Sulfolobales

In taxonomy, the Sulfolobales are an order of the Thermoprotei.[1]

Sulfolobales
Electron micrograph of Sulfolobus infected with Sulfolobus virus STSV1. Bar = 1 μm.
Scientific classification
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Proteoarchaeota
Superphylum: TACK group
Phylum: Thermoproteota
Class: Thermoprotei
Order: Sulfolobales
Stetter, 1989
Family
Synonyms

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) [2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[1]

16S rRNA based LTP_12_2021[3][4][5] 53 marker proteins based GTDB 07-RS207[6][7][8]
 
 
Fervidicoccales

Fervidicoccaceae

 
 
"Ignicoccaceae"

Ignicoccus

 
Desulfurococcaceae
 

Aeropyrum

 
 
 

Thermodiscus

 
 

Stetteria

 
 
clade 2
 
 
 
 
 
"Ignisphaeraceae"

Ignisphaera

 
 

Pyrodictiaceae

 
 
 
 

Desulfurococcaceae clade 1

 
 
Acidilobales
 

Caldisphaeraceae

 
 

Acidilobaceae

 
 
 
 
 
Sulfolobales

Sulfolobaceae

 
 
 
Sulfolobales
 
 
 

Fervidicoccaceae

 
 
"Ignicoccaceae"

Ignicoccus

 
Acidilobaceae
 

Aeropyrum

 
 
 

Caldisphaera

 
 

Acidilobus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Pyrodictiaceae

 
 

Desulfurococcaceae

 
 
 
 
 
 

Ignisphaera {"Ignisphaeraceae"}

 
 

Zestosphaera {NBVN01}

 
 
 

Sulfolobaceae

 
 
 

DNA transfer

Exposure of Sulfolobus solfataricus to the DNA damaging agents UV-irradiation, bleomycin or mitomycin C induces cellular aggregation.[9] Other physical stressors, such as pH or temperature shift, do not induce aggregation, suggesting that induction of aggregation is caused specifically by DNA damage. Ajon et al.[10] showed that UV-induced cellular aggregation mediates chromosomal marker exchange with high frequency. Recombination rates exceeded those of uninduced cultures by up to three orders of magnitude. Frols et al.[9][11] and Ajon et al.[10] hypothesized that the UV-inducible DNA transfer process and subsequent homologous recombinational repair represents an important mechanism to maintain chromosome integrity. This response may be a primitive form of sexual interaction, similar to the more well-studied bacterial transformation that is also associated with DNA transfer between cells leading to homologous recombinational repair of DNA damage. In another related species, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, UV-irradiation also increases the frequency of recombination due to genetic exchange.[12]

The ups operon

The ups (UV-induced pilus) operon of Sulfolobus species is highly induced by UV irradiation. The pili encoded by this operon are employed in promoting cellular aggregation, which is necessary for subsequent DNA exchange between cells, resulting in homologous recombination.[13]

A study of the Sulfolobales acidocaldarius ups operon showed that one of the genes downstream of the operon, saci-1497, encodes an endonuclease III that nicks UV-damaged DNA; and another gene of the operon, saci-1500, encodes a RecQ-like helicase that is able to unwind homologous recombination intermediates such as Holliday junctions.[13] It was proposed that Saci-1497 and Saci-1500 function in an homologous recombination-based DNA repair mechanism that uses transferred DNA as a template.[13] Thus it is thought that the ups system in combination with homologous recombination provide a DNA damage response which rescues Sulfolobales from DNA damaging threats.[13]

References
  1. Sayers; et al. "Sulfolobales". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  2. J.P. Euzéby. "Sulfolobales". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  3. "The LTP". Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  4. "LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  5. "LTP_12_2021 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  6. "GTDB release 07-RS207". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  7. "ar53_r207.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  8. "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
  9. Fröls S, Ajon M, Wagner M, Teichmann D, Zolghadr B, Folea M, Boekema EJ, Driessen AJ, Schleper C, Albers SV (2008). "UV-inducible cellular aggregation of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus is mediated by pili formation" (PDF). Mol. Microbiol. 70 (4): 938–52. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06459.x. PMID 18990182.
  10. Ajon M, Fröls S, van Wolferen M, Stoecker K, Teichmann D, Driessen AJ, Grogan DW, Albers SV, Schleper C (2011). "UV-inducible DNA exchange in hyperthermophilic archaea mediated by type IV pili" (PDF). Mol. Microbiol. 82 (4): 807–17. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07861.x. PMID 21999488.
  11. Fröls S, White MF, Schleper C (2009). "Reactions to UV damage in the model archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 37 (Pt 1): 36–41. doi:10.1042/BST0370036. PMID 19143598.
  12. Wood ER, Ghané F, Grogan DW (1997). "Genetic responses of the thermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius to short-wavelength UV light". J. Bacteriol. 179 (18): 5693–8. doi:10.1128/jb.179.18.5693-5698.1997. PMC 179455. PMID 9294423.
  13. van Wolferen M, Ma X, Albers SV (2015). "DNA Processing Proteins Involved in the UV-Induced Stress Response of Sulfolobales". J. Bacteriol. 197 (18): 2941–51. doi:10.1128/JB.00344-15. PMC 4542170. PMID 26148716.

Further reading

Scientific journals

Scientific books

Scientific databases
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