Elections to the European Parliament

Elections to the European Parliament take place every five years by universal adult suffrage; with more than 400 million people eligible to vote, they are considered the second largest democratic elections in the world after India's.[1]

The hemicycle of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, France

Political groups of the European Parliament during the 9th legislature (2019-2024):

The Left in the European Parliament – GUE/NGL (The Left)

Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D)

Greens–European Free Alliance (Greens/EFA)

Renew Europe (Renew)

European People's Party Group (EPP)

European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR)

Identity and Democracy (ID)

Non-Inscrits (NI)

Until 2019, 751 MEPs[2] were elected to the European Parliament, which has been directly elected since 1979. Since the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the EU in 2020, the number of MEPs, including the president, has been 705.[3] No other EU institution is directly elected, with the Council of the European Union and the European Council being only indirectly legitimated through national elections.[4] While European political parties have the right to campaign EU-wide for the European elections,[5] campaigns still take place through national election campaigns, advertising national delegates from national parties.

Apportionment

The allocation of seats to each member state is based on the principle of degressive proportionality, so that, while the size of the population of each country is taken into account, smaller states elect more MEPs than is proportional to their populations. As the numbers of MEPs to be elected by each country have arisen from treaty negotiations, there is no precise formula for the apportionment of seats among member states. No change in this configuration can occur without the unanimous consent of all governments.[6][7]

European Parliament Apportionment changes between the Treaty of Nice and the Treaty of Lisbon (as calculated for purposes of the 2009 European Elections)
Member state	2007 Nice	2009 Nice	2014 Lisbon	2014^c + Croatia	Member state	2007 Nice	2009 Nice	2014 Lisbon	2014^c + Croatia	Member state	2007 Nice	2009 Nice	2014 Lisbon	2014^c + Croatia
Germany	99	99	96	96	Czech Republic	24	22	22	21	Slovakia	14	13	13	13
France	78	72	74	74	Greece	24	22	22	21	Croatia	–	–	–	11
United Kingdom^a	78	72	73	73	Hungary	24	22	22	21	Ireland	13	12	12	11
Italy	78	72	73	73	Portugal	24	22	22	21	Lithuania	13	12	12	11
Spain	54	50	54	54	Sweden	19	18	20	20	Latvia	9	8	9	8
Poland	54	50	51	51	Austria	18	17	19	18	Slovenia	7	7	8	8
Romania	35	33	33	32	Bulgaria	18	17	18	17	Cyprus	6	6	6	6
Netherlands	27	25	26	26	Finland	14	13	13	13	Estonia	6	6	6	6
Belgium	24	22	22	21	Denmark	14	13	13	13	Luxembourg	6	6	6	6
Italicised countries are divided into sub-national constituencies, except France which changed to full-country voting in 2019. ^a Included Gibraltar, but not any other BOT (including the SBAs), nor the Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom and Gibraltar left the European Union on 31 January 2020. ^b The speaker is not counted officially, thus leaving 750 MEPs. ^c As proposed by European Parliament on 13 March 2013.[8]
										Malta	5	5	6	6
										Total:	785	736	751^b	751^b

Voting system

Margrethe Vestager votes in Denmark during the 2019 elections

There is no uniform voting system for the election of MEPs; rather, each member state is free to choose its own system, subject to certain restrictions:[6]

The system must be a form of proportional representation, under either the party list or the single transferable vote system.
The electoral area may be subdivided if this will not generally affect the proportional nature of the electoral system.[9]
The electoral threshold, if there is any, may not exceed 5%. From the 2024 election there will be a minimum threshold of between 2% and 5% for constituencies with more than 35 seats.[10]

Voting difference by country

Most of the member states of the European Union elect their MEPs with a single constituency covering the entire state, using party-list proportional representation. There is however a great variety of electoral procedures: some countries use a highest averages method of proportional representation, some use the largest remainder method, some open lists and others closed. In addition, the method of calculating the quota and the election threshold vary from country to country. Countries with multiple constituencies are:

Belgium is split into 3 constituencies: the Dutch-speaking electoral college, the French-speaking electoral college, and the German-speaking electoral college. The first two of these elect their MEPs using party list PR, but the German-speaking constituency only has 1 member, who is therefore not elected by a proportional method.
Republic of Ireland is split into three constituencies and uses the Single transferable vote.
The United Kingdom, historically up until its exit from the Union, was split into constituencies representing Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and each of the regions of England. Northern Ireland used the single transferable vote while the other constituencies used party lists.

Germany, Italy and Poland use a different system, whereby parties are awarded seats based on their nationwide vote as in all of the states that elect members from a single constituency; these seats are given to the candidates on regional lists. With the number of seats for each party known, these are given to the candidates on the regional lists based on the number of votes from each region towards the party's nationwide total, awarded proportionally to the regions. These subdivisions are not strictly constituencies, as they do not decide how many seats each party is awarded, but are districts that the members represent once elected. The number of members for each region is decided dynamically after the election, and depends on voter turnout in each region. A region with high turnout will result in more votes for the parties there, which will result in a greater number of MEPs elected for that region.[11]

Europarties

The European Union has a multi-party system involving a number of ideologically diverse Europarties. As no one Europarty has ever gained power alone, their affiliated parliamentary groups must work with each other to pass legislation. Since no pan-European government is formed as a result of the European elections, long-term coalitions have never occurred.

Europarties have the exclusive right to campaign for the European elections; their parliamentary groups are strictly forbidden to campaign and to spend funds on any campaign-related activity. Campaign activities differ per country since national elections for European Parliament representatives are governed by national laws. For instance, a European party can buy unlimited advertising airtime in Estonia while it is barred from any form of paid advertising in Sweden.[12]

For the 2014 EP election, Europarties decided to put forward a candidate for President of the European Commission. Each candidate led the pan-European campaign of the Europarty. While no legal obligation exists to force the European Council to propose the candidate of the strongest party to the EP, it was assumed that the council would have no other choice than to accept the voters' decision. Therefore, following the victory of the European People's Party in the 2014 EP election, its lead candidate Jean-Claude Juncker[13] was elected President of the European Commission.

The two major parties are the centre-right European People's Party and the centre-left Party of European Socialists. They form the two largest groups, (called EPP and PES respectively) along with other smaller parties. There are numerous other groups, including democratic socialists, greens, regionalists, conservatives, liberals and eurosceptics. Together they form the seven recognised groups in the parliament.[14] MEPs that are not members of groups are known as non-inscrits.

Voter behaviour

A 1980 analysis by Karlheinz Reif and Hermann Schmitt concluded that European elections were fought on national issues and used by voters to punish their governments mid-term, making European Parliament elections de facto national elections of second rank.[15] This phenomenon is also referred to by some experts as the "punishment traps," wherein voters use the European Parliament elections and other European integration referendums as punishment for governments on account of bad economic performance.[16] There is also a study that showed how voters tend to choose candidates of a party at the European level if it has a history of advancing specific issues that they care about.[17] This is related to the second theory that explains voter behavior and it involves the so-called attitude voting in which voters are assumed to be acting on the basis of their attitude towards the European integration.[16] This is analogous to the American two-party system in the sense that voting on issues and legislation in the Parliament only requires a yes or no vote, which means voter vote for options or candidates that are close to their ideals.

Turnout had constantly fallen in every EU election from 1979 until 2014. The 2019 election, however, saw turnout increase to its highest level since 1994, at 51%. In 2009, the overall turnout was at 43%, down from 45.5% in 2004. In Britain the turnout was just 34.3%, down from 38% in 2004. Despite falling below 50% between 1999 and 2014, turnout was not as low as that of the US Midterm elections, which usually falls below 40%. However, the comparison with the US voter turnout is hampered due to the fact that the US president is elected in separate and direct elections (presidential system), whereas the President of the European Commission is elected by the European Parliament (parliamentary system), giving the European Parliament elections considerable weight. Some, such as former President of the European Parliament, Pat Cox, have also noted that turnout in the 1999 election was higher than the previous US presidential election.[18][19] German MEP Jo Leinen has suggested that EU parties name their top candidate for the position of President of the European Commission in order to increase turnout.[20][21][22] This happened for the 2014 election, with EPP candidate Jean Claude Juncker ultimately selected, after the EPP won the most seats overall.

Results

List of elections (excluding by-elections)

2019 – EU 28
2014 – EU 28
2013 – Croatia
2009 – EU 27
2007 – Bulgaria and Romania
2004 – EU 25
1999 – EU 15
1996 – Austria and Finland
1995 – Sweden
1994 – EU 12
1989 – EC 12
1987 – Portugal and Spain
1984 – EC 10
1981 – Greece
1979 – EC 9

List of European Parliament elections by state

Historical percentage results in union-wide elections of the three major groups by region.[23]

Region	1979	1984	1989	1994	1999	2004	2009	2014	2019
Northern[24]	3.6	6.3	6.3	22	35.3	31.2	10.9
	3.6	2.7	4.5	6.8	16.7	18.1	20.3
	23.2	33	45.5	56.8	27.6	23.9	21

Western[25]	33.6	30.9	26.7	31.9	36.4	34.9	37.3
	6.5	10.6	12	8.5	5.2	11.9	12.5
	34.1	32.7	32.7	29.9	27.9	30.2	20.8

Southern[26]	37	34.3	29.6	25.9	39.8	38.2	45.2
	6.2	4.8	9.5	8.5	5	7.9	5
	16	21	29.1	29.9	30.8	33	35

Central and South-Eastern[27]	-	-	-	-	-	46.4	41
	-	-	-	-	-	14.3	10
	-	-	-	-	-	21.4	23.7

Total	26	25.3	23.4	27.7	37.2	36.9	36
	9.8	7.1	9.5	7.6	8	12.4	11.4
	27.6	30	34.2	34.9	28.8	28.3	25
Turnout of registered voters[28]	61.99	58.98	58.41	56.67	49.51	45.47	42.97	42.61	50.66

Legend: Socialist (PES/S&D) – Liberal (ELDR/ALDE) – People's (EPP/EPP-ED)

Percentage turnout of registered voters in previous elections[29][30]

Results by member state

Election	1979	1984	1989	1994	1999	2004	2009	2014	2019
Belgium	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Denmark	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
France	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Germany	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Ireland	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Italy	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Luxembourg	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Netherlands	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
United Kingdom	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Greece	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Portugal	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Spain	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Austria	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Finland	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Sweden	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results
Cyprus	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Czech Republic	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Estonia	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Hungary	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Latvia	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Lithuania	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Malta	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Poland	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Slovakia	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Slovenia	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results	Results
Bulgaria	-	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results
Romania	-	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results	Results
Croatia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Results	Results

Off-year

1981: Greece

1987: Spain, Portugal

1995: Sweden

1996: Austria, Finland

2007: Bulgaria, Romania

2013: Croatia

By-elections in the United Kingdom

1979: London South West

1987: Midlands West

1988: Hampshire Central

1996: Merseyside West

1998: Yorkshire South, North East Scotland

Proposed reforms

The final report of the Conference on the Future of Europe includes more than 320 proposed measures to reform the European Union.[31] It proposes amending EU electoral law to harmonise electoral conditions (voting age, election date, requirements for electoral districts, candidates, political parties and their financing) for the European Parliament elections, as well as moving towards voting for Union-wide lists, or 'transnational lists', with candidates from multiple member states. It also recommends facilitating digital voting possibilities and guaranteeing effective voting rights for persons with disabilities. The report states that European citizens should have a greater say on who is elected President of the European Commission, suggesting this could be achieved either by the direct election of the Commission President or by a lead candidate system.[32]

Commission President

Election	Largest Group	President	Party
1994	PES	Jacques Santer	EPP
1999	EPP-ED	Romano Prodi	ELDR
2004	EPP-ED	José Manuel Barroso	EPP
2009	EPP	José Manuel Barroso	EPP
2014	EPP	Jean-Claude Juncker	EPP
2019	EPP	Ursula von der Leyen	EPP

The third Delors Commission had a short mandate, to bring the terms of the Commission in line with that of the Parliament. Under the European Constitution the European Council would have to take into account the results of the latest European elections and, furthermore, the Parliament would ceremonially "elect", rather than simply approve, the council's proposed candidate. This was taken as the parliament's cue to have its parties run with candidates for the President of the European Commission with the candidate of the winning party being proposed by the council.[33]

This was partly put into practice in 2004 when the European Council selected a candidate from the political party that won that year's election. However at that time only one party had run with a specific candidate: the European Green Party, who had the first true pan-European political party with a common campaign,[34] put forward Daniel Cohn-Bendit.[33] However the fractious nature of the other political parties led to no other candidates, the People's Party only mentioned four or five people they'd like to be president.[35] The Constitution failed ratification but these amendments have been carried over to the Treaty of Lisbon, which came into force in 2009.

There are plans to strengthen the European political parties[22] in order for them to propose candidates for the 2009 election.[21][36] The European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party have already indicated, in their October 2007 congress, their intention for forward a candidate for the post as part of a common campaign.[37] They failed to do so however the European People's Party did select Barroso as their candidate and, as the largest party, Barroso's term was renewed. The Socialists, disappointed at the 2009 election, agreed to put forward a candidate for Commission President at all subsequent elections. There is a campaign within that party to have open primaries for said candidate.[38]

In February 2008, President Barroso admitted there was a problem in legitimacy and that, despite having the same legitimacy as Prime Ministers in theory, in practice it was not the case. The low turnout creates a problem for the President's legitimacy, with the lack of a "European political sphere", but analysis claim that if citizens were voting for a list of candidates for the post of president, turn out would be much higher than that seen in recent years.[39]

With the Lisbon Treaty now in-force, Europarties are obliged from now-on to put forward a candidate for President of the European Commission; each Presidential candidate will, in fact, lead the pan-European campaign of the Europarty.

The President of the European Parliament Jerzy Buzek proposed in 2010 that Commissioners be directly elected, by member states placing their candidate at the top of their voting lists in European elections. That would give them individually, and the body as a whole, a democratic mandate.[40]

Eligibility

Logo and slogan of the European Parliament election 2014: Act. React. Impact.

Each Member State has different rules determining who can vote for and run as the European Parliamentary candidates. In Spain v United Kingdom, the European Court of Justice held that member states are permitted to extend the franchise to non-EU citizens.[41]

Every EU citizen residing in an EU country of which he/she is not a national has the right to vote and to stand as a candidate in European Parliamentary elections in his/her country of residence, under the same conditions as nationals of that country – this right is enshrined in Article 39 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. In addition, the right to vote is included in Articles 20(1) and 22(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. To this extent all EU countries keep electoral registers containing the names of all eligible voters in the specific region, to which eligible newcomers to the area can apply at any time to have their names added. EU citizens are then eligible to vote for the duration of their stay in that country.

It is therefore possible for a person to have the choice of voting in more than one EU member state. For example, a Portuguese citizen who studies at university in France and lives at home outside term-time in the family home in the Netherlands has the option of voting in the European Parliamentary election in France, Portugal or the Netherlands. In this scenario, although the Portuguese citizen qualifies to vote in three EU member states, he/she is only permitted to cast one vote in one of the member states.

Member state	Eligible voters	Eligible candidates
Austria	Austrian citizens who are aged 16 or over on polling day and resident in Austria. Austrian citizens who are aged 16 or over on polling day, resident abroad, and have submitted a notification to be listed in the electoral register of the Austrian commune they were a resident of. European Union citizens aged 16 or over, resident in Austria, and have submitted a notification to be listed in the electoral register of the Austrian commune they are a resident of.	Same as on the left; the passive voting age is 18 instead of 16.[42]
Belgium	Belgian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident in Belgium and entered in the population register of a Belgian commune.[43] Belgian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident outside Belgium, who have sent an application to vote to the Belgian diplomatic or consular post in their country of residence up to 16 days before polling day. European Union citizens resident in Belgium, aged 18 or over on polling day, entered in the population register or in the foreigners' register of their commune of residence and enrolled in the electoral register.[44] Voting is compulsory and failing to vote can lead to a fine of up to €137.50.[45]	European Union citizens aged 21 or over on polling day who speak French, Dutch or German.[46]
Bulgaria	Bulgarian citizens who have attained the age of 18 years by polling day, have resided in the Republic of Bulgaria or in another Member State of the European Union at least 60 days during the last three months, are not interdicted and do not serve a custodial sentence[47] Each national of a Member State of the European Union, who is not a Bulgarian citizen, shall have the right to elect Members of the European Parliament for the Republic of Bulgaria if the said person has attained the age of 18 years by polling day, is not interdicted, does not serve a custodial sentence, has a certificate for residence status in the Republic of Bulgaria, has resided in the Republic of Bulgaria or in another Member State of the European Union at least 60 days during the last three months, is not deprived of the right to elect in the Member State of which the person is a national, and has stated in advance, by a declaration in writing, the desire thereof to exercise his or her right to vote within the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria.[47]	Bulgarian citizen who has attained the age of 21 years by polling day, does not hold the citizenship of any State that is not a Member State of the European Union, is not interdicted, does not serve a custodial sentence, has a permanent address in the Republic of Bulgaria, and has resided in the Republic of Bulgaria or in another Member State of the European Union at least during the last six months.[48] Any national of a Member State of the European Union, who is not a Bulgarian citizen, has attained the age of 21 years by polling day, does not hold the citizenship of any State that is not a Member State of the European Union, is not interdicted, does not serve a custodial sentence, is not deprived of the right to be elected in the Member State of which the person is a national, enjoys a durable or permanent residence status for the Republic of Bulgaria, has resided in the Republic of Bulgaria or in another Member State of the European Union at least during the last six months, and has stated, by a declaration in writing, the desire thereof to be elected.[49]
Croatia	Croatian citizens aged 18 or over European Union citizens resident in Croatia enrolled in the electoral register at least 30 days before the election.[50]	European Union citizens resident in Croatia enrolled in the electoral register at least 30 days before the election.[51]
Cyprus
Czech Republic	European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are registered in the register of citizens for at least 45 days before polling day, unless a statutory limitation is imposed for reasons of protection of health or withdrawal or legal capacity.[52]	European Union citizens
Denmark	Danish citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Denmark or another EU member state, unless deprived of legal capacity. European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and resident in Denmark, unless deprived of legal capacity.[53]	European Union citizens eligible to vote, unless they have been convicted of an action that in the public opinion makes them unworthy of being a member of the European Parliament.
Estonia	European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and whose address is entered in the population register. A person who has been divested of their active legal capacity with regard to the right to vote and a person who has been convicted of a crime and is serving sentence in a penal institution, cannot vote.[54]	European Union citizens at least 21 years of age and satisfying the requirements of the right to cast a vote, except members of the Defence Forces.
Finland	Every Finnish citizen aged 18 or over on polling day, regardless of domicile. European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and who are enrolled on the voting register in Finland and whose municipality of residence, as defined by law, is in Finland on the 51st day before election day, unless he/she has lost the right to vote in the Member State whose citizen he/she is.[55]	Finnish citizens entitled to vote and not legally incompetent. European Union citizens who are entitled to vote, registered with and entered into the voting register in Finland and not lost the right to stand as a candidate in elections in his/her home state.[56]
France	French citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident in France and enrolled in the electoral register. French citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident outside France and entered either in the consular register of electors (la liste électorale consulaire) or in the register of a municipality with which they are related (place of birth, last residence in France, municipality of one of forebears, spouse or relatives, municipality where they own a residence or pay local taxes) .[57] European Union citizens resident in France, aged 18 or over on polling day and enrolled in the electoral register.[58]	European Union citizens aged 23 or over.
Germany	European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident in Germany, if they are resident in member states of the European Union for at least three months. Additionally, German citizens aged 18 or over who have lived in Germany for at least three consecutive months within the last 25 years when they were at least aged 14.	European Union citizens aged 18 or over.
Greece	Greek citizens aged 17 or over on polling day who are resident in Greece and registered in the electoral roll in a Greek municipality or community, unless deprived of legal capacity.[59] [60] Greek citizens aged 17 or over on polling day who are resident in another EU member state, registered in the electoral roll in a Greek municipality or community and have submitted an application to vote overseas to the Greek embassy or consulate in their country of residence on or before 31 March 2014, unless deprived of legal capacity.[61][59][60] European Union citizens aged 17 or over on polling day, resident in Greece and registered in the electoral roll on or before 3 March 2014.[62][59][60] Voting is compulsory.[59][60]	European Union citizens aged 25 or over, unless deprived of legal capacity.
Hungary	Hungarian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and whose municipality of residence is in Hungary. (automatically listed in the electoral register) European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and whose municipality of residence is in Hungary and have submitted a notification to be listed in the electoral register.	Any European Union citizens who are entitled to vote (whose municipality of residence is in Hungary).
Ireland	European Union citizens who are ordinarily resident in the Republic of Ireland on 1 September in the year before the Register of Electors comes into force.[63] Irish citizens who are officials on duty abroad (and their spouses) who are registered on the postal voters list.	European Union citizens over the age of 21, not otherwise disqualified from election to the Dáil.
Italy	Italian and European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Italy and enrolled in the electoral list of their town of residence up to 19 days before polling day.[64] Italian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in other EU member states and have submitted an application to the Italian consulate up to 18 days before polling day. Italian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident outside the European Union for the purpose of work, study or living with family and have submitted an application to the Italian consulate up to 18 days before polling day.	European Union citizens aged 25 or over on polling day and not deprived of the right to stand in their home country.
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg	Luxembourgish citizens aged 18 or over on polling day resident in Luxembourg or overseas and enrolled in the electoral list up to 87 days before polling day.[65] European Union citizens resident in Luxembourg for at least 2 years, aged 18 or over on polling day and enrolled in the electoral list up to 87 days before polling day.[66] Voting is compulsory.	Luxembourgish citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and resident in Luxembourg.[67] European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and resident in Luxembourg for at least 5 years.
Malta	Maltese citizens aged 18 or over on polling day.
Netherlands	Dutch citizens aged 18 or over on polling day. European Union citizens resident in the Netherlands, aged 18 or over on polling day and not deprived of the right to stand in their home country.	European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day. Any people aged 18 or over on polling day and legally resident in the European Union at the time of candidature.[68]
Poland	Polish citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident outside Poland and registered to vote. European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Poland and registered to vote.	European Union citizens aged 21 or over on polling day and resident in Poland or the European Union for at least 5 years, were never sentenced for a crime committed consciously or accused by a prosecutor.
Portugal	European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Portugal and registered to vote.[69] Portuguese citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident outside Portugal and registered to vote. Brazilian citizens enjoying special status of equal political rights in Portugal (cidadãos brasileiros com estatuto especial de igualdade de direitos políticos) aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Portugal and registered to vote.[70]	European Union citizens. Brazilian citizens enjoying special status of equal political rights in Portugal (cidadãos brasileiros com estatuto especial de igualdade de direitos políticos) aged 18 or over on polling day who are resident in Portugal and registered to vote.[71]
Romania	Romanian citizens aged 18 or over on polling day, regardless of domicile. European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day and whose municipality of residence is in Romania.	European Union citizens who are entitled to vote.
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain	Spanish citizens aged 18 or over on polling day. European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are recorded in the register kept by the Municipal Council of their municipality of residence (Padrón) and have formally expressed their wish to vote in the European Parliament election in Spain.[72]	European Union citizens
Sweden	Swedish citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are, or at some time have been, registered residents in Sweden. European Union citizens aged 18 or over on polling day who are current registered residents in Sweden and have submitted a notification to be listed on the electoral roll.[73]	European Union citizens

References

"EU elections 2019: Country-by-country full results". Euronews. 25 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.
"Euro election country-by-country". BBC News. 7 June 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
"Redistribution of seats in the European Parliament after Brexit". European Parliament. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.
European Parliament: Welcome europarl.europa.eu
"European political parties". European Parliament.
The European Parliament: electoral procedures europarl.europa.eu
The election of members of the European Parliament European Navigator
"Composition of the European Parliament with a view to the 2014 elections". Europa.eu. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.
The European Elections europarl.europa.eu
"The European Parliament: electoral procedures | Fact Sheets on the European Union | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Maier, Michaela; Stromback, Jesper; Kaid, Lynda (2011). Political Communication in European Parliamentary Elections. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 91. ISBN 9781409411321.
"Jean-Claude Juncker: Experience. Solidarity. Future". European People's Party.
MEPs by Member State and political group – sixth parliamentary term europarl.europa.eu
Reif, K. and Schmitt, H. (1980) 'Nine Second-Order National Elections: A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of European Election Results'. European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 3–45.
Reichert, Fabian (2012). You Vote What You Read?. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. p. 4. ISBN 9783656179412.
Hölting, Jan (2016). Salience-Based Voter-Party Congruence in the EU. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. p. 2. ISBN 9783668420861.
Mulvey, Stephen (21 November 2003) The EU's democratic challenge BBC News
Q&A: European elections, BBC News 21 July 2004
Spongenberg, Helena (26 February 2007). "EU wants to dress up 2009 elections on TV". EU Observer. Retrieved 8 July 2007.
Palmer, John (10 January 2007). "Size shouldn't matter". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 June 2007.
Mahony, Honor (27 June 2007). "European politics to get more political". EU Observer. Retrieved 28 June 2007.
Europe Politique: Parlement européen (in French)
Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden and, until 2020, United Kingdom
Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg and Netherlands
Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain
Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia
"Turnout | 2019 European election results | European Parliament". 2019 European election results | European Parliament. 4 November 2019. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
"Turnout 2014 – European Parliament". Results-elections2014.eu. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Euroskeptics are a bigger presence in the European Parliament than in past". Pew Research Center. 22 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.
"The Conference on the Future of Europe concludes its work". europarl.europa.eu. 5 September 2022.
"Conference on the Future of Europe" (PDF).
Hughes, Kirsty. "Nearing Compromise as Convention goes into Final Week?" (PDF). EPIN. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
"European Greens Found European Greens". Deutsche Welle. 23 February 2004. Retrieved 30 January 2008.
"The EP elections: Deepening the democratic deficit". Euractiv. 16 June 2004. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
"Leadership of the EU". Federal Union. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2007.
"Resolution ELDR Congress in Berlin 18–19 October 2007". ELDR party. 24 October 2007. Retrieved 4 January 2008.
Phillips, Leigh (12 August 2010). "Socialists want US-style primaries for commission president candidate". EU Observer. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
Mahony, Honor (28 February 2008). "Barroso admits legitimacy problem for commission president post". EU Observer. Retrieved 29 February 2008.
Mahony, Honor (23 March 2010) EP president suggests election of future EU commissioners, EU Observer
"Judgment of the European Court of Justice of 12 September 2006, Case C-145/04, Kingdom of Spain v United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Retrieved 1 May 2017.
"Wahlen – Europawahlen". BM.I. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Les conditions d'électorat pour les différentes élections – Elections européennes et régionales 2009". Ibz.rrn.fgov.be. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Le droit de vote des Belges résidant dans l'Union européenne et des citoyens européens résidant en Belgique, pour l'élection du Parlement Européen – Elections européennes et r". Ibz.rrn.fgov.be. 19 December 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"L'obligation de vote – Elections européennes et régionales 2009". Ibz.rrn.fgov.be. 16 December 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"La candidature pour les différentes élections – Elections européennes et régionales 2009". Ibz.rrn.fgov.be. 18 December 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"ELECTION CODE Promulgated, State Gazette No. 9/28.01.2011" (PDF). Retrieved 15 June 2014.
The Bulgarian Election Code, (2011), as amended by Act to Amend and Supplement the Election Code (2011)
"Act to Amend and Supplement the Election Code (2011)". Legislationline.org. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Republic of Croatia European Parliamentary Elections Act, Article 4 (Zakon o izborima zastupnika iz RH u Europski parlament, Članak 4)". Sabor.hr. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Republic of Croatia European Parliamentary Elections Act, Article 5 (Zakon o izborima zastupnika iz RH u Europski parlament, Članak 5)". Sabor.hr. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Information for citizens of other EU member states on voting in the European Parliament elections in the Czech Republic – Ministry of the interior of the Czech Republic". Mvcr.cz. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"European Parliament elections – valg.sum.dk". archive.is. 16 July 2012. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012.
"Right to vote". Vvk.ee. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Right to Vote and Compilation of the Voting Rights". Archived from the original on 9 November 2013.
"Eligibility and Nomination of Candidates". Archived from the original on 9 November 2013.
"Service-Public.fr (Élections : Français domicilié à l'étranger)". Vosdroits.service-public.fr. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Élections : droit de vote d'un citoyen européen – Service-public.fr". Vosdroits.service-public.fr. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Greek MPs approve end to bonus seats, lower voting age". Reuters. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2019.
- "Εκλογή μελών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και άλλες διατάξεις." [Election of Members of the European Parliament and other provisions.]. Act No. 4255/2014 of 11 April 2014 (in Greek). Hellenic Parliament., article 1, paragraph 1:
  Η εκλογή των μελών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου στις έδρες που κάθε φορά αναλογούν στην Ελλάδα, διενεργείται με άμεση, καθολική και μυστική ψηφοφορία από τους πολίτες που έχουν το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν, σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις των άρθρων 4, 5 και 6 του π.δ. 26/2012 «Κωδικοποίηση σε ενιαίο κείμενο των διατάξεων της νομοθεσίας για την εκλογή βουλευτών» (Α΄ 57). Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν και οι πολίτες των λοιπών κρατών − μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης κατά τα οριζόμενα στο ν. 2196/1994 (Α΄ 41). Η άσκηση του εκλογικού δικαιώματος είναι υποχρεωτική.
  In English:
  Election of Members of the European Parliament in the seats each time allocated to Greece shall be effected by direct, universal and secret ballot by the citizens entitled to vote in accordance with the provisions of Articles 4, 5 and 6 of the Presidential Decree. 26/2012 'Codification in a single text of the provisions of the legislation on the election of Members' (A 57). The citizens of other Member States of the European Union have the right to vote, as provided for in Law 2196/1994 (A 41). Exercise of the right to vote is compulsory.
  
  Referencing:
- "Κωδικοποίηση σ' ενιαίο κείμενο των διατάξεων της νομοθεσίας για την εκλογή βουλευτών" [Codification in a single text of the provisions of the legislation on the election of Members of the Hellenic Parliament]. Presidential Decree No. 26/2012 of 15 March 2012 (in Greek). Greek President. Retrieved 7 March 2019., article 4, paragraph 1:
  Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν οι πολίτες Έλληνες και Ελληνίδες που συμπλήρωσαν το δέκατο όγδοο έτος της ηλικίας τους.
  
  In English:
  Greek citizens who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote."
  
  Last changed by....:
- "Αναλογική εκπροσώπηση των πολιτικών κομμάτων, διεύρυνση του δικαιώματος εκλέγειν και άλλες διατάξεις περί εκλογής Βουλευτών" [Proportional representation of political parties, widening of the right to vote and other provisions on the election of Members]. Act No. 4406/2016 of 22 July 2016 (in Greek). Greek President. Retrieved 7 March 2019., article 1:
  Η παρ. 1 του άρθρου 4 του Π.δ. 26/2012 (Α ́57) αντι-καθίσταται ως εξής: «1. Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν οι πολίτες Έλλη-νες και Ελληνίδες που συμπλήρωσαν το δέκατο έβδομο (17ο) έτος της ηλικίας τους».
  
  In English:
  Article 1 (1) of the PD. 26/2012 (A 57) is replaced by the following: «1. The citizens of Greece and Greeks who have reached their seventeenth (17th) year of age have the right to vote.»
"Ministry of Interior – Information for Greek residents abroad". Ypes.gr. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Hellenic Republic Ministry of the Interior: EU Citizens". Ypes.gr. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Citizens Information: Voting in a European election". Citizensinformation.ie. 21 May 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2020.
"ELEZIONE DEI MEMBRI DEL PARLAMENTO EUROPEO SPETTANTI ALL'ITALIA" (PDF) (in Italian). Interno.it. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
"Conditions de l'électorat – Site officiel des élections au Grand-Duché du Luxembourg – Mode d'emploi". Archived from the original on 16 September 2013.
"S'inscrire sur les listes électorales pour les élections européennes – guichet.lu // Luxembourg – Participation aux élections européennes". Guichet.public.lu. 24 December 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Etre candidat aux élections européennes". Guichet.public.lu. 24 December 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
This based on a Dutch decision by the 'Kiesraad', which disallowed South Africa's John M. Coetzee and two other non-European candidates on the sole ground that they had no proof of legal residence.
"Lei Eleitoral para o Parlamento Europeu (Lei nº 14/87, de 29 Abril), Artigo 3º" (PDF). Retrieved 15 June 2014.
"Comissão Nacional de Eleições: FAQ – Eleição para o Parlamento Europeu" (PDF).
"Perguntas Frequentes: Candidatura – Comissão Nacional de Eleições". cne.pt.
"Elections to the European Parliament of June 2009" (PDF). ine.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 September 2013.
Valmyndigheten: Suffrage and electoral rolls Archived 3 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine

External links

EU-NED dataset: subnational election data in European Parliament elections, 1990-2020
Section devoted to the 2009 election on the European Parliament website
Adam Carr's Election Archive
European Election Studies
The European Parliament and Supranational Party System (Cambridge University Press 2002)
Archive of European Integration (AEI) > Institutional Administration, Developments & Reform > Parliament > Elections
EPP Juncker 2014 campaign site
Election Results 2016

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] "EU elections 2019: Country-by-country full results". Euronews. 25 May 2019. Retrieved 26 May 2019.

[2] "Euro election country-by-country". BBC News. 7 June 2009. Retrieved 1 May 2010.

[3] "Redistribution of seats in the European Parliament after Brexit". European Parliament. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 10 February 2020.

[4] European Parliament: Welcome europarl.europa.eu

[5] "European political parties". European Parliament.

[europarl.europa.eu-6] The European Parliament: electoral procedures europarl.europa.eu

[7] The election of members of the European Parliament European Navigator

[seats-2014-8] "Composition of the European Parliament with a view to the 2014 elections". Europa.eu. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013.

[9] The European Elections europarl.europa.eu

[10] "The European Parliament: electoral procedures | Fact Sheets on the European Union | European Parliament". www.europarl.europa.eu. Retrieved 29 August 2022.

[11] "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 September 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[12] Maier, Michaela; Stromback, Jesper; Kaid, Lynda (2011). Political Communication in European Parliamentary Elections. Surrey: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 91. ISBN 9781409411321.

[13] "Jean-Claude Juncker: Experience. Solidarity. Future". European People's Party.

[14] MEPs by Member State and political group – sixth parliamentary term europarl.europa.eu

[15] Reif, K. and Schmitt, H. (1980) 'Nine Second-Order National Elections: A Conceptual Framework for the Analysis of European Election Results'. European Journal of Political Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 3–45.

[:0-16] Reichert, Fabian (2012). You Vote What You Read?. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. p. 4. ISBN 9783656179412.

[17] Hölting, Jan (2016). Salience-Based Voter-Party Congruence in the EU. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. p. 2. ISBN 9783668420861.

[18] Mulvey, Stephen (21 November 2003) The EU's democratic challenge BBC News

[19] Q&A: European elections, BBC News 21 July 2004

[20] Spongenberg, Helena (26 February 2007). "EU wants to dress up 2009 elections on TV". EU Observer. Retrieved 8 July 2007.

[Palmer-21] Palmer, John (10 January 2007). "Size shouldn't matter". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 28 June 2007.

[EUO_Political-22] Mahony, Honor (27 June 2007). "European politics to get more political". EU Observer. Retrieved 28 June 2007.

[historicalResultsFrench-23] Europe Politique: Parlement européen (in French)

[24] Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Sweden and, until 2020, United Kingdom

[25] Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg and Netherlands

[26] Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta, Portugal and Spain

[27] Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia

[28] "Turnout | 2019 European election results | European Parliament". 2019 European election results | European Parliament. 4 November 2019. Archived from the original on 23 July 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2019.

[29] "Turnout 2014 – European Parliament". Results-elections2014.eu. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[30] "Euroskeptics are a bigger presence in the European Parliament than in past". Pew Research Center. 22 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2019.

[31] "The Conference on the Future of Europe concludes its work". europarl.europa.eu. 5 September 2022.

[32] "Conference on the Future of Europe" (PDF).

[Epin-33] Hughes, Kirsty. "Nearing Compromise as Convention goes into Final Week?" (PDF). EPIN. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2008.

[Green_First-34] "European Greens Found European Greens". Deutsche Welle. 23 February 2004. Retrieved 30 January 2008.

[Euractiv_elect_deficit-35] "The EP elections: Deepening the democratic deficit". Euractiv. 16 June 2004. Archived from the original on 18 October 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2007.

[FU_Leadership-36] "Leadership of the EU". Federal Union. Archived from the original on 9 June 2007. Retrieved 27 August 2007.

[Lib_Cand-37] "Resolution ELDR Congress in Berlin 18–19 October 2007". ELDR party. 24 October 2007. Retrieved 4 January 2008.

[38] Phillips, Leigh (12 August 2010). "Socialists want US-style primaries for commission president candidate". EU Observer. Retrieved 12 August 2010.

[Barroso_Legitimacy-39] Mahony, Honor (28 February 2008). "Barroso admits legitimacy problem for commission president post". EU Observer. Retrieved 29 February 2008.

[40] Mahony, Honor (23 March 2010) EP president suggests election of future EU commissioners, EU Observer

[41] "Judgment of the European Court of Justice of 12 September 2006, Case C-145/04, Kingdom of Spain v United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland". Retrieved 1 May 2017.

[42] "Wahlen – Europawahlen". BM.I. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[43] "Les conditions d'électorat pour les différentes élections – Elections européennes et régionales 2009". Ibz.rrn.fgov.be. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[44] "Le droit de vote des Belges résidant dans l'Union européenne et des citoyens européens résidant en Belgique, pour l'élection du Parlement Européen – Elections européennes et r". Ibz.rrn.fgov.be. 19 December 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[45] "L'obligation de vote – Elections européennes et régionales 2009". Ibz.rrn.fgov.be. 16 December 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[46] "La candidature pour les différentes élections – Elections européennes et régionales 2009". Ibz.rrn.fgov.be. 18 December 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[legislationline.org-47] "ELECTION CODE Promulgated, State Gazette No. 9/28.01.2011" (PDF). Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[48] The Bulgarian Election Code, (2011), as amended by Act to Amend and Supplement the Election Code (2011)

[49] "Act to Amend and Supplement the Election Code (2011)". Legislationline.org. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[50] "Republic of Croatia European Parliamentary Elections Act, Article 4 (Zakon o izborima zastupnika iz RH u Europski parlament, Članak 4)". Sabor.hr. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[51] "Republic of Croatia European Parliamentary Elections Act, Article 5 (Zakon o izborima zastupnika iz RH u Europski parlament, Članak 5)". Sabor.hr. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[52] "Information for citizens of other EU member states on voting in the European Parliament elections in the Czech Republic – Ministry of the interior of the Czech Republic". Mvcr.cz. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[53] "European Parliament elections – valg.sum.dk". archive.is. 16 July 2012. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012.

[54] "Right to vote". Vvk.ee. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[55] "Right to Vote and Compilation of the Voting Rights". Archived from the original on 9 November 2013.

[56] "Eligibility and Nomination of Candidates". Archived from the original on 9 November 2013.

[57] "Service-Public.fr (Élections : Français domicilié à l'étranger)". Vosdroits.service-public.fr. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[58] "Élections : droit de vote d'un citoyen européen – Service-public.fr". Vosdroits.service-public.fr. Archived from the original on 7 August 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[GR-voting-reuters-59] "Greek MPs approve end to bonus seats, lower voting age". Reuters. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

[GR-voting-laws-60] "Εκλογή μελών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και άλλες διατάξεις." [Election of Members of the European Parliament and other provisions.]. Act No. 4255/2014 of 11 April 2014 (in Greek). Hellenic Parliament., article 1, paragraph 1:
Η εκλογή των μελών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου στις έδρες που κάθε φορά αναλογούν στην Ελλάδα, διενεργείται με άμεση, καθολική και μυστική ψηφοφορία από τους πολίτες που έχουν το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν, σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις των άρθρων 4, 5 και 6 του π.δ. 26/2012 «Κωδικοποίηση σε ενιαίο κείμενο των διατάξεων της νομοθεσίας για την εκλογή βουλευτών» (Α΄ 57). Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν και οι πολίτες των λοιπών κρατών − μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης κατά τα οριζόμενα στο ν. 2196/1994 (Α΄ 41). Η άσκηση του εκλογικού δικαιώματος είναι υποχρεωτική.
In English:
Election of Members of the European Parliament in the seats each time allocated to Greece shall be effected by direct, universal and secret ballot by the citizens entitled to vote in accordance with the provisions of Articles 4, 5 and 6 of the Presidential Decree. 26/2012 'Codification in a single text of the provisions of the legislation on the election of Members' (A 57). The citizens of other Member States of the European Union have the right to vote, as provided for in Law 2196/1994 (A 41). Exercise of the right to vote is compulsory.

Referencing:

"Κωδικοποίηση σ' ενιαίο κείμενο των διατάξεων της νομοθεσίας για την εκλογή βουλευτών" [Codification in a single text of the provisions of the legislation on the election of Members of the Hellenic Parliament]. Presidential Decree No. 26/2012 of 15 March 2012 (in Greek). Greek President. Retrieved 7 March 2019., article 4, paragraph 1:
Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν οι πολίτες Έλληνες και Ελληνίδες που συμπλήρωσαν το δέκατο όγδοο έτος της ηλικίας τους.

In English:
Greek citizens who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote."

Last changed by....:

"Αναλογική εκπροσώπηση των πολιτικών κομμάτων, διεύρυνση του δικαιώματος εκλέγειν και άλλες διατάξεις περί εκλογής Βουλευτών" [Proportional representation of political parties, widening of the right to vote and other provisions on the election of Members]. Act No. 4406/2016 of 22 July 2016 (in Greek). Greek President. Retrieved 7 March 2019., article 1:
Η παρ. 1 του άρθρου 4 του Π.δ. 26/2012 (Α ́57) αντι-καθίσταται ως εξής: «1. Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν οι πολίτες Έλλη-νες και Ελληνίδες που συμπλήρωσαν το δέκατο έβδομο (17ο) έτος της ηλικίας τους».

In English:
Article 1 (1) of the PD. 26/2012 (A 57) is replaced by the following: «1. The citizens of Greece and Greeks who have reached their seventeenth (17th) year of age have the right to vote.»

[61] "Εκλογή μελών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου και άλλες διατάξεις." [Election of Members of the European Parliament and other provisions.]. Act No. 4255/2014 of 11 April 2014 (in Greek). Hellenic Parliament., article 1, paragraph 1:
Η εκλογή των μελών του Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου στις έδρες που κάθε φορά αναλογούν στην Ελλάδα, διενεργείται με άμεση, καθολική και μυστική ψηφοφορία από τους πολίτες που έχουν το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν, σύμφωνα με τις διατάξεις των άρθρων 4, 5 και 6 του π.δ. 26/2012 «Κωδικοποίηση σε ενιαίο κείμενο των διατάξεων της νομοθεσίας για την εκλογή βουλευτών» (Α΄ 57). Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν και οι πολίτες των λοιπών κρατών − μελών της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης κατά τα οριζόμενα στο ν. 2196/1994 (Α΄ 41). Η άσκηση του εκλογικού δικαιώματος είναι υποχρεωτική.
In English:
Election of Members of the European Parliament in the seats each time allocated to Greece shall be effected by direct, universal and secret ballot by the citizens entitled to vote in accordance with the provisions of Articles 4, 5 and 6 of the Presidential Decree. 26/2012 'Codification in a single text of the provisions of the legislation on the election of Members' (A 57). The citizens of other Member States of the European Union have the right to vote, as provided for in Law 2196/1994 (A 41). Exercise of the right to vote is compulsory.

Referencing:

[62] "Κωδικοποίηση σ' ενιαίο κείμενο των διατάξεων της νομοθεσίας για την εκλογή βουλευτών" [Codification in a single text of the provisions of the legislation on the election of Members of the Hellenic Parliament]. Presidential Decree No. 26/2012 of 15 March 2012 (in Greek). Greek President. Retrieved 7 March 2019., article 4, paragraph 1:
Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν οι πολίτες Έλληνες και Ελληνίδες που συμπλήρωσαν το δέκατο όγδοο έτος της ηλικίας τους.

In English:
Greek citizens who have reached the age of 18 have the right to vote."

Last changed by....:

[63] "Αναλογική εκπροσώπηση των πολιτικών κομμάτων, διεύρυνση του δικαιώματος εκλέγειν και άλλες διατάξεις περί εκλογής Βουλευτών" [Proportional representation of political parties, widening of the right to vote and other provisions on the election of Members]. Act No. 4406/2016 of 22 July 2016 (in Greek). Greek President. Retrieved 7 March 2019., article 1:
Η παρ. 1 του άρθρου 4 του Π.δ. 26/2012 (Α ́57) αντι-καθίσταται ως εξής: «1. Το δικαίωμα του εκλέγειν έχουν οι πολίτες Έλλη-νες και Ελληνίδες που συμπλήρωσαν το δέκατο έβδομο (17ο) έτος της ηλικίας τους».

In English:
Article 1 (1) of the PD. 26/2012 (A 57) is replaced by the following: «1. The citizens of Greece and Greeks who have reached their seventeenth (17th) year of age have the right to vote.»

[61] "Ministry of Interior – Information for Greek residents abroad". Ypes.gr. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[62] "Hellenic Republic Ministry of the Interior: EU Citizens". Ypes.gr. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[63] "Citizens Information: Voting in a European election". Citizensinformation.ie. 21 May 2019. Retrieved 3 March 2020.

[64] "ELEZIONE DEI MEMBRI DEL PARLAMENTO EUROPEO SPETTANTI ALL'ITALIA" (PDF) (in Italian). Interno.it. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 15 September 2013.

[65] "Conditions de l'électorat – Site officiel des élections au Grand-Duché du Luxembourg – Mode d'emploi". Archived from the original on 16 September 2013.

[66] "S'inscrire sur les listes électorales pour les élections européennes – guichet.lu // Luxembourg – Participation aux élections européennes". Guichet.public.lu. 24 December 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[67] "Etre candidat aux élections européennes". Guichet.public.lu. 24 December 2013. Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[pvdd-68] This based on a Dutch decision by the 'Kiesraad', which disallowed South Africa's John M. Coetzee and two other non-European candidates on the sole ground that they had no proof of legal residence.

[69] "Lei Eleitoral para o Parlamento Europeu (Lei nº 14/87, de 29 Abril), Artigo 3º" (PDF). Retrieved 15 June 2014.

[70] "Comissão Nacional de Eleições: FAQ – Eleição para o Parlamento Europeu" (PDF).

[71] "Perguntas Frequentes: Candidatura – Comissão Nacional de Eleições". cne.pt.

[72] "Elections to the European Parliament of June 2009" (PDF). ine.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 September 2013.

[73] Valmyndigheten: Suffrage and electoral rolls Archived 3 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine

Members of the European Parliament
1952–1958	Belgium France West Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands
1958–1979	Belgium Denmark (1973) France West Germany Ireland (1973), (1973–1977), (1977–1979) Italy Luxembourg Netherlands United Kingdom (1973)
1979–1984	Belgium Denmark France West Germany Greece (1981) Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands United Kingdom
1984–1989	Belgium Denmark France West Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal (1987) Spain (1987) United Kingdom
1989–1994	Belgium Denmark France (West) Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain United Kingdom
1994–1999	Austria (1996) Belgium Denmark Finland (1996) France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden (1995) United Kingdom
1999–2004	Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Spain Sweden United Kingdom
2004–2009	Austria Belgium Bulgaria (2007) Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania (2007) Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom
2009–2014	Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia (2013) Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom
2014–2019	Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom
2019–2024	Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom (2019–2020)
Women	Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom
Delegations	Greece (1981) Portugal (1986) Spain (1986) Sweden (1995) Austria (1995) Finland (1995) Cyprus (2004) Czech Republic (2004) Estonia (2004) Hungary (2004) Latvia (2004) Lithuania (2004) Malta (2004) Poland (2004) Slovakia (2004) Slovenia (2004) Bulgaria (2007) Romania (2007)
Observers	Portugal Spain East Germany (1991) Cyprus (2003) Czech Republic (2003) Estonia (2003) Hungary (2003) Latvia (2003) Lithuania (2003) Malta (2003) Poland (2003) Slovakia (2003) Slovenia (2003) Bulgaria (2005) Romania (2005) Croatia (2012)

Elections in Europe
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Northern Ireland Scotland Wales Vatican City
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard
Other entities	European Union

Politics of the European Union
This article is part of a series on


Member states (27) Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Candidate countries Albania Moldova Montenegro North Macedonia Serbia Turkey Ukraine Applicant countries Bosnia and Herzegovina Georgia Special territories France–Germany relations EU 3 Withdrawal from the European Union
Treaties Treaty of Paris (1951) Treaty of Rome (1957) Euratom Treaty (1957) Merger Treaty (1965) Single European Act (1986) Maastricht Treaty (1992) Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) Treaty of Nice (2001) Treaty of Lisbon (2007) Article 7 Article 50 Opt-outs Treaties of accession 1972, 1979, 1985, 1994, 2003, 2005, 2011 Treaties of succession 1984, 2020 Other treaties Schengen Agreement (1985) European Economic Area Agreement (1992) Abandoned treaties and agreements European Constitution (2004) UK membership renegotiation (2015–2016)
Executive institutions European Council President: Michel (ALDE) Parties List of meetings European Commission Von der Leyen Commission President: Von der Leyen (EPP) Vice Presidents College of Commissioners Civil Service Secretary-General: Juhansone
Legislative institutions Legislative procedure Council of the EU Presidency Czech Republic (July–December 2022) Configurations GAC FAC ECOFIN Eurogroup AGRIFISH EPSCO COMPET TTE ENVI JHA EYC Voting Secretariat Secretary-General: Jeppe Tranholm-Mikkelsen Directorates-general COREPER European Parliament (Members) President: Metsola Largest groups EPP (Manfred Weber) S&D (Iratxe García) Member of the European Parliament 9th session (2019–2024) Bureau Vice Presidents Quaestor Conference National parliaments
Judicial institutions Court of Justice of the EU European Court of Justice Members Advocates General Rulings General Court
Auditory institutions European Court of Auditors European Court of Auditors Other auditory bodies Internal Audit Service of the Commission Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council Anti-Fraud Office Public Prosecutor's Office
Economic and monetary institutions European Central Bank President Lagarde ESCB EMU Euro banknotes Euro coins
Other bodies European Investment Bank Group Investment Bank Investment Fund EIB Institute European Stability Mechanism European Stability Mechanism European University Institute European University Institute Unified Patent Court Unified Patent Court Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings Decentralised agencies of the EU Single market agencies CFSP agencies AFSC agencies ESFS European Supervisory Authorities SRM bodies Executive agencies of the EU Euratom agencies Decentralised independent bodies of the EU European Institute of Innovation and Technology European Public Prosecutor's Office Corporate bodies of the EU European Data Protection Board Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations Joint undertakings of the EU of the Euratom Other independent bodies European Data Protection Supervisor European Ombudsman Advisory bodies European Committee of the Regions European Economic and Social Committee Political and Security Committee European Union Military Committee EU/ESA Space Council Inter-institutional bodies Publications Office of the European Union European External Action Service European Personnel Selection Office Anti-Fraud Office European Administrative School
Euratom Euratom members Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Associated states Switzerland United Kingdom Nuclear power in the European Union Euratom since 1 January 2021
Economic and Monetary Union Eurozone members Austria Belgium Cyprus Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Eurogroup President Paschal Donohoe Other currencies in use Bulgarian lev Croatian kuna Czech koruna Danish krone Hungarian forint Polish złoty Romanian leu Swedish krona ERM II Enlargement of the eurozone Non Euro countries relationship to Euro Bulgaria Croatia Czechia Denmark Hungary Poland Sweden Romania Eurozone since 2015
Schengen Area Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Non-EU members Iceland Liechtenstein Norway Switzerland Prüm Convention Schengen Information System Visa Information System Visa policy of the Schengen Area Non-Schengen Area states Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Ireland Romania Schengen Area since 2015
European Economic Area EEA members Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Non-EU members Iceland Liechtenstein Norway Topics EEA Joint Committee EEA National Identity cards Microstates and the European Union European Economic Area
Elections 1979, 1984, 1989, 1994 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014 2019 (last election) European political parties Constituencies Elections in EU member states Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Referendums relating to the EU
Law Acquis Primacy (ECJ Case 6/64) Subsidiarity Regulation Directive Decision Recommendation Fundamental Rights
Policies and issues Budget Customs Union Free Trade Agreements European Single Market Area of FS&J Policies Agricultural Energy Fisheries Regional Citizenship Passports of the European Union Identity Pro-Europeanism Euroscepticism European banking union Single Supervisory Mechanism Single Resolution Mechanism Capital Markets Union European System of Financial Supervision Integration Supranationalism United States of Europe Multi-speed Europe Enhanced co-op
Foreign relations High Representative Josep Borrell Ext. Action Service Foreign Policy Defence Policy Foreign relations of EU member states Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Armenia–European Union relations China–European Union relations Iceland–European Union relations Norway–European Union relations Russia–European Union relations Switzerland–European Union relations Turkey–European Union relations Ukraine–European Union relations United Kingdom–European Union relations (History) Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union Brexit United States–European Union relations Common Travel Area (Ireland) Microstates and the European Union European Union and the United Nations European Union Association Agreement G7 G20
Defunct bodies European Communities (1958–1993) European Coal and Steel Community European Economic Community European Community Western European Union Convention on the Future of Europe
European Union portal Other countries