was detected on May 18, 2022, in a man from Boston, Massachusetts, who had traveled to Canada, where a case of the virus was reported the following day.[36][37] The person was hospitalized in Boston.[38] There, he tested positive for monkeypox, becoming the first case in the United States.[36]
Two days after the man tested positive for the virus, other states began reporting cases, with New York reporting its first case on May 21.[39] On May 22, President Biden gave a speech at Osan Air Base in South Korea during which he indicated the disease was "something that everybody should be concerned about".[40] On May 26, Virginia reported its first case in a woman who had traveled to Africa,[41] followed by California and Hawaii on June 4, 2022.[42][43] As of June 3, the United States had 21 confirmed cases,[44] a number which had risen to 460 as of July 1.[45]
On May 23, 2022, Florida reported a case of monkeypox. On the same day, the Tampa Bay Times reported that the Florida Department of Health had announced the case on a man that had been isolated since the day before.[33] WESH later on also confirmed the case, which was in Broward County.[46] The following day, WESH reported another monkeypox case as being "investigated".[47] The case was then confirmed to be in the same county as the first case, adding up the total in the county to two. Later, a third case was also investigated, this time being reported by CBS Miami to also be in the same county as the first and second case.[48] This case added up the total in the United States to 18. A fourth case was reported by the Sun-Sentinel, although the state of Florida did not disclose the county where it was detected.[49]
In early June 2022, a man in Washington, D.C., was reported to test positive for orthopox, potentially monkeypox.[50]
On July 26, 2022, the United States has the most monkeypox cases than any other country.[51] At the end of August 2022, there were early signs that the monkeypox spread in the U.S. may be slowing.[52]
Ref:
- FRA: 2022 monkeypox outbreak in France#Cases, rev. 8 Oct. 2022
- GER: 2022 monkeypox outbreak in Germany#Cumulative number of cases, rev. 8 Oct. 2022
Cases by state
Data sourced from the CDC.[53] New York case count is from the New York State Department of Health.[54]
| State | Cases | Deaths | Change[note 1] |
|---|---|---|---|
 Alabama |
112 | — | (+0) |
 Alaska |
5 | — | (+0) |
 Arizona |
446 | — | (+0) |
 Arkansas |
56 | — | (+0) |
 California |
4,886 | 1 | (+0) |
 Colorado |
263 | — | (+0) |
 Connecticut |
124 | — | (+0) |
 Delaware |
36 | — | (+0) |
 District of Columbia |
494 | — | (+0) |
 Florida |
2,444 | — | (+0) |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Georgia |
1,736 | — | (+0) |
 Hawaii |
27 | — | (+0) |
 Idaho |
12 | — | (+0) |
 Illinois |
1,270 | 2 | (+0) |
 Indiana |
223 | — | (+0) |
 Iowa |
25 | — | (+0) |
 Kansas |
9 | — | (+0) |
 Kentucky |
51 | — | (+0) |
 Louisiana |
243 | — | (+0) |
 Maine |
9 | — | (+0) |
 Maryland |
636 | — | (+0) |
 Massachusetts |
381 | — | (+0) |
 Michigan |
257 | — | (+0) |
 Minnesota |
182 | — | (+0) |
 Mississippi |
73 | — | (+0) |
 Missouri |
81 | — | (+0) |
 Montana |
5 | — | (+0) |
 Nebraska |
28 | — | (+0) |
 Nevada |
218 | — | (+0) |
 New Hampshire |
29 | — | (+0) |
 New Jersey |
683 | — | (+0) |
 New Mexico |
40 | — | (+0) |
 New York |
3,842 | 2 | (+0) |
 North Carolina |
512 | — | (+0) |
 North Dakota |
6 | — | (+0) |
 Ohio |
263 | 1[55] | (+0) |
 Oklahoma |
36 | — | (+0) |
 Oregon |
205 | — | (+0) |
 Pennsylvania |
724 | — | (+0) |
 Puerto Rico |
170 | — | (+0) |
 Rhode Island |
73 | — | (+0) |
 South Carolina |
156 | — | (+0) |
 South Dakota |
2 | — | (+0) |
 Tennessee |
273 | — | (+0) |
 Texas |
2,225 | 1 | (+0) |
 Utah |
149 | — | (+0) |
 Vermont |
3 | — | (+0) |
 Virginia |
452 | — | (+0) |
 Washington |
583 | — | (+0) |
 West Virginia |
11 | — | (+0) |
 Wisconsin |
69 | — | (+0) |
 Wyoming |
2 | — | (+0) |
| Total cases | 24,846 | 6 | (+4,884) |
| As of September 23, 2022 at 2:00 pm Eastern Time | |||
Timeline of first confirmed cases by state
| Date | States |
|---|---|
| 18 May 2022 | Massachusetts[56] |
| 21 May 2022 | New York[57] |
| 23 May 2022 | Florida[58] |
| 25 May 2022 | Utah[59] |
| 26 May 2022 | Virginia[60] • Colorado[61] |
| 27 May 2022 | Washington[62] • California[63] |
| 2 June 2022 | Pennsylvania[64] • Illinois[65] |
| 3 June 2022 | Hawaii[66] |
| 5 June 2022 | District of Columbia[67] |
| 6 June 2022 | Georgia[68] |
| 7 June 2022 | Texas[69] |
| 9 June 2022 | Rhode Island[70] |
| 14 June 2022 | Ohio[71] • Oklahoma[72] |
| 15 June 2022 | Nevada[73] |
| 16 June 2022 | Maryland[74] • Oregon[75] |
| 18 June 2022 | Indiana[76] |
| 20 June 2022 | New Jersey[77] |
| 22 June 2022 | Missouri[78] |
| 23 June 2022 | North Carolina[79] |
| 24 June 2022 | Kentucky[80] |
| 27 June 2022 | Nebraska[81] • Minnesota[82] |
| 29 June 2022 | New Hampshire[83] • Michigan[84] |
| 30 June 2022 | Wisconsin[85] |
| 1 July 2022 | Iowa[86] |
| 5 July 2022 | Connecticut[87] |
| 6 July 2022 | Arkansas[88] • Idaho[89] |
| 7 July 2022 | Louisiana[90] • Tennessee[91] |
| 8 July 2022 | South Carolina[92] • West Virginia[93] |
| 9 July 2022 | Kansas[94] |
| 11 July 2022 | New Mexico[95] |
| 12 July 2022 | Delaware[96] • Arizona[97] |
| 14 July 2022 | South Dakota[98] |
| 15 July 2022 | Alabama[99] |
| 20 July 2022 | North Dakota[100] |
| 22 July 2022 | Maine[101] |
| 25 July 2022 | Mississippi[102] |
| 29 July 2022 | Alaska[103] • Vermont[104] |
| 5 August 2022 | Montana[105] |
| 22 August 2022 | Wyoming[106] |
Responses
Vaccination
On 18 May 2022, Bavarian Nordic announced that BARDA, part of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), exercised a $119 million option, under a $299 million contract, to supply a freeze-dried version of JYNNEOS vaccine, converting existing bulk vaccine.[109] The United States spent $119 million to purchase doses of the Modified vaccinia Ankara-based two-shot[110] Jynneos vaccine from Bavarian Nordic in May 2022.[111] The contract also allows the United States to purchase an additional $180 million worth of the vaccine at a later date.[112] The vaccine, JYNNEOS (also known by the brand names Imvamune and Imvanex), was approved by FDA in 2019 to prevent both smallpox and monkeypox. As of June 14, the United States had around 70,000 doses of JYNNEOS in its stockpile, and the federal government placed an order for 500,000 more on June 10, 2022. Dawn O'Connell, assistant secretary for preparedness and response at Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), said around 300,000 doses would be delivered in June-July 2022, and the remainder would be delivered later in that year.[113][114]
In addition, the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) holds over 100 million doses of an older smallpox vaccine (ACAM2000).[115]
As of June 28, the Biden administration was allocating tens of thousands of vaccine doses from the Strategic National Stockpile to clinics nation-wide.[116][117] The rollout of vaccines and testing was criticized as too slow, as well as for having similar problems to the rollout of vaccines and tests during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.[118]
The United States government's response is coordinated by the National Security Council Directorate on Global Health Security and Biodefense – more commonly known as the White House Pandemic Office – in collaboration with the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). The White House Pandemic Office had previously reinstated Dr. Beth Cameron to the executive position.[119][120] The HHS is overseen by Secretary of Health and Human Services Xavier Becerra.
As of June 29, HHS has received requests from 32 states and jurisdictions, deploying over 9,000 doses of JYNNEOS vaccine and 300 courses of ST-246 (tecovirimat)[121][122] antiviral smallpox treatments.[123] The United States expanded deployment of JYNNEOS vaccines, allocating 296,000[124][125] doses over the coming weeks, 56,000 of which will be allocated immediately. Over the coming months a combined 2.5 million[126][127][110] additional doses will become available.[128]
Precautionary measures
Hospitals have begun making their own preparations to help control the current monkeypox outbreak, including screening patients, increasing decontamination and cleaning procedures,[129][130][131] and wearing appropriate safety gear[132][133] when interacting with infected patients.
See also
- 2003 Midwest monkeypox outbreak
- 2022 monkeypox outbreak in Brazil
- 2022 monkeypox outbreak in Canada
- 2022 monkeypox outbreak in India
- 2022 monkeypox outbreak in Japan
- 2022 monkeypox outbreak in New York (state)
- COVID-19 pandemic in the United States
- Smallpox vaccine
- Timeline of the 2022 monkeypox outbreak
External links
- CDC data:
- 2022 U.S. Map & Case Count (www.cdc.gov)
- Archive of "2022 Outbreak Cases and Data" on the Wayback Machine
Notes
- This is the increase in cases over the previous day.
References
- Constantino, Annika Kim (May 19, 2022). "Health officials confirm first U.S. case of monkeypox virus this year in Massachusetts". CNBC. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
- "2022 U.S. Map & Case Count". USA CDC. October 7, 2022. Archived from the original on October 8, 2022. Retrieved October 8, 2022.
- Steenhuysen, Julie (August 30, 2022). "Texas reports first monkeypox death". Reuters. Archived from the original on September 2, 2022. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
- Constantino, Annika Kim (May 19, 2022). "Health officials confirm first U.S. case of monkeypox virus this year in Massachusetts". CNBC. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
- CDC (July 15, 2022). "Monkeypox in the U.S." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved July 16, 2022.
- "U.S. declares monkeypox outbreak a public health emergency". Reuters. August 4, 2022. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
- Kimball, Spencer. "Texas reports what may be the first U.S. death from monkeypox". CNBC. Archived from the original on August 31, 2022. Retrieved August 31, 2022.
- "Multi-country monkeypox outbreak: situation update". www.who.int. World Health Organization. June 4, 2022. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
- "WHO Factsheet – Monkeypox". World Health Organization. May 19, 2022. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
- "Signs and Symptoms Monkeypox". CDC. May 11, 2015. Archived from the original on October 15, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
- Sutcliffe, Catherine G.; Rimone, Anne W.; Moss, William J. (2020). "32.2. Poxviruses". In Ryan, Edward T.; Hill, David R.; Solomon, Tom; Aronson, Naomi; Endy, Timothy P. (eds.). Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases E-Book (Tenth ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. pp. 272–277. ISBN 978-0-323-55512-8.
- Harris, Emily (May 27, 2022). "What to Know About Monkeypox". JAMA. 327 (23): 2278–2279. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.9499. PMID 35622356. S2CID 249096570.
- "Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries". World Health Organization. May 21, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
- Taha, M. J., Abuawwad, M. T., Alrubasy, W. A., Sameer, S. K., Alsafi, T., Al-Bustanji, Y., ... & Nashwan, A. J. Ocular manifestations of recent viral pandemics: A literature. health, 13, 14.
- Petersen, Brett W.; Damon, Inger K. (2020). "348. Smallpox, monkeypox and other poxvirus infections". In Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 2 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 2180–2183. ISBN 978-0-323-53266-2.
- "Monkeypox: experts give virus variants new names". World Health Organization. August 12, 2022.
- Adler, Hugh; Gould, Susan; Hine, Paul; Snell, Luke B.; Wong, Waison; Houlihan, Catherine F.; et al. (May 24, 2022). "Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK". The Lancet. Infectious Diseases. 22 (8): S1473–3099(22)00228–6. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00228-6. PMC 9300470. PMID 35623380. S2CID 249057804.
- "Transmission Monkeypox". CDC. May 11, 2015. Archived from the original on October 15, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
- "2003 U.S. Outbreak Monkeypox". CDC. May 11, 2015. Archived from the original on October 15, 2017. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
- "Treatment Monkeypox Poxvirus CDC". www.cdc.gov. December 28, 2018. Archived from the original on June 15, 2019. Retrieved October 11, 2019.
- Fine, P. E.; Jezek, Z.; Grab, B.; Dixon, H. (September 1988). "The transmission potential of monkeypox virus in human populations". International Journal of Epidemiology. 17 (3): 643–650. doi:10.1093/ije/17.3.643. ISSN 0300-5771. PMID 2850277.
- "Prevention". www.cdc.gov. November 29, 2019. Archived from the original on March 14, 2022. Retrieved May 14, 2022.
- "Interim Clinical Guidance for the Treatment of Monkeypox | Monkeypox | Poxvirus | CDC". www.cdc.gov. May 26, 2022. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
- "Monkeypox". GOV.UK. May 24, 2022. Archived from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
- "Multi-country monkeypox outbreak in non-endemic countries: Update". www.who.int. Retrieved July 2, 2022.
- "Monkeypox – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". World Health Organization. May 16, 2022. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
- Pinkstone, Joe (May 17, 2022). "Monkeypox 'spreading in sexual networks'". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on May 17, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
- Nsofor, Ifeanyi (June 2, 2022). "OPINION: Media coverage of monkeypox paints it as an African virus. That makes me mad". NPR. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
- Vargas, Ramon Antonio (June 7, 2022). "US raises monkeypox alert level but says risk to public remains low". the Guardian. Archived from the original on June 9, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
- "Monkeypox update: Where the outbreak stands now". Archived from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
- "Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Monkeypox Cases — United States, May 17–July 22, 2022" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control. August 5, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 13, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
- "Monkeypox outbreak: Epidemiological overview as of July 30". July 29, 2022.
- "Broward County may have Florida's first case of monkeypox". Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- "Florida has three cases of monkeypox, all in Broward County".
- "Monkeypox outbreak: Epidemiological overview as of August 20". September 13, 2022.
- "Massachusetts man is confirmed for monkeypox". New York Times. May 18, 2022. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
- Reuters (May 20, 2022). "Canada confirms first two monkeypox cases". Reuters. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
- "CDC and Massachusetts health officials investigating monkeypox case". CNN News. May 19, 2022. Archived from the original on June 1, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
- "New York City resident tests positive for monkeypox virus". CNBC. May 21, 2022. Archived from the original on July 24, 2022. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- Goldman, Russell (May 22, 2022). "'Everybody Should Be Concerned' About Monkeypox, Biden Warns". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 24, 2022. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- "Virginia Reports First Presumed Case of Monkeypox". Newsroom. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
- "San Francisco reports first suspected monkeypox case". Los Angeles Times. June 4, 2022. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
- "Hawaii reports probable case of monkeypox amid nationwide outbreak". Hawaii News. June 4, 2022. Archived from the original on June 5, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
- Mandavilli, Apoorva (June 3, 2022). "21 Americans Infected With Monkeypox, C.D.C. Reports". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
- Mandavilli, Apoorva (June 7, 2022). "Monkeypox Can Be Airborne, Too". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
- "Florida health officials looking into monkeypox case". May 23, 2022. Archived from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
- "Second possible case of monkeypox investigated in Florida". May 24, 2022. Archived from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
- "Third monkeypox case confirmed in Broward County". CBS News. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
- "Florida reports fourth case of monkeypox. CDC presumes community spread in US". Archived from the original on June 27, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
- "DC reports 1st orthopox, potential monkeypox case". ABC News. Archived from the original on June 6, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- Jacoby, Sarah (July 26, 2022). "US records more cases of monkeypox than any other country". TODAY. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
- "Early signs suggest monkeypox may be slowing in the U.S." www.npr.org. August 26, 2022. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
- "2022 U.S. Map & Case Count by". USA CDC. Archived from the original on June 16, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
- "Monkeypox". Archived from the original on August 4, 2022. Retrieved July 26, 2022.
- Staff, WLWT Digital (September 29, 2022). "Ohio health officials report state's first death associated with monkeypox virus". WLWT. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
- "Massachusetts public health officials confirm case of monkeypox | Mass.gov". www.mass.gov. Archived from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- Knutson, Jacob (May 21, 2022). "New York City confirms first case of monkeypox". Axios. Archived from the original on July 30, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- "Broward County may have Florida's first case of monkeypox". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- Bojórquez, Kim (May 25, 2022). "Utah confirms first monkeypox cases". Axios. Archived from the original on July 30, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- "Virginia Reports First Presumed Case of Monkeypox". Newsroom. Archived from the original on June 2, 2022. Retrieved July 30, 2022.
- "First presumptive case of monkeypox in Colorado". Denver Gazette. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
- "Washington state reports first confirmed case of monkeypox". Washington State Department of Health. Archived from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
- "CDC confirms first case of monkeypox in California". KCRA. May 27, 2022. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved May 27, 2022.
- "Pennsylvania detects first case of monkeypox in Philadelphia". Phila. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
- "City, State public health officials confirm first probable case of monkeypox virus in Illinois". Illinois Department of Public Health. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 2, 2022.
- "DOH Identifies Probable Monkeypox Case in Hawaii". Hawaii.gov. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 3, 2022.
- "DC Health Confirms First Orthopoxvirus and Potential Monkeypox Case in the District". DCHealth. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 5, 2022.
- Oliviero, Helena; Hansen, Zachary. "First suspected case of monkeypox in Georgia confirmed by CDC". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- "DSHS Confirms First Monkeypox Case in Texas for 2022". Texas Department of State Health Services. Archived from the original on July 28, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
- "First probable case of monkeypox identified in Rhode Island". Providence Journal. Archived from the original on July 8, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
- "Ohio Reports 1st Probable Monkeypox Case in the State". US News. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
- "OSDH Identifies First Probable Case of Monkeypox in Oklahoma". Oklahoma.gov. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 14, 2022.
- "First monkeypox case arrives in Nevada; officials say transmission risk is low". The Nevada Independent. Archived from the original on August 26, 2022. Retrieved June 15, 2022.
- "Presumed Human Monkeypox virus infection identified in Maryland resident". Maryland Department of Health. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
- "Oregon's first probable case of monkeypox reported by health officials". OPB. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
- "Health officials identify 1st probable case of monkeypox in Indiana". WTHR. June 18, 2022. Archived from the original on July 31, 2022. Retrieved June 18, 2022.
- "N.J. Department of Health Announces Probable Case of Monkeypox; Risk to New Jerseyans Remains Low". State of New Jersey Department of Health. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 20, 2022.
- "Missouri's first probable case of monkeypox found in Kansas City, health officials say". The Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
- "NC Officials Identify First Case of Monkeypox in State". North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from the original on August 6, 2022. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
- "First probable case of Monkeypox in Kentucky reported". WBKO. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
- "First Case Of Monkeypox Identified In Nebraska". Nebraska Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from the original on August 4, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- "Minnesota reports first case of monkeypox". Minnesota Department of Health. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- "First Probable Case of Monkeypox Identified in New Hampshire". New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- "MDHHS announces first probable monkeypox case in Michigan". Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from the original on July 15, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2022.
- "The Wisconsin Department of Health Services Identifies the First Case of Monkeypox in a Wisconsin Resident". Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- "First Case of Monkeypox in Iowa". Iowa Department of Public Health. Archived from the original on July 26, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- "Connecticut records first case of monkeypox". The CT Mirror. July 5, 2022. Archived from the original on July 17, 2022. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
- "Arkansas Department of Health identifies state's first case of monkeypox". 4029 News. July 6, 2022. Archived from the original on July 10, 2022. Retrieved July 6, 2022.
- "First probable monkeypox case reported in Idaho". Idaho Department of Health and Welfare. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved July 6, 2022.
- "LDH identifies first monkeypox case in a Louisiana resident". Louisiana Department of Health. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
- "First case of monkeypox being investigated in Tennessee". Action News 5. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
- "DHEC Announces First Confirmed Cases of Monkeypox Infection in South Carolina". South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- "First Probable Case of Monkeypox in West Virginia". West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- "Kansas identifies state's 1st presumed case of monkeypox". KWCH. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved July 9, 2022.
- "First probable monkeypox case reported in New Mexico". KRQE. July 11, 2022. Archived from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
- "Delaware Division Of Public Health Reports First Case Of Monkeypox In State". Delaware.gov. July 12, 2022. Archived from the original on August 2, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- "Pima County, ADHS announce Arizona's first monkeypox case beyond Phoenix area". Arizona Emergency Information Network. Archived from the original on July 26, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
- "First Case of Monkeypox Identified in South Dakota". South Dakota State News. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
- "Initial case of monkeypox reported in Alabama". Alabama Public Health. Archived from the original on July 25, 2022. Retrieved July 15, 2022.
- "North Dakota Department of Health identifies monkeypox case". North Dakota Department of Health. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
- "First case of monkeypox detected in Maine". WMTW. Archived from the original on August 4, 2022. Retrieved July 22, 2022.
- "First case of monkeypox detected in Mississippi". Mississippi State Department of Health. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
- "Alaska reports first case of monkeypox" (PDF). Alaska Department of Health and Social Services. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
- "Vermont announces first case of monkeypox virus (HMPXV) infection". Vermont Department of Health. July 29, 2022. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
- "First Montana monkeypox case confirmed in Flathead County". KBZK. August 5, 2022. Archived from the original on August 5, 2022. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
- "Wyoming's first monkeypox case found in Laramie County". Wyoming News Now. August 22, 2022. Archived from the original on August 22, 2022. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
- "Texas reports death tied to monkeypox, a first in the U.S." Stat News. August 22, 2022. Archived from the original on September 1, 2022. Retrieved August 22, 2022.
- "First U.S. monkeypox death confirmed in California". Stat News. September 13, 2022. Archived from the original on September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
- "Bavarian Nordic to Manufacture First Freeze-Dried Doses of Smallpox Vaccine Upon Exercise of Contract Option by the U.S. Government". News. Bavarian Nordic. May 18, 2022. Archived from the original on August 4, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- Sun, Lena H.; McGinley, Laurie (July 13, 2022). "Nearly 800,000 doses of monkeypox vaccine may be in U.S. by end of July". Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 14, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- Browne, Ed (May 19, 2022). "U.S. buys millions of monkeypox vaccines as Massachusetts man infected". Newsweek. Archived from the original on June 7, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
- Morris, Chris (May 19, 2022). "U.S. government places $119 million order for 13 million freeze-dried Monkeypox vaccines". Fortune. Archived from the original on May 20, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.
- "Monkeypox update: Where the outbreak stands now". Archived from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
- "Featured Priorities". March 22, 2016. Archived from the original on June 19, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
- "CDC updates U.S. Monkeypox cases to 45, says overall risk remains low | AHA News". Archived from the original on June 15, 2022. Retrieved June 16, 2022.
- Mandavilli, Apoorva (June 28, 2022). "As Monkeypox Spreads, U.S. Plans a Vaccination Campaign". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
- Diamond, Dan; Sun, Lena H.; Nirappil, Fenit (June 28, 2022). "Tens of thousands of monkeypox vaccines rushed to clinics". Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
- "Monkeypox outbreak in U.S. Is bigger than the CDC reports. Testing is 'abysmal'". NPR.org. Archived from the original on June 28, 2022. Retrieved June 28, 2022.
- Cameron, Beth (March 13, 2020). "I ran the White House pandemic office. Trump closed it". Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- "On-the-Record Press Call by Office of Science and Technology Policy Director Dr. Eric Lander and NSC Director for Global Health Security and Biodefense Dr. Beth Cameron on American Pandemic Preparedness". September 3, 2021. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- Grosenbach, Douglas W; Jordan, Robert; Hruby, Dennis E (May 2011). "Development of the small-molecule antiviral ST-246 as a smallpox therapeutic". Future Virology. 6 (5): 653–671. doi:10.2217/fvl.11.27. PMC 3151656. PMID 21837250.
- Yang, Guang; Pevear, Daniel C.; Davies, Marc H.; Collett, Marc S.; Bailey, Tom; Rippen, Susan; Barone, Linda; Burns, Chris; Rhodes, Gerry; Tohan, Sanjeev; Huggins, John W.; Baker, Robert O.; Buller, R. L. Mark; Touchette, Erin; Waller, Kem; Schriewer, Jill; Neyts, Johan; DeClercq, Erik; Jones, Kevin; Hruby, Dennis; Jordan, Robert (October 15, 2005). "An Orally Bioavailable Antipoxvirus Compound (ST-246) Inhibits Extracellular Virus Formation and Protects Mice from Lethal Orthopoxvirus Challenge". Journal of Virology. 79 (20): 13139–13149. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.20.13139-13149.2005. PMC 1235851. PMID 16189015.
- "US rolls out monkeypox vaccine plan as WHO warns of risk to kids". Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- "HHS Orders 2.5 Million More Doses of JYNNEOS Vaccine For Monkeypox Preparedness". Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs (ASPA). HHS.gov. July 1, 2022. Archived from the original on July 4, 2022. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
- "HHS orders additional vaccine, increases testing capacity to respond to monkeypox outbreak". ASPR Press Office. HHS.gov. July 15, 2022. Archived from the original on July 27, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- "Bavarian Nordic to supply an additional 2.5 million doses of JYNNEOS® vaccine, bringing deliveries in 2022 and 2023 to a total of nearly 7 million doses". Bavarian Nordic. July 15, 2022. Archived from the original on July 29, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
Filling capacity is being expanded with a U.S. based contract manufacturer who will fill the vaccines using existing bulk vaccine from previous orders from BARDA Tech transfer to the contract manufacturer and manufacturing planned for 2022
- "U.S. adds 2.5 million Bavarian Nordic monkeypox vaccine doses, expects more in July". Reuters. July 15, 2022. Archived from the original on July 27, 2022. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
- "FACT SHEET: Biden-Harris Administration's Monkeypox Outbreak Response". June 28, 2022. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- Kurth, Andreas; Achenbach, John; Miller, Liljia; Mackay, Ian M.; Pauli, Georg; Nitsche, Andreas (January 2008). "Orthopoxvirus Detection in Environmental Specimens during Suspected Bioterror Attacks: Inhibitory Influences of Common Household Products". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 74 (1): 32–37. Bibcode:2008ApEnM..74...32K. doi:10.1128/AEM.01501-07. PMC 2223225. PMID 17965204.
- "Prevent Spread of Disease | Smallpox | CDC". February 15, 2019. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- "Draft Smallpox Decontamination" (PDF). CDC. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
- "Personal Protective Equipment for Infection Control". Food and Drug Administration. May 11, 2020. Archived from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- "Considerations for U.S Healthcare Facilities to Ensure Adequate Supplies of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for Ebola Preparedness". CDC. April 12, 2019. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
External links
- Centers for Disease Control page about monkeypox
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Monkeypox Fact Sheet
| |||||||||||||||
| History |
| ||||||||||||||
| By location |
| ||||||||||||||
| Vaccines | |||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
