Acrobatics

Acrobatics (from Ancient Greek ἀκροβατέω akrobatéō 'walk on tiptoe, strut')[1] is the performance of human feats of balance, agility, and motor coordination. Acrobatic skills are used in performing arts, sporting events, and martial arts. Extensive use of acrobatic skills are most often performed in acro dance, circus, and gymnastics, and to a lesser extent in other athletic activities including ballet, slacklining and diving. Although acrobatics is most commonly associated with human body performance, the term is used to describe other types of performance, such as aerobatics.

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Performing arts
A showgirl performing aerial silk

History
A female acrobat depicted on an Ancient Greek hydria, c. 340–330 BC.
Female acrobat shooting an arrow with a bow in her feet; Gnathia style pelikai pottery; 4th century BC
Acrobatic performance in India circa 1863

Acrobatic traditions are found in many cultures, and there is evidence that the earliest such traditions occurred thousands of years ago. For example, Minoan art from c. 2000 BC contains depictions of acrobatic feats on the backs of bulls. Ancient Greeks practiced acrobatics,[2] and the noble court displays of the European Middle Ages would often include acrobatic performances that included juggling.

In China, acrobatics have been a part of the culture since the Tang Dynasty (203 BC). Acrobatics were part of village harvest festivals.[3] During the Tang Dynasty, acrobatics saw much the same sort of development as European acrobatics saw during the Middle Ages, with court displays during the 7th through 10th century dominating the practice.[4] Acrobatics continues to be an important part of modern Chinese variety art.

Though the term initially applied to tightrope walking, in the 19th century, a form of performance art including circus acts began to use the term as well. In the late 19th century, tumbling and other acrobatic and gymnastic activities became competitive sport in Europe.

Acrobatics has often served as a subject for fine art. Examples of this are paintings such as Acrobats at the Cirque Fernando (Francisca and Angelina Wartenberg) by Impressionist Pierre-Auguste Renoir, which depicts two German acrobatic sisters, Pablo Picasso's 1905 Acrobat and Young Harlequin, and Acrobats in a Paris suburb by Viktor Vasnetsov.

Types
Chinese acrobat in midair after being propelled off a teeterboard, China, 1987

Acrobalance

Acrobalance is a floor based acrobatic art that involves balances, lifts and creating shapes performed in pairs or groups.

Acro dance
Main article: Acro dance

Acro dance is a style of dance that combines classical dance technique with precision acrobatic elements.

Aerial

Aerial is acrobatics performed in the air on a suspended apparatus.[5]

Trapeze

A trapeze is a short horizontal bar hung by ropes or metal straps from a support. Trapeze acts may be static, spinning (rigged from a single point), swinging or flying, and may be performed solo, double, triple or as a group act.[6]

Cord lisse

Corde lisse is a skill or act that involves acrobatics on a vertically hanging rope. The name is French for "smooth rope".

Cloud swing

Cloud swing is a skill that usually combines static and swinging trapeze skills, drops, holds and rebound lifts.

Cradle

Cradle (also known as aerial cradle or casting cradle) is a type of aerial circus skill in which a performer hangs by their knees from a large rectangular frame and swings, tosses, and catches another performer

Silks

Aerial silks is a type of aerial skill in which one or more artists perform aerial acrobatics while hanging from a long length of fabric suspended from a frame or ceiling.

Hoop

Aerial hoop (also known as the lyra, aerial ring or cerceau/cerceaux') is a circular steel apparatus (resembling a hula hoop) suspended from the ceiling or a frame, on which artists may perform aerial acrobatics. It can be used static, spinning, or swinging.

  • A fixed doubles trapeze act
  • Aerial hoop act
  • Aerial silks

Contortion

Contortion (sometimes contortionism) is a performance art in which performers called contortionists showcase their skills of extreme physical flexibility

Rope and wire walking
Main articles: Tightrope walking and Slacklining

Tightrope walking, also called funambulism, is the skill of walking along a thin wire or rope. Its earliest performance has been traced to Ancient Greece.[7] It is commonly associated with the circus. Other skills similar to tightrope walking include slack rope walking and slacklining.

  • High wire act
  • Korean tightrope-walking, Jultagi

Tumbling

Tumbling is an acrobatic skill involving rolls, twists, somersaults and other rotational activities using the whole body. Its origin can be traced to ancient China, Ancient Greece and ancient Egypt.[8] Tumbling continued in medieval times and then in circuses and theatre before becoming a competitive sport.

See also
  • Acrobatic gymnastics
  • List of acrobatic activities

References
  1. ἀκροβατέω, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek–English Lexicon, Perseus Project
  2. Iversen, Rune (June 2014). "Bronze Age acrobats: Denmark, Egypt, Crete". World Archaeology. 46 (2): 242–255. doi:10.1080/00438243.2014.886526. S2CID 162668376.
  3. "redpanda2000". Archived from the original on 2018-01-14. Retrieved 2006-03-27.
  4. "Chinese - Languages and ESL Division - Pasadena City College". pasadena.edu.
  5. "Circus Dictionary". National Institute of Circus Arts. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
  6. "Circus Dictionary". National Institute of Circus Arts. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved October 1, 2009.
  7. "Acrobatics | entertainment". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-03-05.
  8. "Tumbling | acrobatics". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2021-03-05.
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