List of first ladies of the United States

The first lady of the United States is the hostess of the White House. The position is traditionally filled by the wife of the president of the United States, but, on occasion, the title has been applied to women who were not presidents' wives, such as when the president was a bachelor or widower, or when the wife of the president was unable to fulfill the duties of the first lady. The first lady is not an elected position; it carries no official duties and receives no salary. Nonetheless, she attends many official ceremonies and functions of state either along with or in place of the president. Traditionally, the first lady does not hold outside employment while occupying the office,[1] although Eleanor Roosevelt earned money writing and giving lectures, but gave most of it to charity.[2] She has her own staff, including the White House social secretary, the chief of staff, the press secretary, the chief floral designer, and the executive chef. The Office of the First Lady is also in charge of all social and ceremonial events of the White House, and is a branch of the Executive Office of the President.

First Lady of the
United States of America
Currently in role
Jill Biden
since January 20, 2021
StyleMadam First Lady
ResidenceWhite House
Inaugural holderMartha Washington
WebsiteFirst Ladies

There have been total of 54 first ladies including 43 official and 11 acting, within 46 first ladyships. This discrepancy exists because some presidents had multiple first ladies. Following Joe Biden's inauguration on January 20, 2021, his wife, Jill Biden, became the 43rd official first lady.

There are five living former first ladies: Rosalynn Carter, married to Jimmy Carter; Hillary Clinton, married to Bill Clinton; Laura Bush, married to George W. Bush, Michelle Obama, married to Barack Obama; and Melania Trump, married to Donald Trump. The first first lady was Martha Washington, married to George Washington. Presidents John Tyler and Woodrow Wilson had two official first ladies; both remarried during their presidential tenures. The wives of four presidents died before their husbands were sworn into office but are still considered first ladies by the White House and National First Ladies' Library: Martha Wayles Skelton, married to Thomas Jefferson;[3][4] Rachel Jackson, married to Andrew Jackson;[5][6] Hannah Van Buren, married to Martin Van Buren;[7][8] and Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur, married to Chester A. Arthur.[9][10] One woman who was not married to a president is still considered an official first lady: Harriet Lane, niece of bachelor James Buchanan. The other non-spousal relatives who served as White House hostesses are not recognized by the First Ladies' Library.

In 2007, the United States Mint began releasing a set of half-ounce $10 gold coins under the First Spouse Program with engravings of portraits of the first ladies on the obverse.[11] When a president served without a spouse, a gold coin was issued that bears an obverse image emblematic of Liberty as depicted on a circulating coin of that era and a reverse image emblematic of themes of that president's life. This is true for the coins for Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren, and James Buchanan's first ladies, but not the coin for Chester A. Arthur's first lady, which instead depicts suffragette Alice Paul.[12]

Current living first ladies

Living first ladies as of September 2022 (from oldest to youngest):

  • Rosalynn Carter
    (1977–1981)
    Born (1927-08-18)August 18, 1927
    (age 95 years, 75 days)
  • Laura Bush
    (2001–2009)
    Born (1946-11-04)November 4, 1946
    (age 75 years, 362 days)
  • Hillary Clinton
    (1993–2001)
    Born (1947-10-26)October 26, 1947
    (age 75 years, 6 days)
  • Jill Biden
    (2021–present)
    Born (1951-06-03)June 3, 1951
    (age 71 years, 151 days)
  • Michelle Obama
    (2009–2017)
    Born (1964-01-17)January 17, 1964
    (age 58 years, 288 days)
  • Melania Trump
    (2017–2021)
    Born (1970-04-26)April 26, 1970
    (age 52 years, 189 days)[13]

List

This list includes all persons who served as first ladies, regardless of whether they were married to the incumbent president or not, as well as persons who are considered first ladies by the official White House website and the White House Historical Association.

POTUS
No.
 Portrait Name Tenure Age at tenure start President
(Husband, unless noted)
1 Martha Washington
June 2, 1731 – May 22, 1802
(aged 70)
[14][15]
 April 30, 1789
–
March 4, 1797		 57 years, 321 days George Washington
m. January 6, 1759
2 Abigail Adams
November 22, 1744 – October 28, 1818
(aged 73)
[16][17]
 March 4, 1797
–
March 4, 1801		 52 years, 102 days John Adams
m. October 25, 1764
3 Martha Jefferson
September 27, 1772 – October 10, 1836
(aged 64)
[3][4]
 March 4, 1801
–
March 4, 1809		 28 years, 158 days Thomas Jefferson
Father
[upper-alpha 1]
4 Dolley Madison
May 20, 1768 – July 12, 1849
(aged 81)
[18][19]		 March 4, 1809
–
March 4, 1817		 40 years, 288 days James Madison
m. September 14, 1794
5 Elizabeth Monroe
June 30, 1768 – September 23, 1830
(aged 62)
[20][21]		 March 4, 1817
–
March 4, 1825		 48 years, 247 days James Monroe
m. February 16, 1786
6 Louisa Adams
Birth country:  Great Britain
(present day  United Kingdom)
February 12, 1775 – May 15, 1852
(aged 77)
[22][23]		 March 4, 1825
–
March 4, 1829		 50 years, 20 days John Quincy Adams
m. July 26, 1797
7 Emily Donelson

June 1, 1807 – December 19, 1836
(aged 29)
[24]

 March 4, 1829
–
November 26, 1834		 21 years, 276 days Andrew Jackson
Uncle
Sarah Jackson

July 16, 1803 – August 23, 1887
(aged 84)
[25]

 November 26, 1834
–
March 4, 1837		 31 years, 133 days Andrew Jackson
Father-in-law
8 Vacant March 4, 1837
–
November 27, 1838		 Vacant Martin Van Buren
Widower
Sarah Van Buren
February 13, 1818 – December 29, 1877
(aged 59)
[7][8]		 November 27, 1838
–
March 4, 1841		 20 years, 287 days Martin Van Buren
Father-in-law
9 Anna Harrison
July 25, 1775 – February 25, 1864
(aged 88)
[26][27]		 March 4, 1841
–
April 4, 1841		 65 years, 222 days William Henry Harrison
m. November 22, 1795
Jane Harrison
July 23, 1804 – May 11, 1847
(aged 42)
[27]		 March 4, 1841
–
April 4, 1841		 36 years, 224 days William Henry Harrison
Father-in-law
10 Letitia Tyler
November 12, 1790 – September 10, 1842
(aged 51)
[28][29]		 April 4, 1841
–
September 10, 1842
†		 50 years, 143 days John Tyler
m. (1813-03-29)March 29, 1813
Elizabeth Priscilla Tyler
June 14, 1816 – December 29, 1889
(aged 73)
[30]		 September 10, 1842
–
June 26, 1844		 26 years, 88 days John Tyler
Father-in-law
Julia Tyler
May 4, 1820 – July 10, 1889
(aged 69)
[31][32]		 June 26, 1844
–
March 4, 1845		 24 years, 53 days John Tyler
m. June 26, 1844
Married while President
11 Sarah Polk
September 4, 1803 – August 14, 1891
(aged 87)
[33][34]		 March 4, 1845
–
March 4, 1849		 41 years, 181 days James K. Polk
m. January 1, 1824
12 Margaret "Peggy" Taylor
September 21, 1788 – August 14, 1852
(aged 63)
[35][36]		 March 4, 1849
–
July 9, 1850		 60 years, 164 days Zachary Taylor
m. June 21, 1810
13 Abigail Fillmore
March 13, 1798 – March 30, 1853
(aged 55)
[37][38]		 July 9, 1850
–
March 4, 1853		 52 years, 118 days Millard Fillmore
m. February 5, 1826
14 Jane Pierce
March 12, 1806 – December 2, 1863
(aged 57)
[39][40]		 March 4, 1853
–
March 4, 1857		 46 years, 357 days Franklin Pierce
m. November 19, 1834
15 Harriet Lane
May 9, 1830 – July 3, 1903
(aged 73)
[41][42]		 March 4, 1857
–
March 4, 1861		 26 years, 299 days James Buchanan
Uncle
16 Mary Lincoln
December 13, 1818 – July 16, 1882
(aged 63)
[43][44]		 March 4, 1861
–
April 15, 1865		 42 years, 81 days Abraham Lincoln
m. November 4, 1842
17 Eliza Johnson
October 4, 1810 – January 15, 1876
(aged 65)
[45][46]		 April 15, 1865
–
March 4, 1869		 54 years, 193 days Andrew Johnson
m. May 17, 1827
18 Julia Grant
January 26, 1826 – December 14, 1902
(aged 76)
[47][48]		 March 4, 1869
–
March 4, 1877		 43 years, 37 days Ulysses S. Grant
m. August 22, 1848
19 Lucy Hayes
August 28, 1831 – June 25, 1889
(aged 57)
[49][50]		 March 4, 1877
–
March 4, 1881		 45 years, 188 days Rutherford B. Hayes
m. December 30, 1852
20 Lucretia Garfield
April 19, 1832 – March 14, 1918
(aged 85)
[51][52]		 March 4, 1881
–
September 19, 1881		 48 years, 319 days James A. Garfield
m. November 11, 1858
21 Mary McElroy
July 5, 1841 – January 8, 1917
(aged 75)
[53]		 September 19, 1881
–
March 4, 1885		 40 years, 76 days Chester A. Arthur
Brother
22 Rose Cleveland
June 13, 1846 – November 22, 1918
(aged 72)
[54]		 March 4, 1885
–
June 2, 1886		 38 years, 264 days Grover Cleveland
Brother
Frances Cleveland
July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947
(aged 83)
[55][56]		 June 2, 1886
–
March 4, 1889		 21 years, 316 days Grover Cleveland
m. June 2, 1886
Married while President
23 Caroline Harrison
October 1, 1832 – October 25, 1892
(aged 60)
[57][58]		 March 4, 1889
–
October 25, 1892
†		 56 years, 154 days Benjamin Harrison
m. October 20, 1853
Mary Harrison McKee
April 3, 1858 – October 28, 1930
(aged 72)
[58]		 October 25, 1892
–
March 4, 1893		 34 years, 205 days Benjamin Harrison
Father
24 Frances Cleveland
July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947
(aged 83)
[55][56]		 March 4, 1893
–
March 4, 1897		 28 years, 226 days Grover Cleveland
m. June 2, 1886
Remarried 1913
25 Ida McKinley
June 8, 1847 – May 26, 1907
(aged 59)
[59][60]		 March 4, 1897
–
September 14, 1901		 49 years, 269 days William McKinley
m. January 25, 1871
26 Edith Roosevelt
August 6, 1861 – September 30, 1948
(aged 87)
[61][62]		 September 14, 1901
–
March 4, 1909		 40 years, 39 days Theodore Roosevelt
m. December 2, 1886
27 Helen "Nellie" Taft
June 2, 1861 – May 22, 1943
(aged 81)
[63][64]		 March 4, 1909
–
March 4, 1913		 47 years, 275 days William H. Taft
m. June 19, 1886
28 Ellen Wilson
May 15, 1860 – August 6, 1914
(aged 54)
[65][66]		 March 4, 1913
–
August 6, 1914
†		 52 years, 293 days Woodrow Wilson
m. June 24, 1885
Margaret Wilson
April 16, 1886 – February 12, 1944
(aged 57)
[66][67]		 August 6, 1914
–
December 18, 1915		 28 years, 112 days Woodrow Wilson
Father
Edith Wilson
October 15, 1872 – December 28, 1961
(aged 89)
[68][69]		 December 18, 1915
–
March 4, 1921		 43 years, 64 days Woodrow Wilson
m. December 18, 1915
Married while President
29 Florence Harding
August 15, 1860 – November 21, 1924
(aged 64)
[70][71]		 March 4, 1921
–
August 2, 1923		 60 years, 201 days Warren G. Harding
m. July 8, 1891
30 Grace Coolidge
January 3, 1879 – July 8, 1957
(aged 78)
[72][73]		 August 2, 1923
–
March 4, 1929		 44 years, 211 days Calvin Coolidge
m. October 4, 1905
31 Lou Hoover
March 29, 1874 – January 7, 1944
(aged 69)
[74][75]		 March 4, 1929
–
March 4, 1933		 54 years, 340 days Herbert Hoover
m. February 10, 1899
32 Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962
(aged 78)
[76][77]		 March 4, 1933
–
April 12, 1945		 48 years, 144 days Franklin D. Roosevelt
m. March 17, 1905
33 Elizabeth "Bess" Truman
February 13, 1885 – October 18, 1982
(aged 97)
[78][79]		 April 12, 1945
–
January 20, 1953		 60 years, 58 days Harry S. Truman
m. June 28, 1919
34 Mamie Eisenhower
November 14, 1896 – November 1, 1979
(aged 82)
[80][81]		 January 20, 1953
–
January 20, 1961		 56 years, 67 days Dwight D. Eisenhower
m. July 1, 1916
35 Jacqueline "Jackie" Kennedy
July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994
(aged 64)
[82][83]		 January 20, 1961
–
November 22, 1963		 31 years, 176 days John F. Kennedy
m. September 12, 1953
Remarried 1968
36 Claudia "Lady Bird" Johnson
December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007
(aged 94)
[84][85]		 November 22, 1963
–
January 20, 1969		 50 years, 335 days Lyndon B. Johnson
m. November 17, 1934
37 Thelma "Pat" Nixon
March 16, 1912 – June 22, 1993
(aged 81)
[86][87]		 January 20, 1969
–
August 9, 1974		 56 years, 310 days Richard Nixon
m. June 21, 1940
38 Elizabeth "Betty" Ford
April 8, 1918 – July 8, 2011
(aged 93)
[88][89]		 August 9, 1974
–
January 20, 1977		 56 years, 123 days Gerald Ford
m. October 15, 1948
39 Eleanor Rosalynn Carter
Born (1927-08-18) August 18, 1927
[90][91]		 January 20, 1977
–
January 20, 1981		 49 years, 155 days Jimmy Carter
m. July 7, 1946
40 Nancy Reagan
July 6, 1921 – March 6, 2016
(aged 94)
[92][93]		 January 20, 1981
–
January 20, 1989		 59 years, 203 days Ronald Reagan
m. March 4, 1952
41 Barbara Bush
June 8, 1925 – April 17, 2018
(aged 92)
[94][95]		 January 20, 1989
–
January 20, 1993		 63 years, 226 days George H. W. Bush
m. January 6, 1945
42 Hillary Clinton
Born (1947-10-26) October 26, 1947
[96][97]		 January 20, 1993
–
January 20, 2001		 45 years, 86 days Bill Clinton
m. October 11, 1975
43 Laura Bush
Born (1946-11-04) November 4, 1946
[98][99]		 January 20, 2001
–
January 20, 2009		 54 years, 77 days George W. Bush
m. November 5, 1977
44 Michelle Obama
Born (1964-01-17) January 17, 1964
[100][101]		 January 20, 2009
–
January 20, 2017		 45 years, 3 days Barack Obama
m. October 3, 1992
45 Melania Trump
Birth country:  Yugoslavia
(present day  Slovenia)
Born (1970-04-26) April 26, 1970
[102][103]		 January 20, 2017
–
January 20, 2021		 46 years, 269 days Donald Trump
m. January 22, 2005
46 Jill Biden
Born (1951-06-03) June 3, 1951
[104]		 January 20, 2021
–
present
 69 years, 231 days Joe Biden
m. June 17, 1977

Other spouses of presidents of the United States

Certain spouses of presidents of the United States are not considered first ladies of the United States.

Four presidents were widowed prior to their presidencies:

Two presidents were widowed and remarried prior to their presidencies:

  • Theodore Roosevelt was married to Alice Hathaway Lee from 1880 until her death in 1884. He was subsequently married to Edith Carow from 1886 to his death in 1919.
  • Joe Biden was married to Neilia Hunter from 1966 until her death in 1972. He has subsequently been married to Jill Jacobs since 1977.

Two presidents were divorced and remarried prior to their presidencies:

Two presidents remarried after their presidencies:

  • Millard Fillmore was married to Caroline Carmichael McIntosh from 1858 until his death in 1874.
  • Benjamin Harrison was married to Mary Scott Lord Dimmick from 1896 until his death in 1901.

See also
  • Bibliography of United States presidential spouses and first ladies
  • Second Ladies and Gentlemen of the United States
  • First family of the United States
  • List of children of presidents of the United States
  • List of current United States first spouses
  • List of memoirs by first ladies of the United States
  • List of presidents of the United States
  • List of United States First Lady firsts
  • Spouse of the prime minister of Canada
  • First Lady of Mexico

Notes
  1. Jefferson's spouse, Martha Jefferson, died before he became president. Their daughter, Martha, is considered first lady by the White House Historical Association.

References
  1. Caroli, Betty Boyd (2003). First Ladies from Martha Washington to Laura Bush. Oxford University Press. p. 200.
  2. Wiesen Cook, Blanche (1992). Eleanor Roosevelt: 1884–1933. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-80486-3.
  3. "Biography of Martha Jefferson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  4. "First Lady Biography: Martha Jefferson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  5. "Biography of Rachel Jackson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  6. "First Lady Biography: Rachel Jackson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  7. "Biography of Hannah Van Buren". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  8. "First Lady Biography: Hannah Van Buren". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  9. "Biography of Ellen Arthur". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved January 20, 2009 – via National Archives.
  10. "First Lady Biography: Ellen Arthur". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved January 10, 2009.
  11. "The First Spouse Gold Coins". United States Mint. Retrieved January 10, 2009.
  12. 31 U.S.C. § 5112(o)(3)(D)(i)(II) Denominations, specifications, and design of coins. The First Spouse Gold Coins. Cornell University. Retrieved on January 10, 2009.
  13. Collins, Lauren (May 9, 2016). "The Model American: Melania Trump is the exception to her husband's nativist politics". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on November 19, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  14. "Biography of Martha Washington". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  15. "First Lady Biography: Martha Washington". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  16. "Biography of Abigail Adams". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  17. "First Lady Biography: Abigail Adams". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  18. "Biography of Dolley Madison". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  19. "First Lady Biography: Dolley Madison". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  20. "Biography of Elizabeth Monroe". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  21. "First Lady Biography: Elizabeth Monroe". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  22. "Biography of Louisa Adams". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  23. "First Lady Biography: Louisa Adams". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  24. "Emily Donelson". WHHA. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  25. "First Ladies Never Married to Presidents: Sarah Jackson". www.firstladies.org. Retrieved 2017-06-01.
  26. "Biography of Anna Harrison". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  27. "First Lady Biography: Anna Harrison". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  28. "Biography of Letitia Tyler". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  29. "First Lady Biography: Letitia Tyler". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  30. "Letitia Tyler Biography :: National First Ladies' Library". Firstladies.org. December 28, 1907. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
  31. "Biography of Julia Tyler". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  32. "First Lady Biography: Julia Tyler". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  33. "Biography of Sarah Polk". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  34. "First Lady Biography: Sarah Polk". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  35. "Biography of Margaret Taylor". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  36. "First Lady Biography: Margaret Taylor". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  37. "Biography of Abigail Fillmore". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  38. "First Lady Biography: Abigail Fillmore". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  39. "Biography of Jane Pierce". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  40. "First Lady Biography: Jane Pierce". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  41. "Biography of Harriet Lane". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  42. "First Lady Biography: Harriet Lane". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  43. "Biography of Mary Lincoln". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  44. "First Lady Biography: Mary Lincoln". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  45. "Biography of Eliza McCardle Johnson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  46. "First Lady Biography: Eliza Johnson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  47. "Biography of Julia Grant". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  48. "First Lady Biography: Julia Grant". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  49. "Biography of Lucy Hayes". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  50. "First Lady Biography: Lucy Hayes". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  51. "Biography of Lucretia Garfield". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  52. "First Lady Biography: Lucretia Garfield". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  53. "Mary Arthur McElroy, White House hostess for President Chester Arthur". loc.gov. Library of Congress. 1885. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  54. Wilson, J. G.; Fiske, J., eds. (1900). "Cleveland, Grover" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. New York: D. Appleton.
  55. "Biography of Frances Cleveland". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  56. "First Lady Biography: Frances Cleveland". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  57. "Biography of Caroline Harrison". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  58. "First Lady Biography: Caroline Harrison". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  59. "Biography of Ida McKinley". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  60. "First Lady Biography: Ida McKinley". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  61. "Biography of Edith Roosevelt". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  62. "First Lady Biography: Edith Roosevelt". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  63. "Biography of Helen Taft". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  64. "First Lady Biography: Helen Taft". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  65. "Biography of Ellen Wilson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  66. "First Lady Biography: Ellen Wilson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  67. "First Lady - Ellen Wilson". C-SPAN.
  68. "Biography of Edith Wilson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  69. "First Lady Biography: Edith Wilson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  70. "Biography of Florence Harding". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  71. "First Lady Biography: Florence Harding". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  72. "Biography of Grace Coolidge". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  73. "First Lady Biography: Grace Coolidge". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  74. "Biography of Lou Hoover". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  75. "First Lady Biography: Lou Hoover". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  76. "Biography of Eleanor Roosevelt". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  77. "First Lady Biography: Eleanor Roosevelt". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  78. "Biography of Bess Truman". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  79. "First Lady Biography: Bess Truman". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  80. "Biography of Mamie Eisenhower". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  81. "First Lady Biography: Mamie Eisenhower". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  82. "Biography of Jacqueline Kennedy". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  83. "First Lady Biography: Jackie Kennedy". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  84. "Biography of Lady Bird Johnson". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  85. "First Lady Biography: Lady Bird Johnson". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  86. "Biography of Pat Nixon". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  87. "First Lady Biography: Pat Nixon". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  88. "Biography of Betty Ford". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  89. "First Lady Biography: Betty Ford". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  90. "Biography of Rosalynn Carter". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  91. "First Lady Biography: Rosalynn Carter". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  92. "Biography of Nancy Reagan". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  93. "First Lady Biography: Nancy Reagan". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  94. "Biography of Barbara Bush". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  95. "First Lady Biography: Barbara Bush". National First Ladies' Library. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  96. "Biography of Hillary Clinton". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  97. "First Lady Biography: Hillary Clinton". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  98. "Biography of Laura Bush". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  99. "First Lady Biography: Laura Bush". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  100. "Biography of Michelle Obama". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2010 – via National Archives.
  101. "First Lady Biography: Michelle Obama". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  102. "Biography of Melania Trump". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2017 – via National Archives.
  103. "First Lady Biography: Melania Trump". National First Ladies' Library. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  104. "Biography of Jill Biden". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved March 11, 2021 – via National Archives.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.