Aeropyrum pernix

Aeropyrum pernix is a species of extremophile archaea in the archaeal phylum Thermoproteota. It is an obligatorily thermophilic species. The first specimens were isolated from sediments in the sea off the coast of Japan.

Aeropyrum pernix
Scientific classification
Domain:
Archaea
Phylum:
Thermoproteota
Class:
Thermoprotei
Order:
Desulfurococcales
Family:
Desulfurococcaceae
Genus:
Aeropyrum
Species:
A. pernix
Binomial name
Aeropyrum pernix
Sako et al. 1996

Discovery

Aeropyrum pernix was the first strictly aerobic hyperthermophilic Archaea to be discovered. It was originally isolated from heated marine sediments and venting water collected in 1996 from a solfataric vent at Kodakara-jima Island in Kyūshū, Japan.[1]

Genome structure

Its complete genome was sequenced in 1999 and is 1,669 kilobases in size, with 2,694 possible genes detected.[2] All of the genes in the TCA cycle were found except for that of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. In its place, the genes coding for the two subunits of 2-oxoacid:ferredoxin oxidoreductase were identified.

Properties

The cells of Aeropyrum pernix are spherical in shape and approximately 1 μm in diameter. The envelope surrounding the cells of Aeropyrum is about 25 nm wide. The organisms grows at temperature between 70 and 100 °C (optimum, 90 to 95 °C), at pH 5 to 9 (optimum, pH 7), and at a salinity of 1.8 to 7% (optimum, 3.5% salinity). The growth of the organisms is not detected at 68 or 102 °C. Below 1.5% salinity, cells lyse by low osmotic shock. The cells of the organisms are sensitive to chloramphenicol and insensitive to ampicillin, vancomycin, and cycloserine. It grows well on proteinaceous substances, with a doubling time under these conditions of about 200 minutes.[1] This species lacks the genes for purine nucleotide biosynthesis and thus relies on environmental sources to meet its purine requirements.[3]

References
  1. Sako Y, Nomura N, Uchida A, et al. (1996). "Aeropyrum pernix gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel aerobic hyperthermophilic archaeon growing at temperatures up to 100 degrees C". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46 (4): 1070–7. doi:10.1099/00207713-46-4-1070. PMID 8863437.
  2. Kawarabayasi Y, Hino Y, Horikawa H, et al. (1999). "Complete genome sequence of an aerobic hyper-thermophilic crenarchaeon, Aeropyrum pernix K1". DNA Res. 6 (2): 83–101, 145–52. doi:10.1093/dnares/6.2.83. PMID 10382966.
  3. Brown, Anne M; Hoopes, Samantha L; White, Robert H; Sarisky, Catherine A (2011-12-14). "Purine biosynthesis in archaea: variations on a theme". Biology Direct. 6: 63. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-6-63. ISSN 1745-6150. PMC 3261824. PMID 22168471.

Further reading
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