Ewingella americana

Ewingella americana is a Gram-negative rod, and the only species in the genus Ewingella. It was first identified and characterized in 1983. Ewingella is in the family Yersiniaceae. The organism is rarely reported as a human pathogen, though it has been isolated from a variety of clinical specimens, including wounds, sputum, urine, stool, blood, synovial fluid,[2] conjunctiva, and peritoneal dialysate.[3] The bacterium is named in honor of William H. Ewing, an American biologist who contributed to modern taxonomy.

Ewingella americana
Scientific classification
Domain:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Pseudomonadota
Class:
Gammaproteobacteria
Order:
Enterobacterales
Family:
Yersiniaceae
Genus:
Ewingella
Species:
E. americana
Binomial name
Ewingella americana
Grimont et al. 1984[1]

Epidemiology

Respiratory-tract infections following retainment in intensive-care units has been observed in several instances. A case of E. americana causing osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the shoulder joint in a previous intravenous drug abuser has also been reported.[4] Vascular bypass surgery is a reported risk factor for colonization.[5][6] Debate currently exists as to this organism's predilection for immunocompromised patients.[7]

Pathophysiology and biochemistry

E. americana is an organism with simple nutritional needs that can survive in water and citrate solution, and preferentially grows at 4°C. Domestic sources of water, including air conditioning units, ice baths, and wound irrigation systems, have been cited as sources of infection.[8]

References
  1. Parte, A.C. "Ewingella". LPSN.
  2. Hassan S, Amer S, Mittal C, Sharma R (2012). "Ewingella americana: an emerging true pathogen". Case Reports in Infectious Diseases. 2012: 730720. doi:10.1155/2012/730720. PMC 3384899. PMID 22762003.
  3. Nam-Hee Ryoo; Jung-Sook Ha; Dong-Seok Jeon; Jae-Ryong Kim; Hyun-Chul Kim. (2005). "A Case of Pneumonia Caused by Ewingella americana in a Patient with Chronic Renal Failure". J Korean Med Sci. 20 (1): 143–5. doi:10.3346/jkms.2005.20.1.143. ISSN 1011-8934. PMC 2808562. PMID 15716620.
  4. Hassan S, Amer S, Mittal C, Sharma R (2012). "Ewingella americana: an emerging true pathogen". Case Reports in Infectious Diseases. 2012: 730720. doi:10.1155/2012/730720. PMC 3384899. PMID 22762003.
  5. Bear, N.; K. P. Klugman; L. Tobiansky & H. J. Koornhof (1986). "Wound colonization by Ewingella americana". J. Clin. Microbiol. 23 (3): 650–651. doi:10.1128/JCM.23.3.650-651.1986. PMC 268717. PMID 3958154.
  6. Devreese, K.; G. Claeys & G. Verschraegen (1992). "Septicemia with Ewingella americana". J. Clin. Microbiol. 30 (10): 2746–2747. doi:10.1128/JCM.30.10.2746-2747.1992. PMC 270514. PMID 1400980.
  7. Heizmann, W. R.; R. Michel (1991). "Isolation of Ewingella americana from a patient with conjunctivitis". Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 10 (11): 957–959. doi:10.1007/bf02005452. PMID 1794367. S2CID 8589322.
  8. Farmer, J. J., III; B. R. Davis; F. W. Hickman-Brenner; A. Mc-Whorther; G. P. Huntley-Carter; M. A. Asbury; C. Riddle; H. J. Wathern-Grady; C. Elias; G. R. Fanning; A. G. Steigerwalt; C. M. O’Hara; G. K. Morris; P. B. Smith & D. J. Brenner (1985). "Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens". J. Clin. Microbiol. 21 (1): 46–76. doi:10.1128/JCM.21.1.46-76.1985. PMC 271578. PMID 3881471.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)


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