Ford's Theatre

Ford's Theatre is a theater located in Washington, D.C., which opened in August 1863. The theater is infamous for being the site for the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. On the night of April 15, 1865, John Wilkes Booth entered the theater box where Lincoln and his wife were watching a performance of Our American Cousin, slipped the single-shot, 5.87-inch derringer from his pocket and fired at Lincoln's head. After being shot in the head, the fatally wounded 56-year-old Lincoln was carried across the street to the Petersen House, where he died the next morning.

Ford's Theatre
Address511 10th St, NW
Washington, D.C.
United States
OwnerNational Park Service
OperatorFord's Theatre Society
TypeRegional theater
Capacity665
Construction
OpenedAugust 1863 (1863-08)
Reopened1968, 2009
Website
www.fords.org
Ford's Theatre National Historic Site
U.S. National Historic Site
Coordinates38°53′48.02″N 77°1′32.5″W
Area0.29 acres (0.12 ha) (theater alone) less than one acre (entire NHS)
Built1863
Architectural styleLate Victorian
Visitation856,079 (2005)
WebsiteFord's Theatre National Historic Site
NRHP reference No.66000034[1]
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 2013

The theater was later used as a warehouse and government office building. In 1893, part of its interior flooring collapsed, causing 22 deaths, and needed repairs were made. The building became a museum in 1932, and it was renovated and re-opened as a theater in 1968. A related Center for Education and Leadership museum opened February 12, 2012, next to Petersen House.

The Petersen House and the theater are preserved together as Ford's Theatre National Historic Site, administered by the National Park Service; programming within the theater and the Center for Education is overseen separately by the Ford's Theatre Society.[2]

History
Depiction of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, showing Booth, Lincoln, Mary Todd Lincoln, Clara Harris, and Henry Rathbone.
View from beneath the balcony. The Presidential Box is on the right.
Fords Theatre 1865

The site was originally a house of worship, constructed in 1833 as the second meeting house of the First Baptist Church of Washington, with Obadiah Bruen Brown as the pastor. In 1861, after the congregation moved to a newly built structure, John T. Ford bought the former church and renovated it into a theater. He first called it Ford's Athenaeum. It was destroyed by fire in 1862, and was rebuilt.

Assassination of President Lincoln
See also: Assassination of Abraham Lincoln

On April 14, 1865—just five days after General Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House—Lincoln and his wife attended a performance of Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre. The famous actor John Wilkes Booth, desperate to aid the dying Confederacy, made his way into the presidential box and shot Lincoln. Booth then jumped down to the stage, and escaped through a rear door.[3][4][5] This was witnessed by many, including 5-year-old Samuel J. Seymour who lived to 1956, becoming the last witness to the Lincoln assassination.[6]

Following the assassination, the United States Government appropriated the theater. Congress paid Ford $88,000 in compensation,[7] and an order was issued forever prohibiting its use as a place of public amusement. Between 1866 and 1887, the theater was taken over by the U.S. military and served as a facility for the War Department with records kept on the first floor, the Library of the Surgeon General's Office on the second floor, and the Army Medical Museum on the third. In 1887, the building exclusively became a clerk's office for the Record and Pension Office of the War Department when the medical departments moved out.

Disrepair and restoration

On June 9, 1893, the front section of the three interior floors collapsed when a supporting pillar was undermined during excavation of the cellar, killing 22 clerks and injuring another 68. This led some people to believe that the former church turned theater and storeroom was cursed. The building was repaired and Record and Pension Office clerks were moved back on July 30, 1894.[8][9]

In 1928,[10] the building was turned over from the War Department Office to the Office of Public Buildings and Parks of the National Capital. A Lincoln museum opened on the first floor of the theater building on February 12, 1932—Lincoln's 123rd birthday.[11] In 1933, the building was transferred to the National Park Service.

The restoration of Ford's Theatre was brought about by the two-decade-long lobbying efforts of Democratic National Committeeman Melvin D. Hildreth and Republican North Dakota Representative Milton Young. Hildreth first suggested to Young the need for its restoration in 1945. Through extensive lobbying of Congress, a bill was passed in 1955 to prepare an engineering study for the reconstruction of the building.[12] In 1964, Congress approved funds for its restoration, which began that year and was completed in 1968.

On January 21, 1968, Vice President Hubert Humphrey and 500 others dedicated the restored theater.[13] The theater reopened on January 30, 1968, with a gala performance.[14] The presidential box is never occupied.[15]

The theater was again renovated during the 2000s. It has a current seating capacity of 665.[16] The re-opening ceremony was on February 11, 2009,[17] which commemorated Lincoln's 200th birthday. The event featured remarks from President Barack Obama as well as appearances by Katie Couric, Kelsey Grammer, James Earl Jones, Ben Vereen, Jeffrey Wright, the President's Own Marine Band, Joshua Bell, Patrick Lundy and the Ministers of Music, Audra McDonald and Jessye Norman.[18]

Ford's Theatre National Historic Site

The National Historic Site consisting of two contributing buildings, the theater and the Petersen House, was designated in 1932.

The Ford's Theatre Museum beneath the theater contains portions of the Olroyd Collection of Lincolniana. Most recently renovated for a July 2009 reopening,[19] the Museum is run through a partnership with the National Park Service and the private non-profit 501(c)(3) Ford's Theatre Society. The collection includes multiple items related to the assassination, including the Derringer pistol used to carry out the shooting, Booth's diary and the original door to Lincoln's theater box. In addition, a number of Lincoln's family items, his coat (without the blood-stained pieces), some statues of Lincoln and several large portraits of the President are on display in the museum. The blood-stained pillow from the President's deathbed is in the Ford's Theatre Museum. In addition to covering the assassination conspiracy, the renovated museum focuses on Lincoln's arrival in Washington, his presidential cabinet, family life in the White House and his role as orator and emancipator.[20] The museum also features exhibits about Civil War milestones and generals and about the building's history as a theatrical venue. The rocking chair in which Lincoln was sitting is now on display at The Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan.

Petersen House
Lincoln died in Petersen House, across from Ford's Theatre.

After Lincoln was shot, doctors had soldiers carry him into the street in search of a house in which he would be more comfortable. A man on the steps of the house of tailor William Petersen beckoned to them. They took Lincoln into the first-floor bedroom and laid him on the bed – diagonally because of his unusual height. Many people came to visit him throughout the night before he died the following morning at 7:22 a.m.

The Petersen House was purchased by the U.S. government in 1896 as the "House Where Lincoln Died", being the federal government's first purchase of a historic home.[21] The National Park Service has operated it as a historic house museum since 1933, the rooms furnished as on the night Lincoln died.[22]

See also
  • Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site
  • Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum
  • Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial
  • Lincoln Home National Historic Site
  • Lincoln Memorial
  • Lincoln Memorial University
  • Lincoln Tomb
  • Mount Rushmore
  • Theater in Washington, D.C.
  • United States Presidential Memorial
  • President Lincoln's Cottage

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. "About · Ford's Theatre". fords.org.
  3. Donald, David Herbert (1995). Lincoln. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80846-3.
  4. Smith, Gene (1992). American Gothic: the story of America's legendary theatrical family, Junius, Edwin, and John Wilkes Booth. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 154. ISBN 0-671-76713-5.
  5. Goodrich, Thomas (2005). The Darkest Dawn. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University. p. 97. ISBN 0-253-32599-4.
  6. "Last Witness to President Abraham Lincoln Assassination I've Got A Secret". Youtube. I've Got a Secret. Archived from the original on 2021-11-17. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  7. Anderson, Brian (2014). Images of America: Ford's Theatre. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-4671-2112-5
  8. "Pronounced Safe - Ford's Theatre Building to Be Again Occupied". The Evening Star. July 31, 1894.
  9. "Back to the Death Trap - Fateful Ford Theater Building Again Occupied by Clerks". The Washington Times. July 31, 1894.
  10. Anderson, Brian (2014). Images of America: Ford's Theatre. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-4671-2112-5
  11. Anderson, Brian (2014). Images of America: Ford's Theatre. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-4671-2112-5
  12. Eva Reffell, Ford's Theatre's Reconstruction: Warehouse, Museum, Pilgrimage Site (1865–1968), "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-06. Retrieved 2009-01-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link).
  13. The Times News, Henderson, NC https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1665&dat=19680122&id=VFRPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ViQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3896,1364150&hl=en
  14. Theodore Mann, Journeys in the Night: Creating a New American Theatre with Circle in the Square (NY: Applause Theatre and Cinema Books, 2007), 234–5
  15. Swanson, James. Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer. Harper Collins, 2006. ISBN 978-0-06-051849-3. pp. 381–2.
  16. Select Traveler Magazine: "Restored Theaters: Stage presence" May 13, 2010. http://selecttraveler.com/articles/restored-theaters-stage-presence
  17. "Ford's Theatre Reopening". United Press International. February 11, 2009.
  18. Marks, Peter (February 12, 2009). "At Historic Ford's Theatre, an Evening of Tributes to Lincoln's Legacy". The Washington Post.
  19. "Ford's Theatre Museum to Unveil New Artifacts". The Washington Post. July 9, 2009.
  20. O'Sullivan, Michael (July 17, 2009). "Ford's Theatre Museum Reopens; New Displays Focus on Lincoln's Life". The Washington Post.
  21. Hartley, Allison (July 22, 2013). "Eccentricities from our Archives: The Man Who Collected Lincoln". www.fords.org. The Ford's Theatre National Historic Site. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
  22. "Petersen House".
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