Delftia lacustris

Delftia lacustris is a Gram-negative, nonfermentative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium from the family Comamonadaceae, which was isolated from mesotrophic lake water in Denmark.[3] It has the ability to degrade peptidoglycan through chitinase and lysozyme activity.[3]

Delftia lacustris
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Betaproteobacteria
Order: Burkholderiales
Family: Comamonadaceae
Genus: Delftia
Species:
D. lacustris
Binomial name
Delftia lacustris
Jørgensen et al. 2009, sp. nov.[1]
Type strain
DSM 21246, Jorgensen 332, LMG 24775[2]

Biology and biochemistry

Delftia lacustris is a Gram-negative, nonfermentative, motile bacterium. The cells are rod shaped, and are 2.3±0.7 μm long and 0.7±0.1 μm in diameter. Growth occurs at pH 5–10, temperatures of 3–37 °C, and salinities of 0–6 g/L. Growth is ideal at pH 6–7, 25 °C, and 1 g/L NaCl. D. lacustris is capable of nitrate reduction, but not denitrification. It is positive for acid and alkaline phosphatases, chitinases, and phosphohydrolase. Many compounds can be used as carbon and energy sources.[3]

Delftia lacustris is resistant to heavy metal toxicity from Cr(VI), Hg(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II).[4] It can also neutralize selenite and selenate through intracellular reduction that produces red elemental-Se.[5] Selenite detoxification is facilitated by glutathione-bound thiol groups.[6] Selenite concentrations can be reduced by 60-72% under ideal conditions.[5]

Applications

The LC-Z strain of Delftia lacustris isolated from polluted wastewaters is able to degrade naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, benzene, and toluene. This strain is halotolerant and resistant to heavy metals Cr(VI), Hg(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II). LC-Z has been proposed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation in combined pollution environments due to its ability to degrade organic compounds in the presence of heavy metals and high salinity.[4]

Co-cultures Delftia lacustris with Phanerochaete chrysosporium could be used for the bioremediation of petrochemical wastewaters by simultaneously neutralizing selenite and phenols.[6] Bacterial reduction of selenite protects P. chrysosporium against toxicity, while fungal degradation of phenols protects D. lacustris against toxicity.[6]

Delftia lacustris has been proposed for use as a biocontrol agent to protect tomato plants against phytopathogens. Plants growing in soil that contains D. lacustris are less susceptible to root rot and wilt disease. Enzymatic chitinase and local nutrient depletion reduce the risk of phytopathogenic infections.[7]

Pathogenesis

Delftia lacustris has been reported as a causative agent for nosocomial bacteremia, endocarditis, keratitis, and ocular infections.[8][9][10] There are four[8] possible and two confirmed[9][10] cases of D. lacustris infections that have all occurred in men of at least 40 years of age. Multidrug resistance to aminoglycosides and other antibiotics has been reported.[9][10] Infections caused by D. lacustris, D. acidovorans, and D. tsuruhatensis are difficult to distinguish using commercial methods and are often mistaken for one another.[9]

References
  1. A.C. Parte. "Delftia". LPSN. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  2. "LMG 24775 Strain Passport – StrainInfo". straininfo.net. Retrieved 2016-08-18.
  3. Jørgensen, N. O.; Brandt, K. K.; Nybroe, O; Hansen, M (2009). "Delftia lacustris sp. nov., a peptidoglycan-degrading bacterium from fresh water, and emended description of Delftia tsuruhatensis as a peptidoglycan-degrading bacterium" (PDF). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59 (Pt 9): 2195–9. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.008375-0. PMID 19605727.
  4. Wu, Wenyang; Huang, Haiying; Ling, Zhenmin; Yu, Zhengsheng; Jiang, Yiming; Liu, Pu; Li, Xiangkai (2016-01-01). "Genome sequencing reveals mechanisms for heavy metal resistance and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in Delftia lacustris strain LZ-C". Ecotoxicology. 25 (1): 234–247. doi:10.1007/s10646-015-1583-9. ISSN 1573-3017. PMID 26589947. S2CID 7203751.
  5. Wadgaonkar, Shrutika L.; Nancharaiah, Yarlagadda V.; Jacob, Claus; Esposito, Giovanni; Lens, Piet N. L. (2019). "Microbial transformation of Se oxyanions in cultures of Delftia lacustris grown under aerobic conditions". Journal of Microbiology. 57 (5): 362–371. doi:10.1007/s12275-019-8427-x. ISSN 1225-8873. PMID 30900147. S2CID 84847016.
  6. Chakraborty, Samayita; Rene, Eldon R.; Lens, Piet N. L. (2019). "Reduction of selenite to elemental Se(0) with simultaneous degradation of phenol by co-cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Delftia lacustris". Journal of Microbiology. 57 (9): 738–747. doi:10.1007/s12275-019-9042-6. ISSN 1225-8873. PMID 31376106. S2CID 199388008.
  7. Janahiraman, Veeranan; Anandham, Rangasamy; Kwon, Soon W.; Sundaram, Subbiah; Karthik Pandi, Veeranan; Krishnamoorthy, Ramasamy; Kim, Kiyoon; Samaddar, Sandipan; Sa, Tongmin (2016-11-07). "Control of Wilt and Rot Pathogens of Tomato by Antagonistic Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophic Delftia lacustris and Bacillus spp". Frontiers in Plant Science. 7: 1626. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.01626. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 5097904. PMID 27872630.
  8. Shin, S. Y.; Choi, J. Y.; Ko, K. S. (2012-12-01). "Four cases of possible human infections with Delftia lacustris". Infection. 40 (6): 709–712. doi:10.1007/s15010-012-0339-1. ISSN 1439-0973. PMID 23055149. S2CID 31739408.
  9. Sohn, K. M.; Baek, J.-Y.; Cheon, S.; Kim, Y.-S.; Koo, S. H. (2015-07-01). "Ocular infection associated with Delftia lacustris: first report". The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 19 (4): 449–450. doi:10.1016/j.bjid.2015.05.001. ISSN 1413-8670. PMID 26095905.
  10. Sohn, Kyung Mok; Baek, Jin-Yang (2015-05-04). "Delftia lacustris septicemia in a pheochromocytoma patient: case report and literature review". Infectious Diseases. 47 (5): 349–353. doi:10.3109/00365548.2014.993422. ISSN 2374-4235. PMID 25712727. S2CID 30239926.
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