Maullinia

Maullinia is a genus of intracellular, protistan parasites that infect brown algae (Phaeophyceae).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

Maullinia
E: Resting spores of Maullinia sp. resting spores in Durvillaea antarctica
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Chromista
Phylum: Cercozoa
Class: Phytomyxea
Order: Phagomyxida
Family: Phagomyxidae
Genus: Maullinia
I. Maier, E. R. Parodi, R. Wester-meier et D. G. Müller 2000

Distribution

Maullinia has been found in brown macroalgae across the Southern Hemisphere, including Chile, the Falkland Islands, Australia, New Zealand and various sub-Antarctic islands.[5][7] Based on genetic evidence, Maullinia have likely been dispersed widely via transport inside of buoyant rafts of southern bull kelp.[5][7][8]

Description
Yellow galls caused by Maullinia infections in two fronds southern bull kelp

Maullinia infections have been found in filamentous brown algae such Ectocarpus siliculosus and Acinetospora,[1][3] as well as in macroalgae including Macrocystis, Desmarestia, southern bull-kelp.[3][5][7] Maullinia can cause yellow galls to develop (0.5–4.0 centimetres (3⁄16–1+9⁄16 in) in diameter).[3][5][7][8]

Species
  • Maullinia braseltonii P. Murúa, F.Goecke et S. Neuhauser 2017[6][7]
  • Maullinia ectocarpii I. Maier, E. R. Parodi, R. Westermeier et D. G. Müller 2000[1][2][3][4][5][7]
— Until Parodi et al., 2010, was theorised to have no resting spore.[9][10][11]

References
  1. Maier, Ingo; Parodi, Elisa; Westermeier, Renato; Müller, Dieter G. (2000). "Maullinia ectocarpii gen. et sp. nov. (Plasmodiophorea), an Intracellular Parasite in Ectocarpus siliculosus (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) and other Filamentous Brown Algae". Protist. 151 (3): 225–238. doi:10.1078/1434-4610-00021. PMID 11079768.
  2. Parodi, Elisa R.; Cáceres, Eduardo J.; Westermeier, Renato; Müller, Dieter G. (2010). "Secondary zoospores in the algal endoparasite Maullinia ectocarpii (Plasmodiophoromycota)". Biocell. 34 (1): 45–52. doi:10.32604/biocell.2010.34.045. PMID 20506630.
  3. Goecke, Franz; Wiese, Jutta; Núñez, Alejandra; Labes, Antje; Imhoff, Johannes F.; Neuhauser, Sigrid (2012). "A Novel Phytomyxean Parasite Associated with Galls on the Bull-Kelp Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot". PLOS ONE. 7 (9): e45358. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0045358. PMC 3444446. PMID 23028958.
  4. Neuhauser, Sigrid; Kirchmair, Martin; Bulman, Simon; Bass, David (2014). "Cross-kingdom host shifts of phytomyxid parasites". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 14 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-33. PMC 4016497. PMID 24559266.
  5. Blake, Callum; Thiel, Martin; López, Boris A.; Fraser, Ceridwen I. (2017). "Gall-forming protistan parasites infect southern bull kelp across the Southern Ocean, with prevalence increasing to the south". Marine Ecology Progress Series. 583: 95–106. doi:10.3354/meps12346.
  6. Murúa, Pedro; Goecke, Franz; Westermeier, Renato; van West, Pieter; Küpper, Frithjof C.; Neuhauser, Sigrid (2017). "Maullinia braseltonii sp. nov. (Rhizaria, Phytomyxea, Phagomyxida): A Cyst-forming Parasite of the Bull Kelp Durvillaea spp. (Stramenopila, Phaeophyceae, Fucales)". Protist. 168 (4): 468–480. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2017.07.001. PMC 5673062. PMID 28822911.
  7. Mabey, Abigail L.; Parvizi, Elahe; Ceridwen, Fraser I. (2021). "Pathogen inferred to have dispersed thousands of kilometres at sea, infecting multiple keystone kelp species". Marine Biology. 168 (4): 47. doi:10.1007/s00227-021-03853-8. ISSN 0025-3162.
  8. Baranuik, Chris (5 April 2021). "Kelp Pathogen Has Spread Across the Southern Ocean". The Scientist. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  9. Richards, Thomas A.; Jones, Meredith D.M.; Leonard, Guy; Bass, David (2012-01-15). "Marine Fungi: Their Ecology and Molecular Diversity". Annual Review of Marine Science. Annual Reviews. 4 (1): 495–522. doi:10.1146/annurev-marine-120710-100802. ISSN 1941-1405.
  10. Gleason, Frank H.; Küpper, Frithjof C.; Amon, James P.; Picard, Kathryn; Gachon, Claire M. M.; Marano, Agostina V.; Sime-Ngando, Télesphore; Lilje, Osu (2011-04-28). "Zoosporic true fungi in marine ecosystems: a review". Marine and Freshwater Research. CSIRO. 62 (4): 383–393. doi:10.1071/MF10294. ISSN 1448-6059. Retrieved 2022-03-12.
  11. Neuhauser, Sigrid; Kirchmair, Martin; Gleason, Frank H. (2011-04-28). "Ecological roles of the parasitic phytomyxids (plasmodiophorids) in marine ecosystems – a review". Marine and Freshwater Research. CSIRO. 62 (4): 365–371. doi:10.1071/MF10282. ISSN 1448-6059. Retrieved 2022-03-12.
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