Homer's Phobia

"Homer's Phobia" is the fifteenth episode of the eighth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 16, 1997. In the episode, Homer dissociates himself from new family friend John after discovering that he is gay. Homer fears that John will have a negative influence on his son Bart and decides to ensure Bart's heterosexuality by taking him hunting.

"Homer's Phobia"
The Simpsons episode
Homer meets John. John's design was largely based on Waters' own appearance, but he was animated with thicker hair and a "wavy" moustache instead of his trademark pencil moustache.[1][2]
Episode no.Season 8
Episode 15
Directed byMike B. Anderson
Written byRon Hauge
Production code4F11
Original air dateFebruary 16, 1997 (1997-02-16)[3]
Guest appearance
  • John Waters as John
Episode features
Couch gagSomeone tries to download the family from the Internet, but finding it too slow, attempts to cancel it.[4]
Commentary
  • Matt Groening
  • Bill Oakley
  • Josh Weinstein
  • Ron Hauge
  • Steve Tompkins
  • John Waters
  • Mike B. Anderson

It was the first episode written by Ron Hauge and was directed by Mike B. Anderson. George Meyer pitched "Bart the homo" as an initial idea for an episode while show runners Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein were planning an episode involving Lisa "discovering the joys of campy things". Oakley and Weinstein combined the two ideas and they eventually became "Homer's Phobia". Fox censors originally found the episode unsuitable for broadcast because of its controversial subject matter, but this decision was reversed after a turnover in the Fox staff. Filmmaker John Waters guest-starred, providing the voice of the new character, John (Named "Javier" in the Latin American Spanish version).

"Homer's Phobia" was the show's first episode to revolve entirely around gay themes and received a positive critical response both for its humor and anti-homophobia message. It won four awards, including an Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or Less) and a GLAAD Media Award for "Outstanding TV – Individual Episode" in 1998.

Plot

The Simpsons need money to pay for a $900 repair after Bart damages the gas line. Marge tries to sell a family heirloom — an "authentic" American Civil War doll — to Cockamamie's, a campy collectibles shop. Marge is disappointed when John, the shop owner, reveals her precious heirloom is a cheap liquor bottle of little value. The Simpsons take an instant liking to John, who is invited to their house to see campy items that the family owns.

The next morning, Homer tells Marge that he likes John and suggests they invite him and "his wife" over some time. When Marge informs Homer that John is gay, he is horrified. Homer's attitude towards John changes completely and he refuses to join the tour of Springfield that John has arranged. The rest of the family joins John for the tour and enjoy his company. Bart starts wearing Hawaiian shirts and dancing in a woman's wig, which makes Homer worry that Bart might be gay.

Hoping to ensure Bart likes girls, Homer forces him to stare at a cigarette billboard featuring scantily clad women. This backfires when Bart craves slim cigarettes, considered effeminate because they are marketed to women. Homer takes Bart to a steel mill to revel in a manly environment; however, the entire workforce is gay, which Homer learns when the steel mill turns into a gay disco during breaks.

Desperate, Homer tries to snap Bart out of his brainwashing state by taking him deer hunting with Moe and Barney. When they cannot find any deer, they decide to shoot reindeer at Santa's Village instead. The reindeer violently attack the hunters, who are genuinely afraid and drop their macho posturing. With help from Lisa and Marge, John uses a Japanese Santa Claus robot to scare away the reindeer and save the hunting party. Homer is grateful to John for saving their lives and grudgingly accepts him. As John drives everyone home, Homer tells Bart he is fine with however he chooses to live his life. Bart is confused until Lisa explains Homer thinks his Bart is gay. Bart is stunned as their car drives away blaring a gay anthem.

Production
John Waters instantly accepted the invitation to guest-star in the episode.

The original concept for the episode came from a few lines of show ideas written by George Meyer. One of them read "Bart the homo", and Ron Hauge was selected to write the episode, with the story stemming from that line.[5] The idea of using filmmaker John Waters as a guest star had been around for a while. Many of the staff were fans of his work, and showrunners Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein had planned to use him in an episode called "Lisa and Camp", which revolved around Lisa "discovering the joys of campy things".[6] Their idea was combined with Meyer's and it became this episode. The episode was originally titled "Bart Goes to Camp", but was renamed because the joke was too oblique.[5] Mike B. Anderson directed the episode, telling The Gold Coast Bulletin: "When I read the script I was enthralled, not only because of the visual possibilities, but also because the story felt very solid. It was engaging and surprising and I really put heart into that episode."[7]

Waters accepted his invitation to be a guest star instantly, stating that if it was good enough for the actress Elizabeth Taylor, who appeared in the season four episodes "Lisa's First Word" and "Krusty Gets Kancelled", it was good enough for him. He joked, however, about a negative reaction if his character would be made to look like fitness personality Richard Simmons.[1] John's design was based largely on Waters' own appearance; for animation reasons, Waters moustache was changed from straight to curvy, so that it did not look like a mistake.[1][2]

According to Oakley, the Fox censor objected to "Homer's Phobia" being aired. The normal procedure is for an episode's script to be sent to the censor and then faxed back with a list of lines and words that should be substituted. However, this episode came back with two pages of notes about almost every single line in the show. The censors stated that they did not like the use of the word "gay", or the discussion of homosexuality at all, and closed with a paragraph that stated that "the topic and substance of this episode are unacceptable for broadcast". Usually the censor notes are ignored as the offending lines and problems are dealt with after the episode has been animated. In this case, the entire episode was deemed a problem, so it could not be solved in this way.[6] The censor problems ultimately came to nothing as when the episode came back from animation in South Korea, the then-Fox president had just been fired and replaced, with the censors being replaced as well. The new censors sent back merely one line: "acceptable for broadcast".[6]

The steel mill scene was written by Steve Tompkins. He first pitched that Homer and Bart would encounter longshoremen, but it was too much work to animate the lading of ships, so a steel mill was used instead.[8] Tompkins also wrote a different third act for the episode, which was never produced. Instead of Homer, Bart, Barney, and Moe going deer hunting and ending up at "Santa's Village" they would go back to the steel mill. There, Homer would attempt to prove his heterosexuality by having a human tractor pulling contest with some of the steel mill workers. It was dropped as the writers found it didn't add anything to the storyline.[9]

Cultural references

The episode features numerous cultural references. The song "Gonna Make You Sweat (Everybody Dance Now)" by C+C Music Factory is played twice during the episode: first as the steel mill transforms into a disco, and second over the alternate closing credits.[4] Homer's record collection includes music by The New Christy Minstrels and The Wedding of Lynda Bird Johnson, the albums Loony Luau and Ballad of the Green Berets by Staff Sgt. Barry Sadler.[3][4] The song that John picks out and he and Homer dance to is "I Love the Nightlife" by Alicia Bridges, and the song that Bart dances to is "The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)" by Betty Everett.[4] When John is introduced, there is a plastic pink flamingo lying in the background, a reference to John Waters's film Pink Flamingos.[3] Items in John's store include several buttons endorsing political campaigns of Richard Nixon, Dan Quayle, and Bob Dole as well as an issue of TV Guide owned by Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis that features the title characters from the sitcom Laverne & Shirley on the cover.[3] When John takes the Simpson family on a driving tour of Springfield's shopping district, he points out a store where he claims that the Mexican film actress Lupe Vélez bought the toilet she drowned in. This is a reference to the urban legend that Velez was found dead with her head in the toilet the night of her suicide in 1944.[10]

Reception

Ratings and awards
Mike B. Anderson won two awards for directing the episode.

In its original broadcast, "Homer's Phobia" finished tied for 47th place in the weekly ratings for the week of February 10–16, 1997, with a Nielsen rating of 8.7. It was the fourth-highest-rated show on the Fox Network that week.[11] The episode won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming One Hour or Less) in 1997.[12] Mike Anderson won the Annie Award for Best Individual Achievement: Directing in a TV Production,[13] and the WAC Award for Best Director for Primetime Series at the 1998 World Animation Celebration.[7][14] The Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation called it "a shining example of how to bring intelligent, fair and funny representations of our community onto television"[15] and awarded it the GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding TV – Individual Episode.[16] Several of the episode's animation cels were selected for display at the Silver K Gallery in Melbourne, Australia in 2001.[7]

Critical reviews and analysis

"Homer's Phobia" has been cited as a significant part of The Simpsons' exploration of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) themes.[17] The series made several references to homosexuality before the episode aired.[18] In the 1990 episode "Simpson and Delilah," the character Karl (voiced by Harvey Fierstein) kisses Homer, while the recurring character Waylon Smithers is often shown to be in love with his boss, Montgomery Burns, initially suggestively and since then more overtly.[19] However, "Homer's Phobia" was the first episode to revolve entirely around homosexual themes. Two later episodes that explored LGBT issues were "Three Gays of the Condo" and "There's Something About Marrying".[20]

When the episode aired, the production team received "very few" complaints about its content, with most of the response being positive.[9] Alan Frutkin gave the episode a positive write-up in the LGBT-interest magazine The Advocate, calling it "vintage Simpsons."[21] Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood stated in their book, I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, that: "Only The Simpsons could do this so tongue-in-cheek that nobody could get in a tizzy about it. Very good indeed."[4] In the book Leaving Springfield, Matthew Henry praised the episode's critiquing of "the most common misconception about homosexuality: namely that gayness is somehow contagious", as well as its other themes.[16] Catharine Lumby of the University of Sydney cited the episode as an example of good satire as it "managed to explore a lot of [homosexual] issues in quite a deep way [...] without being overtly political", which she claimed, along with the episode's humor, made its anti-homophobia message more successful than that of other gay-themed shows like Queer as Folk.[22] In his review of The Simpsons – The Complete Eighth Season DVD, Todd Gilchrist said that the episode "certainly qualifies as one of the all-time greatest episodes".[23]

In 1998, TV Guide listed it in its list of top twelve Simpsons episodes.[24] It was placed fifth on Entertainment Weekly's top 25 The Simpsons episode list.[25] In 2003, USA Today published a top 10 episodes list chosen by the webmaster of The Simpsons Archive, which had this episode listed in tenth place.[26] IGN ranked John Waters's performance as the ninth-best guest appearance in the show's history,[27] with TV Guide naming him the third-best film-related guest star.[28] In a 2008 article, Entertainment Weekly named Waters as one of the 16 best The Simpsons guest stars.[29] John Patterson of The Guardian wrote that Waters' appearance "felt to me like a summit meeting between the most influential pop-culture figures of the last 25 years".[30] When The Simpsons began streaming on Disney+ in 2019, former Simpsons writer and executive producer Bill Oakley named this one of the best classic Simpsons episodes to watch on the service.[31]

Conversely, in 2002, Off the Telly writers Steve Williams and Ian Jones named "Homer's Phobia" one of the five worst episodes of The Simpsons, stating that it "leaves such a nasty taste in the mouth," as Homer is "quite simply a bastard" throughout the course of the episode. The pair concluded by saying "this is a side of the show we'd not seen before, nor particularly wanted to see."[32] In June 2003, Igor Smykov sued the Russian television channel REN TV on claims that The Simpsons, along with Family Guy, were "morally degenerate and promoted drugs, violence and homosexuality". As evidence, "Homer's Phobia" was shown to the judge to prove that The Simpsons promoted homosexuality and thus should not be aired again on the channel. The case was thrown out after one day.[33]

In July 2021, Cathal Gunning of Screen Rant argued that the episode made a huge contribution to "normalizing LGBTQ+ characters," noting that they were a rarity at the time the episode aired, and it didn't "treat its first openly gay character as a walking joke."[34] Gunning also argued that the episode was "groundbreaking" because Homer's fear of a gay man, voiced by John Waters, was mocked, rather than Waters' character, and heralded the episode for being "one of the first attempts to break down the invisible barrier faced by gay characters" while noting it lampooned the hypermasculinity of Homer's friends.[34]

References
  1. Waters, John (2006). The Simpsons The Complete Eighth Season DVD commentary for the episode "Homer's Phobia" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  2. Anderson, Mike B. (2006). The Simpsons The Complete Eighth Season DVD commentary for the episode "Homer's Phobia" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  3. Groening, Matt (1997). Richmond, Ray; Coffman, Antonia (eds.). The Simpsons: A Complete Guide to Our Favorite Family (1st ed.). New York: HarperPerennial. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-06-095252-5. LCCN 98141857. OCLC 37796735. OL 433519M.
  4. Martyn, Warren; Wood, Adrian (2000). "Homer's Phobia". BBC. Retrieved February 13, 2007.
  5. Hauge, Ron (2006). The Simpsons The Complete Eighth Season DVD commentary for the episode "Homer's Phobia" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  6. Oakley, Bill (2006). The Simpsons The Complete Eighth Season DVD commentary for the episode "Homer's Phobia" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  7. "Origins of Homer phobia". The Gold Coast Bulletin. May 24, 2001. p. T30.
  8. Tompkins, Stephen (2006). The Simpsons The Complete Eighth Season DVD commentary for the episode "Homer's Phobia" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  9. Oakley, Bill; Weinstein, Josh; Tompkins, Steve (2006). The Simpsons The Complete Eighth Season DVD commentary for the episode "Homer's Phobia" (DVD). 20th Century Fox.
  10. Greene, Nick (June 19, 2015). "17 Simpsons Cultural References Explained for Younger Viewers". Mental Floss. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  11. Bauder, David (February 21, 1997). "NBC's sky falls on rest of TV's broadcast networks". The Florida Times-Union. p. D-2.
  12. "Primetime Emmy Awards Advanced Search". Emmys.org. Archived from the original on April 3, 2009. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
  13. "Legacy: 25th Annual Annie Award Nominees and Winners (1997)". AnnieAwards.com. Archived from the original on May 12, 2008. Retrieved January 15, 2008.
  14. Kenyon, Heather. "The World Animation Celebration: Pasadena's Festival". Animation World Magazine. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  15. "Homer's Phobia?". Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. February 21, 1997. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved January 14, 2007.
  16. Henry, Matthew (2003). "Looking for Amanda Hugginkiss". In Alberti, John (ed.). Leaving Springfield: The Simpsons and the Possibility of Oppositional Culture. Wayne State University Press. pp. 239–241. ISBN 0-8143-2849-0.
  17. Gumbel, Andrew (August 7, 2004). "Why America's love affair with The Simpsons is being forced out of the closet". Irish Independent.
  18. Raju Mudhar, "Springfield's coming-out party; Cartoon to reveal gay character And it might not be Smithers", Toronto Star, July 28, 2004, p. A.03.
  19. Stephen Kiehl, "Homersexual debate splits Springfield", The Ottawa Citizen, February 12, 2005, p. L.7.
  20. "Springfield awaits its first outing", Calgary Herald, July 29, 2004, p. E.2.
  21. Frutkin, Alan (February 18, 1997). "Homer's Sexual Panic". The Advocate. No. 727. p. 53.
  22. Michael Lallo (July 25, 2007). "Mmmmmmmm ... clever". The Age. p. Culture 9.
  23. Gilchrist, Todd (August 14, 2006). "The Simpsons – The Complete Eighth Season". IGN. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  24. "A Dozen Doozies". TV Guide. January 3–9, 1998. Retrieved January 13, 2019.
  25. "The Family Dynamic". Entertainment Weekly. January 29, 2003. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2007.
  26. Paakkinen, Jouni (February 6, 2003). "10 fan favorites". USA Today. Retrieved February 13, 2007.
  27. Goldman, Eric; Iverson, Dan; Zoromski, Brian (January 4, 2010). "Top 25 Simpsons Guest Appearances". IGN. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  28. Arnold Wayne Jones (May 18, 2007). "The Simpsons Turns 400: We Name the Greatest Guests!". TV Guide. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  29. Wook Kim (May 11, 2008). "Springfield of Dreams: 16 great 'Simpsons' guest stars". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
  30. John Patterson (April 30, 2005). "The Guide: Preview film: If only... There were a few taboos left for John Waters to shatter. John Patterson mourns the death of offensiveness". The Guardian.
  31. Katz, Mathew (November 11, 2019). "The best classic Simpsons episodes on Disney+". Digital Trends.
  32. Williams, Steve; Jones, Ian. "Five of the Best ... And Five of the Worst". Off the Telly. Retrieved September 25, 2015.
  33. "Court Rules for Simpsons Cartoon". The St. Petersburg Times. April 5, 2005. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
  34. Gunning, Cathal (July 25, 2021). "How John Waters Shaped The Simpsons' Groundbreaking LGBTQ+ Episode". ScreenRant. Archived from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021.
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