Eden Gardens

Eden Gardens is a cricket ground in Kolkata, India. Established in 1864, it is the oldest[2][3][4] and second-largest cricket stadium in India and third-largest in the world. The stadium currently has a capacity of 66,000.[5]

Not to be confused with Eden Gardens State Park, Eden Garden, or Garden of Eden.

Eden Gardens
Night view of Eden Gardens
LocationKolkata, West Bengal, India
Establishment1864 (1864)
Capacity66,000 Current
100,000 (1987_2010)
40,000 (before 1987)
Record Attendance 110,564 (Sri Lanka Vs India 1996 Cricket World Cup Semi Final)
OwnerEastern Command (India)[1]
OperatorCricket Association of Bengal
TenantsIndian cricket team (1934-present)
India women's national cricket team (1978-present)
Kolkata Knight Riders (2008–present)
Bengal cricket team (1908–present)
Bengal women's cricket team
End names
High Court End
Pavilion End
First Test5–8 January 1934:
 India v  England
Last Test22–24 November 2019:
 India v  Bangladesh
First ODI18 February 1987:
 India v  Pakistan
Last ODI21 September 2017:
 India v  Australia
First T20I29 October 2011:
 India v  England
Last T20I20 February 2022:
 India v  West Indies
First WODI1 January 1978:
 India v  England
Last WODI9 December 2005:
 India v  England
Only WT20I3 April 2016:
 Australia v  West Indies
As of 20 February 2022
Source: ESPNcricinfo

Eden Gardens is often referred to as home of Indian cricket. The ground has been referred to as "cricket's answer to the Colosseum".[6] Eden Gardens is called the "Mecca of Indian cricket", due to it being the first officially built ground for the game of cricket in India.[7][8] Eden Gardens has hosted matches in major international competitions including the World Cup, World Twenty20 and Asia Cup. In 1987, Eden Gardens became the second stadium to host a World Cup final. The 2016 ICC World Twenty20 final was held at the stadium, with the West Indies beating England in a closely fought encounter.Eden Gardens record crowd 110,564 in 1996 India Vs Sri Lanka Cricket World Cup Semi Final.

Stadium history
Ground of the Calcutta Cricket Club, 15 Jan'y. 1861 H.M. 68th L.I. from Rangoon, versus the Calcutta Cricket Club, a lithograph after a watercolour by Percy Carpenter, depicting a Calcutta Cricket Club match played at Eden Gardens.

The stadium was established in 1864. It takes its name from the Eden Gardens, one of the oldest parks in Kolkata, adjacent to the stadium, designed in 1841 and named after the Eden sisters of Lord Auckland, the then Governor-General of India.[9] Initially it was named 'Auckland Circus Gardens' but later changed to 'Eden Gardens' by its makers inspired by the Garden of Eden in the Bible.[10] According to popular culture, Babu Rajchandra Das, the then zamindar (landlord) of Kolkata, had gifted one of his biggest gardens besides the river Hooghly, to Viceroy Lord Auckland Eden and his sister Emily Eden after they helped him by saving his 3rd daughter from a fatal disease. From then onwards the garden's name was changed from Mar Bagan to Eden Gardens. The cricket grounds were built between Babughat and Fort William.[11] The stadium is in the B. B. D. Bagh area of the city, near the State Secretariat and opposite to the Calcutta High Court.

The first recorded Test at the venue was held in 1934 between England and India,[12] its first One Day International in 1987 between India and Pakistan[13] and its first T20 international in 2011 between India and England.[14] The Hero Cup semi-final featuring India and South Africa was the first day/night match.[15] The stadium also hosted matches of the inaugural edition of Nehru Cup.[16]

India versus Uruguay match at Eden Gardens in Nehru Cup on 14 January 1984

Eden Gardens hosted India versus Uruguay football match in 1984 Nehru Cup.[17]

Stadium

The stadium is the headquarters of the Cricket Association of Bengal. Apart from International matches, the stadium hosts matches for domestic Indian cricket and is the home of Kolkata Knight Riders. The stadium's Club House is named after former Chief Minister of West Bengal Dr. B. C. Roy.

1987 renovation

Before the 1987 World Cup, the stadium had a capacity of 40,000. It was expanded to 100,000.[18] Renovations included changes to press box, club house and television infrastructure. 42 columns provided the support for large roofs and multi-tiered covered stands. Even after the renovation, not all seats were covered and many sections lacked individual seats.

However, match day attendance of more than 100,000 spectators[19] have been recorded on at least 6 occasions until the early 2000s.

2011 renovation

Eden Gardens underwent renovation for the 2011 Cricket World Cup.[20] Renovation had been undertaken to meet the standards set by the International Cricket Council (ICC) for the 2011 World Cup. The Cricket Association of Bengal retained the team of Burt Hill and VMS to renovate the Eden Gardens Cricket Stadium. The plans for the renovated stadium included a new clubhouse and players' facilities, upgrades of the exterior walls to give the stadium a new look, cladding the existing roof structure with a new metal skin, new/upgraded patron amenities & signage and general infrastructure improvements. The upgrade also meant reduction of the seating capacity to about 68,000 from around 94,000 before the upgrade.

Due to unsafe conditions arising from the incomplete renovations, the ICC withdrew the India vs. England match from the Eden Gardens. This match, scheduled on 27 February 2011,[21] was played in Bengaluru at M.Chinnaswamy Stadium.

The stadium hosted the remaining three scheduled World Cup 2011 Matches on 15, 18 and 20 March 2011. In the last of these three matches (Kenya vs Zimbabwe), the stadium had the lowest ticket-purchasing crowd in its recorded history with 15 spectators having bought tickets.[22]

Stands

Eden Gardens stands have been named after prominent local cricketers and soldiers. On 22 January 2017, two stands were named after Indian cricketers - Sourav Ganguly and Pankaj Roy while two more were after cricket administrators - BN Dutt (BCCI President 1988 to 1990) and Jagmohan Dalmiya (BCCI President 2001–04, 2013 - interim, 2015).[23] Dalmiya served as ICC President from 1997 to 2000.

On 27 April 2017, 4 stands were named after Indian soldiers[24] - Colonel Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair, Havildar Hangpan Dada, Lieutenant Colonel Dhan Singh Thapa and Subedar Joginder Singh Sahnan. LC Thapa and Subedar Singh are Param Vir Chakra awardees - the highest wartime military decoration in India while Col Nair and Havildar Dada are Ashok Chakra - the highest peacetime military decoration.

Experience
  • Eden Gardens front facade
  • Massive crowd during KKR Vs RCB 2017 IPL match.
  • The ground before Cricket World Cup 2011 renovation.
  • Eden Gardens after renovations.
  • Night view of Eden Gardens

Eden Gardens is renowned for its large and passionate crowds.[25][26] Former Aussie captain Steve Waugh considers the Eden Gardens as 'Lord's of the subcontinent'.[27] Dileep Vengsarkar called Eden Gardens as the second best after Lords.[26] Former Indian Captain and Kolkata Native Sourav Ganguly confessed once in an interview that the roar of crowd at the stadium he heard when India defeated Australia in the Second Test of 2000–01 Border–Gavaskar Trophy was the loudest he had ever heard.

In 2016, a bell was added to the stadium to ring in the start of day's play for test cricket and start of match for ODI & T20I matches. Kapil Dev was the first person to ring the bell to start the test match between India and New Zealand in September 2016.[28]

Cricket World Cup matches
The Bell at the Eden Gardens

Eden Gardens has hosted 15 Cricket World Cup matches hosted in India across formats and men's and women's cricket. Eden Gardens has hosted 6 Cricket World Cup matches in 1987 (2), 1996 (1), 2011 (3). The stadium hosted 5 T20I matches during 2016 ICC World Twenty20. The stadium hosted 2 Women's Cricket World Cup matches - one each in 1978 and 1997 and one Women T20I match during the 2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20 tournament.

Eden Gardens has hosted 4 finals (1987 ODI CWC, 2016 T20I, 1997 Women's CWC and 2016 Women's T20I) and 1 semi-final (1996 ODI CWC).

1987 ICC Cricket World Cup
23 October 1987
Scorecard
Zimbabwe 
228/5 (50 overs)
v
 New Zealand
229/6 (47.4 overs)
Kevin Arnott 51 (83)
Stephen Boock 2/43 (10 overs)
Jeff Crowe 88* (105)
Ali Shah 2/34 (10 overs)
 New Zealand won by 4 wickets
Player of the match: Jeff Crowe (NZ)
8 November 1987
Scorecard
Australia 
253/5 (50 overs)
v
 England
246/8 (50 overs)
David Boon 75 (125)
Eddie Hemmings 2/48 (10 overs)
Bill Athey 58 (103)
Allan Border 2/38 (7 overs)
 Australia won by 7 runs
Player of the match: David Boon (Aus)

1996 ICC Cricket World Cup
13 March 1996
Scorecard
Sri Lanka 
251/8 (50 overs)
v
 India
120/8 (34.1 overs)
 Sri Lanka won by default
  • The match was awarded to Sri Lanka by match referee Clive Lloyd when play could not continue due to the rioting crowd.

2011 ICC Cricket World Cup

Eden Gardens was meant to host a Group B Match between India and England on 27 February 2011. The ICC, however, stripped the stadium of the match after deciding that the renovation of the grounds would not be completed in time.

15 March 2011
14:30 (D/N)
South Africa 
272/7 (50 overs)
v
 Ireland
141 (33.2 overs)
JP Duminy 99 (103)
John Mooney 1/36 (8 overs)
Gary Wilson 31 (48)
Robin Peterson 3/32 (8 overs)
 South Africa won by 131 runs
Umpires: Kumar Dharmasena (SL) and Billy Doctrove (WI)
Player of the match: JP Duminy (SA)
  • Ireland won the toss and elected to field.
18 March 2011
09:30
Netherlands 
306 (50 overs)
v
 Ireland
307/4 (47.4 overs)
Ryan ten Doeschate 106 (108)
Paul Stirling 2/51 (10 overs)
Paul Stirling 101 (72)
Tom Cooper 2/31 (7 overs)
 Ireland won by 6 wickets
Umpires: Billy Doctrove (WI) and Ian Gould (Eng)
Player of the match: Paul Stirling (Ire)
  • Ireland won the toss and elected to field.
20 March 2011
09:30
Zimbabwe 
308/6 (50 overs)
v
 Kenya
147 (36 overs)
Craig Ervine 66 (54)
Elijah Otieno 2/61 (10 overs)
Nehemiah Odhiambo 44* (47)
Ray Price 2/20 (7 overs)
 Zimbabwe won by 161 runs
Umpires: Asoka de Silva (SL) and Kumar Dharmasena (SL)
Player of the match: Craig Ervine (Zim)
  • Zimbabwe won the toss and elected to bat.

2016 ICC World Twenty20
17 March
19:30 (D/N)
Scorecard
Afghanistan 
153/7 (20 overs)
v
 Sri Lanka
155/4 (18.5 overs)
Asghar Stanikzai 62 (47)
Thisara Perera 3/33 (4 overs)
Tillakaratne Dilshan 83* (56)
Mohammad Nabi 1/25 (4 overs)
 Sri Lanka Sri Lanka won by 6 wickets
Umpires: Bruce Oxenford (Aus) and Joel Wilson (WI)
Player of the match: Tillakaratne Dilshan (SL)
  • Afghanistan won the toss and elected to bat.
16 March
15:00 (D/N)
Scorecard
Pakistan 
201/5 (20 overs)
v
 Bangladesh
146/6 (20 overs)
Mohammad Hafeez 64 (42)
Taskin Ahmed 2/32 (4 overs)
Shakib Al Hasan 50* (40)
Shahid Afridi 2/27 (4 overs)
 Pakistan won by 55 runs
Umpires: Ian Gould (Eng) and Richard Kettleborough (Eng)
Player of the match: Shahid Afridi (Pak)
  • Pakistan won the toss and elected to bat.
  • Shakib Al Hasan became the second player for Bangladesh to pass 1,000 runs in T20Is.[29]
  • Shakib Al Hasan also became the second all-rounder to score 1,000 runs and take 50 wickets in T20Is.[29]
19 March
19:30 (D/N)
Scorecard
Pakistan 
118/5 (18 overs)
v
 India
119/4 (15.5 overs)
Shoaib Malik 26 (16)
Suresh Raina 1/4 (1 over)
Virat Kohli 55* (37)
Mohammad Sami 2/17 (2 overs)
 India won by 6 wickets
Umpires: Ian Gould (Eng) and Richard Kettleborough (Eng)
Player of the match: Virat Kohli (Ind)
  • India won the toss and elected to field.
  • The start of the match was delayed by a wet outfield and the game was reduced to 18 overs per side.
  • This was India's eleventh victory against Pakistan in ICC World Cup matches across both ODI and T20I formats.[30]
  • Ahmed Shehzad became the fifth player for Pakistan to pass 1,000 runs in T20Is.[31]
26 March
15:00 (D/N)
Scorecard
New Zealand 
145/8 (20 overs)
v
 Bangladesh
70 (15.4 overs)
Kane Williamson 42 (32)
Mustafizur Rahman 5/22 (4 overs)
Shuvagata Hom 16* (17)
Grant Elliott 3/12 (4 overs)
 New Zealand won by 75 runs
Umpires: Johan Cloete (SA) and Michael Gough (Eng)
Player of the match: Kane Williamson (NZ)
  • New Zealand won the toss and elected to bat.
  • Henry Nicholls (NZ) made his T20I debut.
  • Mustafizur Rahman became the second bowler for Bangladesh and 16th player overall to take a five-wicket haul in a T20I match.[32]
  • Bangladesh's total is their lowest total in a T20I match.[33]
  • Ten dismissals in this match were bowled, the most in a T20I match.[34]
3 April
19:00 (D/N)
Scorecard
England 
155/9 (20 overs)
v
 West Indies
161/6 (19.4 overs)
Joe Root 54 (36)
Carlos Brathwaite 3/23 (4 overs)
Marlon Samuels 85* (66)
David Willey 3/20 (4 overs)
 West Indies won by 4 wickets
Umpires: Kumar Dharmasena (SL) and Rod Tucker (Aus)
Player of the match: Marlon Samuels (WI)
  • West Indies won the toss and elected to field.
  • Marlon Samuels (WI) scored the highest total in a World T20 final.[35]
  • West Indies became the first team to win both the men's and women's World Twenty20s on the same day, with the women defeating Australia by 8 wickets.

1978 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup
1 January 1978
(scorecard)
India 
63 (39.3 overs)
v
 England
65/1 (30.2 overs)
 England won by 9 wickets

1997 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup
29 December 1997
Scorecard
New Zealand 
164 (49.3 overs)
v
 Australia
165/5 (47.4 overs)
 Australia won by 5 wickets

2016 ICC Women's World Twenty20
3 April
14:30
Scorecard
Australia 
148/5 (20 overs)
v
 West Indies
149/2 (19.3 overs)
Elyse Villani 52 (37)
Deandra Dottin 2/33 (4 overs)
Hayley Matthews 66 (45)
Kristen Beams 1/27 (4 overs)
 West Indies won by 8 wickets
Umpires: Aleem Dar (Pak) and Richard Illingworth (Eng)
Player of the match: Hayley Matthews (WI)
  • Australia won the toss and elected to bat.

First day/night test
22–26 November 2019
(D/N)
Scorecard
Bangladesh 
v
106 (30.3 overs)
Shadman Islam 29 (52)
Ishant Sharma 5/22 (12 overs)
347/9d (89.4 overs)
Virat Kohli 136 (194)
Al-Amin Hossain 3/85 (22.4 overs)
195 (41.1 overs)
Mushfiqur Rahim 74 (96)
Umesh Yadav 5/53 (14.1 overs)
India won by an innings and 46 runs
Umpires: Marais Erasmus (SA) and Joel Wilson (WI)
Player of the match: Ishant Sharma (Ind)
  • Bangladesh won the toss and elected to bat.

Notable events
India's first ever day/night test match, held at Eden Garden on 22 November 2019
Eden Gardens Manual Scoreboard
Eden Gardens Block Map
  • In 1946, an in-form Syed Mushtaq Ali was dropped from the Indian team selected to play an unofficial test against Australian Services XI. Following crowd protests (with slogans like "No Mushtaq, No Test"), the selectors brought him back to play.[36]
  • Rioting occurred at the ground during the 1966/67 West Indies and 1969/70 Australian tours.[19]
  • In 1977, New York Cosmos played a Football match against Mohun Bagan at the stadium. Pelé played in that match for the Cosmos. The match was drawn at 2–2.
  • 16 football fans died in a stampede after a derby league game between East Bengal and Mohun Bagan on 16 August 1980.
  • Hosted Nehru Cup in 1984, where India national football team played against Argentina, Poland, China PR, Romania U-21 and Vasas Budapest.[37]
  • Eden Gardens hosted the 1987 Cricket World Cup Final which was first ever Cricket World Cup final hosted outside England. The match ended with Australia defeating England by 7 runs. This was first time Australia won the Cricket World Cup Final.
  • The 1996 World Cup semi-final was called off and Sri Lanka awarded the match after crowd disturbances following an Indian batting collapse.[19]
  • During the second final of the 1997 Pepsi Independence Cup, the Test and ODI captains of the Indian cricket team of all time (with a few notable exceptions) were given a lap of honour around the stadium.
  • In 1999, leading Indian batsman Sachin Tendulkar was run out after colliding with Pakistan's Shoaib Akhtar. Akhtar had impeded Tendulkar and the crowd rioted, forcing the police to evict the spectators. The match continued in front of an empty stadium.
  • Kapil Dev took an ODI hat-trick against the Sri Lankans in 1991 at the ground.
  • Harbhajan Singh took a hat-trick against Australia in 2000/01 at the ground. He became the first Indian to take a hat-trick in Test cricket.
  • In 2000/01, V.V.S. Laxman scored 281 against Australia in the Second Test, 2000–01 Border–Gavaskar Trophy. This remains the highest score at the ground. He was involved in a memorable 376 runs partnership with Rahul Dravid who scored 180. They batted through the whole day 4 of the test match without losing their wickets. Australia were defeated despite enforcing the follow-on. It was only the third time in Test history that a team had won after being forced to follow on.[38] It is widely considered to be one of the greatest Test matches in cricket history.[39]
  • In 2005, in an ODI against South Africa, the Eden Gardens crowd booed the Indian team and Greg Chappell because of Sourav Ganguly's dropping from the team. Chappell was alleged to have made an obscene gesture towards the crowd from the team bus prior to the match.[40][41]
  • In 2005, Sachin Tendulkar scored his 10,000th run in Test Cricket against Pakistan on this ground making him the second Indian batsman and fifth overall to achieve this feat.
  • Eden Gardens hosted the historic 199th (penultimate) Test match of Sachin Tendulkar's career against West Indies from 6-10 Nov 2013. India defeated West Indies by an innings and 51 runs in 3 days.
  • On its 150th anniversary, on 13 November 2014, Eden Gardens witnessed the highest ever score by a batsman in One Day Internationals, a 264 off 173 balls scored by Rohit Sharma during the fourth One Day International of Sri Lanka vs India at the venue.
  • On 3 April 2016, in this venue, within a span of hours, the finals of the ICC world cup Twenty20 tournaments for the women and for the men were won by the respective women's and men's teams of the West Indies.
  • The stadium hosted the 200th and 250th home tests for India in 2005 and 2016 respectively.
  • On 22 January 2017, Ravindra Jadeja became the first Indian left arm spinner to take 150 One Day International wickets, when he dismissed Sam Billings.
  • On 21 September 2017, Kuldeep Yadav became the third bowler for India to take a hat-trick in an ODI after Chetan Sharma and Kapil Dev. When he took a hat-trick against Australia.
  • On 22 November 2019, India's first ever day/night test match between India and Bangladesh was hosted at Eden Gardens and the game was inaugurated jointly by the Chief Minister of West Bengal, Mamata Banerjee and the President of Bangladesh, Abdul Hamid.[42]

Stats and records
Panoramic View of the Eden Gardens Stadium during IPL 2008. Note that it was pre-renovation and had benches rather than individual seats. In this configuration, the stadium could seat over 98,000 fans on game day

Matches hosted

( as on 21 November 2021)

Records
  • The most runs in Test Matches played here are scored by V.V.S. Laxman (1217 runs),[43] followed by Rahul Dravid (962 runs) and Sachin Tendulkar (872 runs). The most wickets taken here was by Harbhajan Singh (46 wickets) followed by Anil Kumble (40 wickets) and Bishen Singh Bedi (29 wickets).
  • The most runs in ODIs scored here by a batsman is by Sachin Tendulkar (496 runs), followed by Mohammed Azharuddin (332 runs) and Virat Kohli (326 runs). The most wickets taken here is by Anil Kumble and Kapil Dev (14 wickets each), followed by Ravindra Jadeja (9 wickets).
  • VVS Laxman and Mohammed Azharuddin have scored 5 centuries each at this venue.
  • The highest ever ODI individual score of 264 is made by Rohit Sharma on this ground against Sri Lanka in 2014.
  • On 21 September 2017, Kuldeep Yadav became the third bowler for India to take a hat-trick in an ODI after Chetan Sharma and Kapil Dev. When he took a hat trick against Australia.
  • The highest runs ever scored in IPL at Eden Gardens were scored on 28 April 2019. This was achieved by Kolkata Knight Riders against Mumbai Indians. The score was 232/2. MI Scored 198/7 After Hardik Pandya Scored 91(34) Deliveries handing KKR its 100th T20 win.
  • The lowest total in the history of IPL - RCB (49/10)
Eden Gardens Records
CategoryTest MatchesODI MatchesT20I Matches
Highest Inning Score 657/d -  India vs  Australia (2001)[44] 404/5 -  India vs  Sri Lanka (2014)[45] 201/5 -  Pakistan vs  Bangladesh (2016)[46]
Lowest Inning Score 90 -  India vs  West Indies (1983)[47] 120/8 -  India vs  Sri Lanka (1996)[48] 70 -  Bangladesh vs  New Zealand (2016)[49]
Largest Victory - by Innings Innings & 336 runs -  West Indies vs  India (1983)[50]——
Largest Victory - by Runs 329 runs -  South Africa vs  India (1996)[50] 161 runs -  Zimbabwe vs  Kenya (2011)[51] 75 runs -  New Zealand vs  Bangladesh (2016)[49]
Largest Victory - By Wickets 10 Wickets -  Australia vs  India (1969)[50] 10 Wickets -  South Africa vs  India (2005)[51] 6 Wickets -  England vs  India (2011) and  Sri Lanka vs  Afghanistan (2016)[49]
Largest Victory - by Balls Remaining — 90 balls -  India vs  Kenya (1998)[51] 13 balls -  India vs  Pakistan (2016)[49]
Narrowest Victory - by Runs 28 runs -  India vs  England (1972)[52] 2 runs -  India vs  South Africa (1993)[53] 55 runs -  Pakistan vs  Bangladesh (2016)[54]
Narrowest Victory - by Wickets 7 Wickets -  England vs  India (2012)[52] 2 Wickets -  Pakistan vs  India (1987)[53] 4 Wickets -  West Indies vs  England (2016)[54]
Narrowest Victory - by Balls Remaining — 1 ball -  Pakistan vs  West Indies (1989)[53] 2 ball -  West Indies vs  England (2016)[54]

See also
  • List of international cricket centuries at Eden Gardens
  • List of international cricket five-wicket hauls at Eden Gardens
  • List of stadiums by capacity

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