Sucking louse

Sucking lice (Anoplura, formerly known as Siphunculata) have around 500 species and represent the smaller of the two traditional superfamilies of lice. As opposed to the paraphyletic chewing lice, which are now divided among three suborders, the sucking lice are monophyletic.

Sucking louse
Linognathus setosus (Linognathidae)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Psocodea
Suborder: Troctomorpha
Infraorder: Nanopsocetae
Parvorder: Phthiraptera
Superfamily: Anoplura
Leach, 1815
Families
  • Echinophthiriidae
  • Enderleinellidae
  • Haematopinidae
  • Hamophthiriidae
  • Hoplopleuridae
  • Hybophthiridae
  • Linognathidae
  • Microthoraciidae
  • Neolinognathidae
  • Pecaroecidae
  • Pedicinidae
  • Pediculidae
  • Polyplacidae
  • Pthiridae
  • Ratemiidae
Synonyms

Siphunculata

The Anoplura are all blood-feeding ectoparasites of mammals. They only occur on about 20% of all placentalian mammal species, and are unknown from several orders of mammals (Monotremata, Edentata, Pholidota, Chiroptera, Cetacea, Sirenia, and Proboscidea).[1] They can cause localized skin irritations and are vectors of several blood-borne diseases. Children appear particularly susceptible to attracting lice, possibly due to their fine hair.

At least three species or subspecies of Anoplura are parasites of humans; the human condition of being infested with sucking lice is called pediculosis. Pediculus humanus is divided into two subspecies, Pediculus humanus humanus, or the human body louse, sometimes nicknamed "the seam squirrel" for its habit of laying of eggs in the seams of clothing, and Pediculus humanus capitis, or the human head louse. Pthirus pubis (the human pubic louse) is the cause of the condition known as crabs.

Families

These 15 families are generally recognized in the Anoplura:[2]

  • Echinophthiriidae Enderlein, 1904 – (seal lice)
  • Enderleinellidae Ewing, 1929
  • Haematopinidae Enderlein, 1904 – (ungulate lice)
  • Hamophthiriidae Johnson, 1969
  • Hoplopleuridae Ewing, 1929 – (armoured lice)
  • Hybophthiridae Ewing, 1929
  • Linognathidae Webb, 1946 – (pale lice)
  • Microthoraciidae Kim & Lugwig, 1978
  • Neolinognathidae Fahrenholz, 1936
  • Pecaroecidae von Kéler, 1963
  • Pedicinidae Enderlein, 1904 – (Old World monkey lice)
  • Pediculidae Leach, 1817 – (body lice)
  • Polyplacidae Fahrenholz, 1912 – (spiny rat lice)
  • Pthiridae Ewing, 1929 – (pubic lice)
  • Ratemiidae Kim & Lugwig, 1978

See also
  • Use of DNA in forensic entomology

References
  1. Piotrowski, F. (1992): Anoplura (echte Läuse). de Gruiter; 61 pp. (page 8)
  2. Johnson, Kevin P.; Smith, Vincent S. (2021). "Psocodea species file online, Version 5.0". Retrieved 2021-11-05.
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