Vitamin D analogues
The active natural hormonal form of vitamin D is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). This molecule and other naturally occurring forms of vitamin D, including its precursors and metabolites, have been modified to synthesize pharmaceuticals with potentially greater, or selective, therapeutic actions.[1][2][3][4]
Types
These include:
- Alfacalcidol
- Calcipotriol (calcipotriene)
- Doxercalciferol
- Falecalcitriol
- Paricalcitol
- Tacalcitol
Mechanisms
These modified vitamin D analogues have side chain or other modifications. They aim to reduce the classical renal and intestinal effects of calcitriol on calcium and phosphate homeostasis, from its effects on other biologic processes.[5] They target cell proliferation and differentiation, especially in skin, or other effects in the parathyroid gland (secondary hyperparathyroidism) or bone cells.[5]
References
- Ashcroft DM, Po AL, Williams HC, Griffiths CE (April 2000). "Systematic review of comparative efficacy and tolerability of calcipotriol in treating chronic plaque psoriasis". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 320 (7240): 963–7. doi:10.1136/bmj.320.7240.963. PMC 27334. PMID 10753146.
- Martin KJ, González EA (November 2001). "Vitamin D analogues for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 38 (5 Suppl 5): S34–40. doi:10.1053/ajkd.2001.28109. PMID 11689385.
- O'Neill JL, Feldman SR (May 2010). "Vitamine D analogue-based therapies for psoriasis". Drugs of Today. 46 (5): 351–60. doi:10.1358/dot.2010.46.5.1473264. PMID 20517536.
- Birlea SA, Costin GE, Norris DA (April 2008). "Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the action of vitamin D analogs targeting vitiligo depigmentation". Current Drug Targets. 9 (4): 345–59. doi:10.2174/138945008783954970. PMID 18393827.
- Bikle DD (March 2014). "Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications". Chemistry & Biology. 21 (3): 319–29. doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.12.016. PMC 3968073. PMID 24529992.
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