Decane

Decane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C10H22. Although 75 structural isomers are possible for decane, the term usually refers to the normal-decane ("n-decane"), with the formula CH3(CH2)8CH3. All isomers, however, exhibit similar properties and little attention is paid to the composition.[5] These isomers are flammable liquids. Decane is present in small quantities (less than 1%) in gasoline (petrol) and kerosene.[6][7] Like other alkanes, it is a nonpolar solvent, and does not dissolve in water, and is readily combustible. Although it is a component of fuels, it is of little importance as a chemical feedstock, unlike a handful of other alkanes.[8]

Decane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Decane[1]
Other names
Decyl hydride
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
Beilstein Reference
 1696981
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.262
EC Number
  • 204-686-4
MeSH decane
PubChem CID
RTECS number
  • HD6550000
UNII
UN number 2247
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C10H22/c1-3-5-7-9-10-8-6-4-2/h3-10H2,1-2H3 Y
    Key: DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES
  • CCCCCCCCCC
Properties
Chemical formula
 C10H22
Molar mass 142.286 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor Gasoline-like (in high concentrations)
Density 0.730 g mL−1
Melting point −30.5 to −29.2 °C; −22.8 to −20.6 °F; 242.7 to 243.9 K
Boiling point 173.8 to 174.4 °C; 344.7 to 345.8 °F; 446.9 to 447.5 K
log P 5.802
Vapor pressure 195 Pa[2]
Henry's law
constant (kH)
 2.1 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
 -119.74·10−6 cm3/mol
Thermal conductivity 0.1381 W m−1 K−1 (300 K)[3]
Refractive index (nD)
 1.411–1.412
Viscosity
  • 0.850 mPa·s (25 °C)[4]
  • 0.920 mPa·s (20 °C)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)
 315.46 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298)
 425.89 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 −302.1–−299.9 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298)
 −6779.21–−6777.45 kJ mol−1
Hazards
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Flammable, moderately toxic
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word
 Danger
Hazard statements
 H226, H302, H304, H305
Precautionary statements
 P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
1
2
0
Flash point 46.0 °C (114.8 °F; 319.1 K)
Autoignition
temperature
 210.0 °C (410.0 °F; 483.1 K)
Explosive limits 0.8–2.6%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • >2 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit)
  • 601 mg/kg−1 (oral, rat)
Safety data sheet (SDS) hazard.com
Related compounds
Related alkanes
  • Nonane
  • Undecane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Reactions

Decane undergoes combustion, just like other alkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, it burns to form water and carbon dioxide.

2 C10H22 + 31 O2 → 20 CO2 + 22 H2O

With insufficient oxygen, carbon monoxide is also formed.

Other

It has a surface tension of 0.0238 N·m−1.[9]

See also
  • Higher alkanes
  • List of isomers of decane

References
  1. "decane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  2. Yaws, Carl L. (1999). Chemical Properties Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 159–179. ISBN 0-07-073401-1.
  3. Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
  4. Dymond, J. H.; Oye, H. A. (1994). "Viscosity of Selected Liquid n‐Alkanes". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 23 (1): 41–53. doi:10.1063/1.555943. ISSN 0047-2689.
  5. "75 Isomers of Decane". The Third Millennium Online! (in Latin). Retrieved 26 July 2021.
  6. "Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name". www.chemistryexplained.com. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
  7. "n-Decane (Annotation)". Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  8. Griesbaum, Karl; Behr, Arno; Biedenkapp, Dieter; Voges, Heinz-Werner; Garbe, Dorothea; Paetz, Christian; Collin, Gerd; Mayer, Dieter; Höke, Hartmut (15 June 2000), "Hydrocarbons", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_227, ISBN 3527306730
  9. Website of Krüss Archived 2013-12-01 at the Wayback Machine (8.10.2009)
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