Geli Raubal

Angela Maria "Geli" Raubal ([ˈɡeːliː ˈʀaʊ̯bal]; 4 July 1908 – 18 September 1931) was an Austrian woman who was the half-niece of Adolf Hitler. Born in Linz, Austria-Hungary, she was the second child and eldest daughter of Leo Raubal Sr. and Hitler's half-sister, Angela Raubal. Raubal lived in close contact with her uncle Adolf from 1925 until her presumed suicide in 1931.

Geli Raubal
Born
Angela Maria Raubal

(1908-07-04)4 July 1908[1]
Linz, Austria-Hungary[2]
Died18 September 1931(1931-09-18) (aged 23)[3]
Munich, Weimar Republic[3]
Cause of deathGunshot wound[2]
Resting placeZentralfriedhof, Vienna, Austria
NationalityAustro-Hungarian, Austrian
Alma materLudwig Maximilian University
Parent(s)Leo Raubal
Angela Hitler
RelativesAdolf Hitler (uncle)
Leo Rudolf Raubal Jr. (brother)

Life

Angela Maria "Geli" Raubal was born in Linz, Austria-Hungary,[2] where she was raised with her brother Leo and sister Elfriede. Her father died at the age of 31 when Geli was two. She and Elfriede accompanied their mother when she became Hitler's housekeeper in 1925; Raubal was 17 at the time and spent the next six years in close contact with her half-uncle,[4] who was 19 years her senior. Her mother was given a position as housekeeper at the Berghof[lower-alpha 1] near Berchtesgaden in 1928.[6] Raubal moved into Hitler's Munich apartment in 1929 when she enrolled in medicine at Ludwig Maximilian University but she did not complete her studies.[2]

As Hitler rose to power as leader of the Nazi Party, he was domineering and possessive of Raubal, keeping control of her.[7] When he discovered in December 1927 that she was having a relationship with his chauffeur, Emil Maurice, he forced her to end the affair and dismissed Maurice from his service.[2][8] After that he did not allow her to associate with friends and attempted to have himself or someone he trusted near her at all times, accompanying her on shopping trips, to the cinema and to the opera.[7]

Death

Raubal was living in Hitler's Munich apartment, and he maintained strict control over her actions. She was in effect a prisoner, and planned to escape to Vienna to continue her singing lessons.[4] Her mother told interrogators after the war that Hitler had forbidden her daughter to continue her relationship with a man from Linz whom she was hoping to marry. Hitler and Raubal argued on 18 September 1931 when he refused to allow her to go to Vienna. He departed for a meeting in Nuremberg but was recalled to Munich the next day with the news that Raubal was dead from a gunshot wound to the lung;[2] she had apparently shot herself in Hitler's Munich apartment with Hitler's Walther pistol.[8] She was 23.

Rumours immediately began in the media about physical abuse, a possible sexual relationship, an infatuation by Raubal for her uncle, and even murder.[2][9][10] The Münchener Post reported that the dead girl had a fractured nose.[11] Otto Strasser, a political opponent of Hitler, was the source of some of the more sensational stories. The historian Ian Kershaw maintains that "whether actively sexual or not, Hitler's behaviour towards Geli has all the traits of a strong, latent at least, sexual dependence."[7] The police ruled out foul play and the death was ruled a suicide.[12] Hitler was devastated and went into an intense depression. He moved to a house on the shores of Tegernsee lake and did not attend the funeral in Vienna on 24 September. He visited her grave at Vienna's Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery) two days later. Thereafter, he overcame his depression and refocused on politics.[9]

Hitler later declared that Raubal was the only woman he had ever loved. Her room at Haus Wachenfeld was kept as she had left it, and he hung portraits of her in his own room there and at the Reich Chancellery in Berlin.[13]

In a 1992 Vanity Fair article, Ron Rosenbaum examines several theories, including speculation that Hitler intentionally or accidentally shot and killed Raubal during an argument, or that she was killed on his orders.[11] According to William Stuart-Houston, Hitler's nephew through his half-brother, Alois, "When I visited Berlin in 1931, the family was in trouble. ... Everyone knew that Hitler and she had long been intimate and that she had been expecting a child – a fact that enraged Hitler."[14]

See also
  • Hitler family

Notes
  1. The Berghof was called "Haus Wachenfeld" until Hitler purchased and expanded the property in 1933.[5]

References
  1. Toland 1976, p. 349.
  2. Görtemaker 2011, p. 43.
  3. Kershaw 2008, p. 218.
  4. Bullock 1999, p. 393.
  5. Kershaw 2000, pp. 282–284, 686.
  6. Kershaw 2008, p. 177.
  7. Kershaw 2008, p. 219.
  8. Kershaw 2008, p. 220.
  9. Kershaw 2008, p. 221.
  10. Gunther 1940, p. 21.
  11. Rosenbaum 1992.
  12. Shirer 1960, p. 132.
  13. Shirer 1960, pp. 132–133.
  14. Robinson 2017.

Bibliography
  • Bullock, Alan (1999) [1952]. Hitler: A Study in Tyranny. New York: Konecky & Konecky. ISBN 978-1-56852-036-0.
  • Görtemaker, Heike B. (2011). Eva Braun: Life with Hitler. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-59582-9.
  • Gunther, John (1940). Inside Europe. New York: Harper & Brothers. OCLC 836676034.
  • Kershaw, Ian (2000). Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-32035-9.
  • Kershaw, Ian (2008). Hitler: A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06757-6.
  • Robinson, Julian (5 May 2017). "'Why I hate my uncle' - Rare insight into Nazi leader's life by Adolf Hitler's nephew". New Zealand Herald.
  • Rosenbaum, Ron (April 1992). "Hitler's Doomed Angel". Vanity Fair.
  • Shirer, William L. (1960). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-62420-0.
  • Toland, John (1976). Adolf Hitler. New York; Toronto: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-345-25899-1.

Further reading
  • Alexander, Alex (2005). In de ban van Hitler: Maria Reiter, Geli Raubal, Unity Mitford, Eva Braun (in Dutch). Rijswijk: Elmar. ISBN 978-90-389-1547-0.
  • Hayman, Ronald (1998) [1997]. Hitler & Geli. New York: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-58234-008-1.
  • Rosenbaum, Ron (1998). Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of his Evil. New York: Random House. ISBN 978-0-679-43151-0.
  • Strasser, Otto (1940). Hitler and I. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-404-16997-8.
  • Vermeeren, Marc (2007). De jeugd van Adolf Hitler 1889–1907 en zijn familie en voorouders (in Dutch). Soesterberg: Aspekt. ISBN 978-90-5911-606-1.
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