Xanthomonas campestris

Xanthomonas campestris is a bacterium that causes a variety of plant diseases, including "black rot" in cruciferous vegetables[1][2] and bacterial wilt of turfgrass.

Xanthomonas campestris
Leaf spot of English ivy caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. hederae
Scientific classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Xanthomonadales
Family: Xanthomonadaceae
Genus: Xanthomonas
Species:
X. campestris
Binomial name
Xanthomonas campestris
(Pammel 1895) Dowson 1939
Type strain
NCPPB 528
Synonyms

Bacillus campestris Pammel 1895
Pseudomonas campestris (Pammel 1895) Smith 1897
Bacterium campestris (Pammel 1895) Smith 1897
Phytomonas campestris (Pammel 1895) Bergey et al. 1923

It is also used in the commercial production of xanthan gum, a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide which has many important uses, especially in the food industry.

Pathovars

(pv. means pathovar, a type of classification based on the host plant that is attacked by Xanthomonas campestris)

  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae A
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. begoniae B
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. cannabis[3]
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. carota
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. dieffenbachiae
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines syn. Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines[4]
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. graminis
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. hederae
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. hyacinthi
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis – the walnut blight
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum or Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. mori[5]
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. nigromaculans
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. poinsettiicola
  • Xanthomonas pruni syn. X. campestris pv. pruni
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. sesami
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. tardicrescens
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
  • Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola[6]

The former X. c. pv. citri, which causes citrus canker, was reclassified as X. axonopodis in 1995. In 2006, the species designations for X. c. pv. citri and X. c. pv. malvacearum were revised to xes. citri and these pathovars are now referred to as subspecies.

References
  1. Sally A. Miller; F. Sahin; Randall C. Rowe. "Black Rot of Crucifers, HYG-3125-96" (web). Plant Pathology. Ohioline, The Ohio State University. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
  2. Black Rot of Cabbage | Horticulture and Home Pest News. Integrated Pest Management at Iowa State University.
  3. Jacobs, J. M.; Pesce, C; Lefeuvre, P; Koebnik, R (2015). "Comparative genomics of a cannabis pathogen reveals insight into the evolution of pathogenicity in Xanthomonas". Frontiers in Plant Science. 6: 431. doi:10.3389/fpls.2015.00431. PMC 4468381. PMID 26136759.
  4. "Bacterial pustule on soybean". University of Minnesota Extension. Retrieved 2021-08-23.
  5. Maji MD, Qadri MH, Pal SC (1998). "Xanthomonas campestris pv. mori, a new bacterial pathogen of mulberry." Sericologia 38(3): 519-522.
  6. Outbreak of grapevine bacterial canker disease in India. R. Chand and R. Kishun, Vitis, 1990, volume 29, pages 183-188.

Further reading
  • Gerhard Reuther, Martin Bahmann: Elimination of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii by Means of Micropropagation of Pelargonium Stock Plants; In: 3rd International Geranium Conference, 1992. Proceedings, Ball Publishing Batavia, IL. USA; (1992),
  • Schaad NW, Postnikova E, Lacy GH, Sechler A, Agarkova I, Stromberg PE, Stromberg VK, Vidaver AK (2006). "Emended classification of xanthomonad pathogens on citrus." Syst Appl Microbiol 29(8): 690–695.
  • Vauterin L, Hoste B, Kersters K, and Swings J (1995). "Reclassification of Xanthomonas." Int J Syst Bacteriol 45: 472–489.
  • Maji MD, Qadri MH, Pal SC (1998). "Xanthomonas campestris pv. mori, a new bacterial pathogen of mulberry." Sericologia 38(3): 519–522.


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