Developed country

A developed country (or industrialized country, high-income country, more economically developed country (MEDC), advanced country[4][5]) is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations. Most commonly, the criteria for evaluating the degree of economic development are gross domestic product (GDP), gross national product (GNP), the per capita income, level of industrialization, amount of widespread infrastructure and general standard of living.[6] Which criteria are to be used and which countries can be classified as being developed are subjects of debate. A point of reference of US$20,000 in 2021 USD nominal GDP per capita for the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a good point of departure, it is a similar level of development to the United States in 1960.[7]

[1]

Not to be confused with Developing country.

  Developed countries
  Developing countries
  Least developed countries
  Data unavailable

World map showing country classifications as per the IMF[2] and the UN[3] (last updated 2022). "Developed economies" according to this classification scheme are shown in blue.

Developed countries have generally more advanced post-industrial economies, meaning the service sector provides more wealth than the industrial sector. They are contrasted with developing countries, which are in the process of industrialisation or are pre-industrial and almost entirely agrarian, some of which might fall into the category of Least Developed Countries. As of 2015, advanced economies comprise 60.8% of global GDP based on nominal values and 42.9% of global GDP based on purchasing-power parity (PPP) according to the IMF.[8]

Definition and criteria
Countries or territories by GDP (nominal) per capita in 2022.
  >$60,000
  $50,000 - $60,000
  $40,000 - $50,000
  $30,000 - $40,000
  $20,000 - $30,000
  $10,000 - $20,000
  $5,000 - $10,000
  $2,500 - $5,000
  $1,000 - $2,500
  $500 - $1,000
  <$500
  No data

Economic criteria have tended to dominate discussions. One such criterion is the income per capita; countries with the high gross domestic product (GDP) per capita would thus be described as developed countries. Another economic criterion is industrialisation; countries in which the tertiary and quaternary sectors of industry dominate would thus be described as developed. More recently, another measure, the Human Development Index (HDI), which combines an economic measure, national income, with other measures, indices for life expectancy and education has become prominent. This criterion would define developed countries as those with a very high (HDI) rating. The index, however, does not take into account several factors, such as the net wealth per capita or the relative quality of goods in a country. This situation tends to lower the ranking of some of the most advanced countries, such as the G7 members and others.[9][10]

According to the United Nations Statistics Division:

There is no established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.[11]

And it notes that:

The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.[12]

Nevertheless, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development considers that this categorization can continue to be applied:

The developed economies broadly comprise Northern America and Europe, Israel, Japan and the Republic of Korea, as well as Australia and New Zealand.[13]

Similar terms
See also: Global North and Global South

Terms linked to the concept developed country include "advanced country", "industrialized country", "'more developed country" (MDC), "more economically developed country" (MEDC), "Global North country", "first world country", and "post-industrial country". The term industrialized country may be somewhat ambiguous, as industrialisation is an ongoing process that is hard to define. The first industrialized country was the United Kingdom, followed by Belgium. Later it spread further to Germany, United States, France and other Western European countries. According to some economists such as Jeffrey Sachs, however, the current divide between the developed and developing world is largely a phenomenon of the 20th century.[14]

Mathis Wackernagel calls the binary labeling of countries as "neither descriptive nor explanatory. It is merely a thoughtless and destructive endorsement of GDP fetish. In reality, there are not two types of countries, but over 200 countries, all faced with the same laws of nature, yet each with unique features."[15]

A 2021 analysis proposes the term emerged to describe markets, economies, or countries that have graduated from emerging market status, but have not yet reached the level equivalent to developed countries.[16] Multinational corporations from these emerging markets present unique patterns of overseas expansion and knowledge acquisition from foreign countries.

Economy lists by various criteria

Human Development Index (HDI)
Main articles: Human Development Index and List of countries by Human Development Index
Countries ranked in the "Very High" category of the Human Development Index (based on 2019 data, published in 2020)
  > 0.950
  0.900 – 0.949
  0.850 – 0.899
  0.800 – 0.849
  Not included

The UN HDI is a statistical measure that gauges an economy's level of human development. While there is a strong correlation between having a high HDI score and being a prosperous economy, the UN points out that the HDI accounts for more than income or productivity. Unlike GDP per capita or per capita income, the HDI takes into account how income is turned "into education and health opportunities and therefore into higher levels of human development."

Since 1990, Norway (2001–2006, 2009–2019), Japan (1990–1991 and 1993), Canada (1992 and 1994–2000) and Iceland (2007–2008) have had the highest HDI score.

The following countries ranked from 1 to 66 in the year 2021 are considered to be of "very high human development":[17]

Table of countries by HDI
Rank Nation HDI
2021 data (2022 report)​[17] Change since 2015​[18] 2021 data (2022 report)​[17] Average annual growth (2010–2021)​[18]
1  Switzerland 0.962 0.19%
2  Norway 0.961 0.19%
3  Iceland 0.959 0.56%
4 (3)  Hong Kong 0.952 0.44%
5 (3)  Australia 0.951 0.27%
6  Denmark 0.948 0.34%
7 (2)  Sweden 0.947 0.36%
8 (6)  Ireland 0.945 0.40%
9 (5)  Germany 0.942 0.16%
10 (1)  Netherlands 0.941 0.24%
11  Finland 0.940 0.29%
12 (1)  Singapore 0.939 0.29%
13 (2)  Belgium 0.937 0.25%
(3)  New Zealand 0.15%
15 (2)  Canada 0.936 0.25%
16 (1)  Liechtenstein 0.935 0.22%
17 (3)  Luxembourg 0.930 0.18%
18 (3)  United Kingdom 0.929 0.17%
19  Japan 0.925 0.27%
(3)  South Korea 0.35%
21 (3)  United States 0.921 0.10%
22  Israel 0.919 0.25%
23 (4)  Malta 0.918 0.58%
(1)  Slovenia 0.28%
25 (4)  Austria 0.916 0.14%
26 (9)  United Arab Emirates 0.911 0.80%
27  Spain 0.905 0.38%
28 (3)  France 0.903 0.27%
29 (3)  Cyprus 0.896 0.41%
30 (1)  Italy 0.895 0.13%
31 (2)  Estonia 0.890 0.30%
32 (6)  Czechia 0.889 0.20%
33 (2)  Greece 0.887 0.19%
34 (1)  Poland 0.876 0.37%
35 (3)  Bahrain 0.875 0.73%
(1)  Lithuania 0.35%
(2)  Saudi Arabia 0.64%
38 (2)  Portugal 0.866 0.40%
39 (1)  Latvia 0.863 0.42%
40 (6)  Andorra 0.858 0.11%
(5)  Croatia 0.40%
42 (1)  Chile 0.855 0.46%
(1)  Qatar 0.23%
44NA[Note 1]  San Marino 0.853NA[Note 1]
45 (5)  Slovakia 0.848 0.09%
46 (1)  Hungary 0.846 0.20%
47 (4)  Argentina 0.842 0.09%
48 (6)  Turkey 0.838 1.03%
49 (3)  Montenegro 0.832 0.27%
50 (1)  Kuwait 0.831 0.20%
51 (3)  Brunei 0.829 0.01%
52 (2)  Russia 0.822 0.29%
53 (4)  Romania 0.821 0.16%
54 (3)  Oman 0.816 0.32%
55 (2)  Bahamas 0.812 0.00%
56 (4)  Kazakhstan 0.811 0.51%
57 (2)  Trinidad and Tobago 0.810 0.23%
58 (4)  Costa Rica 0.809 0.43%
 Uruguay 0.25%
60 (3)  Belarus 0.808 0.21%
61  Panama 0.805 0.37%
62 (1)  Malaysia 0.803 0.39%
63 (7)  Georgia 0.802 0.50%
(2)  Mauritius 0.55%
(4)  Serbia 0.41%
66 (6)  Thailand 0.800 0.75%

High-income economies

Some institutions have produced lists of developed countries: the UN (list shown above), the CIA,[19] and some providers of stock market indices (the FTSE Group, MSCI, S&P, Dow Jones, STOXX, etc.). The latter is not included here because its association of developed countries with countries with both high incomes and developed markets is not deemed as directly relevant.[Note 2]

However, many other institutions have created more general lists referred to when discussing developed countries. For example, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identifies 39 "advanced economies".[20][21] The OECD's 37 members are known as the "developed countries club".[22][23][24] The World Bank identifies 81 "high income countries".[25] Other standards, such as the 30-50 Club (GDP per capita over $30,000 and population over 50 million) have been developed to categorize highly developed and influential countries.

World Bank high-income economies
World Bank high-income economies in 2019

According to the World Bank the following 80 countries and territories are classified as "high-income economies". As of the 2022 fiscal year, high-income economies are those that had a GNI per capita of $12,696 or more in 2020.[25]

36 countries and territories in Europe:

20 countries and territories in the Americas:

15 countries and territories in Asia:

eight countries and territories in Oceania:

one country in Africa:

nine former high-income economies:[26]

* Between 1994 and 2009, as a part of the  Netherlands Antilles.

# Dissolved on 10 October 2010, succeeded by Curaçao and Sint Maarten.

High-income OECD members

According to the World Bank, the following 34 members are classified as "OECD High-Income":[27][28]

26 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

Development Assistance Committee members
Member nations of the Development Assistance Committee

There are 29 OECD member countries and the European Union—in the Development Assistance Committee (DAC),[29] a group of the world's major donor countries that discuss issues surrounding development aid and poverty reduction in developing countries.[30] The following OECD member countries are DAC members:

23 countries in Europe:

two countries in the Americas:

two countries in Asia:

two countries in Oceania:

IMF advanced economies
  Countries described as Advanced Economies by the IMF

According to the International Monetary Fund, 40 countries and territories are officially listed as "advanced economies",[2][31] with the addition of 7 microstates and dependencies modified by the CIA which were omitted from the IMF version :[19]

28 countries and dependencies in Europe classified by the IMF, 6 others given by the CIA :

Plusd

seven countries and territories in Asia:

three countries and territories in the Americas classified by the IMF, one territory given by the CIA :

two countries in Oceania:

d The CIA has modified an older version of the IMF's list of 38 Advanced Economies, noting that the IMF's Advanced Economies list "would presumably also cover the following nine smaller countries of Andorra, Bermuda, Faroe Islands, Guernsey, Holy See, Jersey, Liechtenstein, Monaco, and San Marino[...]". San Marino (2012) and Andorra (2021) were later included in the IMF's list.[19]

Paris Club members
Permanent members of the Paris Club

There are 22 permanent members in the Paris Club (French: Club de Paris), a group of officials from major creditor countries whose role is to find coordinated and sustainable solutions to the payment difficulties experienced by debtor countries.

15 countries in Europe:

three countries in the Americas:

three countries in Asia:

one country in Oceania:

Comparative table (2022)

Comparative table of countries with a "very high" human development (0.800 or higher), according to UNDP; "advanced" economies, according to the IMF; "high income" economies, according to the World Bank; and income per capita (purchasing power parity) higher than $22,000, according to the IMF.

Developed Countries
CountriesHDI[32]IMF[33]WB[34] Per capita PPP 2021[35]
2021
 San MarinoYes since 2021Yes since 2012 Yes since 2000 Yes before 2004
2020
 AndorraYes since 2003Yes since 2020Yes since 1990 Yes before 2010
2015
 LithuaniaYes since 2005Yes since 2015 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2011
2014
 LatviaYes since 2005Yes since 2014 Yes since 2012 Yes since 2013
2011
 EstoniaYes since 2003Yes since 2011 Yes since 2006 Yes since 2010
2009
 Czech RepublicYes since 2001Yes since 2009 Yes since 2006 Yes since 2005
 SlovakiaYes since 2006Yes since 2009 Yes since 2007 Yes since 2007
2008
 MaltaYes since 2003Yes since 2008 Yes since 2002 Yes since 2005
2007
 SloveniaYes since 1998Yes since 2007 Yes since 1997 Yes since 2004
2005
 PortugalYes since 2005Yes since 1989[36] Yes since 1994 Yes since 2004
 South KoreaYes since 1999Yes since 1997[37] Yes since 2001 Yes since 2005
2004
 IsraelYes since 1991Yes since 1997[38] Yes since 1987 Yes since 2004
2003
 GreeceYes since 2001Yes since 1989[36] Yes since 1996 Yes since 2003
2001
 CyprusYes since 2001Yes since 2001 Yes since 1988 Yes since 2000
2000
 New ZealandYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 2000
1999
 SingaporeYes since 1999Yes since 1997[37] Yes since 1987 Yes since 1990
 SpainYes since 1995Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1999
1997
 FinlandYes since 1994Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
 IrelandYes since 1996Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
 United KingdomYes since 1992Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1997
1996
 IcelandYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1996
1995
 ItalyYes since 1995Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1993
 SwedenYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1995
1994
 AustraliaYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1994
 BelgiumYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1994
 CanadaYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1994
 FranceYes since 1993Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1994
1992
 AustriaYes since 1992Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992
 GermanyYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992
 JapanYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1992
 LuxembourgYes since 1992Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1985
1991
 DenmarkYes since 1991Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1991
 NetherlandsYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1991
1989
 United StatesYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1989
1987
 NorwayYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1985
 SwitzerlandYes before 1990Yes since 1945 Yes since 1987 Yes since 1984
In process
Countries HDI[32] IMF[33] WB[34] per capita PPP 2021[35]
 Trinidad and TobagoYes since 2021NoYes since 2006Yes since 2005
 RomaniaYes since 2013NoYes since 2021Yes since 2016
 Panama Yes since 2019 No Yes since 2021 Yes since 2014
 CroatiaYes since 2007NoYes since 2017 Yes since 2014
 Uruguay Yes since 2014 No Yes since 2012 Yes since 2016
 BahamasYes since 2016NoYes since 1987 Yes since 1996
 HungaryYes since 2005NoYes since 2014 Yes since 2010
 KuwaitYes since 2014NoYes since 1987 Yes before 1980
 ChileYes since 2007NoYes since 2012 Yes since 2013
 BahrainYes since 2012NoYes since 2001 Yes since 1981
 OmanYes since 2012NoYes since 2007 Yes since 1990
 PolandYes since 2003NoYes since 2009 Yes since 2011
 Saudi ArabiaYes since 2010NoYes since 2004 Yes before 1980
 United Arab EmiratesYes since 2004NoYes since 1987 Yes before 1980
 TaiwanNo data [Note 4]Yes since 1997[37] Yes since 1987 Yes since 2002
 BruneiYes since 1999NoYes since 1990 Yes before 1985
 QatarYes since 1996NoYes since 1987 Yes before 1980
Other recognitions
Countries HDI[32] IMF[33] WB[34] per capita PPP 2021[35]
 Costa RicaYes since 2019NoNoYes since 2021
 Mauritius Yes since 2019 No No Yes since 2021
 ArgentinaYes since 2006NoNoYes since 2021
 MontenegroYes since 2013NoNoYes since 2021
 BulgariaYes since 2015NoNoYes since 2018
 MalaysiaYes since 2016NoNoYes since 2012
 TurkeyYes since 2015NoNoYes since 2013
 KazakhstanYes since 2015NoNoYes since 2013
 Saint Kitts and NevisNoNoYes since 2012Yes since 2014
 SeychellesNoNoYes since 2014Yes since 2013
 RussiaYes since 2013NoNoYes since 2011
 BarbadosYes since 2011NoYes since 2006No
 LiechtensteinYes since 2000NoYes since 1994No data
 Thailand Yes since 2021 No No No
 Guyana No No No Yes since 2021
 Maldives No No No Yes since 2021
 GeorgiaYes since 2019NoNoNo
 SerbiaYes since 2019NoNoNo
 NauruNoNoYes since 2019No
 PalauYes since 2013NoNoNo
 Antigua and BarbudaNoNoYes since 2012No
 BelarusYes since 2012NoNoNo
 MonacoNo dataNoYes since 1994No data

Rankings

The list below features some outstanding countries selected from the comparative table above with average data of quality (best place in rankings) and quantity (considered in how many of the 36 rankings) with an average between quality and quantity greater than 60%.

Outstanding countries
Rank Country Index QUALITY QUANTITY Democracy Corruption[44] Quality of living[45] Quality of digital living[46] Cost of living[47] HDI[48] per capita PPP[49] Institutional quality [50] Peace[51] Prosperity[52] Economic Freedom Heritage[53] Human Freedom Fraser[54] Politic/Social Freedom House[55] Competitiveness Doing Business[56] Gay friendly[57] Energy transition [58] Environmental Performance[59] Green Future[60] Happiness[61] Social Progress[62] Global Talent[63] PISA science PISA read PISA maths Mobile internet speed[64] Fixed internet speed Resilience [65] Fragile state[66] E-gov[67] English skills[68] Cities in motion[69] Press freedom[70] Rule of law[71] Good Government[72] Labor rights[73]
2022 2022 2019 2022 2022 2021 2022 2022 2022 2021 2022 2021 2022 2019 2019 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2020 2020 2020 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022
1-(SUMRanks /(#Ranks

*100))

 COUNT.IF (Ranks;

<100)

/#Ranks

 full > score 70 top 100 > score 0.6 low top 100 > very high >22000 > score 0,7 1.8 2nd green on map > mostly free > score 8 > score 90 > score 60 > score 60 > score 7 score 70 > score 60 green > score 6.4 < score 0,7 > score 60 > score 400 > score 400 > score 400 > 30mb > 90mb > score 90 > green > score 0,8 > high > relative high < score 70 > score 70 > score 0.6 < rating 2
1 Denmark 0,96 0,93 1,00 6 1 8 2 64 6 13 3 4 1 10 3 6 10 4 5 3 1 2 2 2 3 25 19 13 5 8 1 5 1 3 6 2 1 4 9
Sweden 0,95 0,89 1,00 4 4 23 5 50 7 18 7 26 3 11 9 3 8 10 5 1 5 9 7 6 5 20 11 17 16 28 7 10 6 8 14 3 4 7 9
Netherlands 0,93 0,87 1,00 11 8 11 6 60 10 15 5 21 6 8 11 7 4 42 14 11 11 3 5 7 6 16 27 9 6 22 15 11 9 1 8 28 5 5 36
Finland 0,92 0,87 0,97 3 1 31 7 59 11 23 4 14 4 9 6 2 11 20 100 6 3 6 1 3 8 7 6 16 17 33 12 1 2 9 22 5 3 1 9
Norway 0,92 0,86 0,97 1 4 25 17 71 2 8 6 17 2 14 13 1 17 9 18 2 100 5 8 1 7 28 20 19 1 26 8 2 17 5 12 1 2 6 9
Switzerland 0,91 0,85 0,97 9 7 2 13 74 1 5 2 11 5 2 1 13 5 36 14 4 9 14 4 4 1 24 28 11 13 15 2 6 23 25 11 14 100 2 36
2 Germany 0,88 0,81 0,94 15 10 3 3 55 9 19 15 16 9 16 15 21 7 22 10 100 13 8 14 8 14 16 21 20 29 100 5 13 22 11 7 16 6 8 9
Austria 0,86 0,78 0,94 20 13 1 22 51 25 17 13 5 11 22 21 26 21 27 5 5 8 100 11 11 17 28 28 22 26 100 9 14 20 2 18 31 11 12 9
New Zealand 0,83 0,77 0,89 2 1 3 100 65 13 32 1 2 8 4 2 4 19 1 14 8 100 100 10 15 18 13 11 28 22 9 19 4 4 100 23 11 7 9 36
Ireland 0,82 0,75 0,89 7 13 33 24 67 8 3 9 3 12 3 5 9 24 24 18 100 10 12 13 13 13 23 8 20 100 100 18 9 30 100 33 6 10 11 9
Canada 0,82 0,75 0,89 12 13 3 26 63 15 25 10 12 15 15 6 5 14 23 1 100 100 15 15 10 15 9 6 12 25 18 21 8 32 100 30 19 12 13 100
United Kingdom 0,81 0,74 0,89 18 11 41 9 61 18 27 14 34 13 24 14 25 9 8 5 7 2 4 17 19 10 15 15 17 41 100 13 100 11 100 1 24 15 10 100
3 France 0,76 0,67 0,86 100 22 39 4 47 28 26 27 100 22 100 34 100 15 32 100 9 12 7 20 20 19 25 23 26 31 23 16 18 19 31 3 26 21 16 36
Australia 0,76 0,69 0,83 9 18 11 100 66 5 22 11 27 16 12 8 14 16 14 10 100 17 100 12 12 9 16 17 30 12 100 20 12 7 100 17 39 13 17 100
Belgium 0,74 0,65 0,83 100 18 28 21 48 13 21 19 22 23 100 23 11 22 46 18 100 100 11 19 16 16 20 23 15 19 100 10 20 39 6 41 23 14 21 100
Estonia 0,74 0,65 0,83 100 13 86 14 36 31 40 16 33 17 7 4 18 31 18 100 100 14 100 100 18 20 5 5 8 32 100 28 25 8 22 55 4 9 14 36
Luxembourg 0,73 0,66 0,81 14 9 18 18 58 17 1 8 100 7 5 10 10 18 72 100 100 6 100 6 14 11 34 38 34 11 32 3 7 26 13 100 21 8 100 100
Singapore 0,73 0,68 0,78 100 4 25 15 73 12 2 29 9 14 1 100 100 1 2 100 100 100 100 27 28 2 2 2 2 18 1 4 15 12 4 9 100 17 3 36
Iceland 0,70 0,65 0,75 5 13 100 100 100 3 16 12 1 10 13 12 17 26 26 10 10 100 1 3 5 12 35 36 26 100 100 100 3 5 100 5 15 100 19 9
Japan 0,70 0,63 0,78 17 18 49 8 52 19 37 20 10 19 100 15 12 6 29 100 100 100 19 100 9 100 6 15 6 46 10 24 19 14 100 4 100 16 15 36
Portugal 0,70 0,59 0,81 100 100 37 20 38 38 47 23 6 28 31 18 16 34 39 2 100 100 18 100 24 100 27 25 29 44 27 27 16 38 7 52 7 100 25 36
4 Czech Republic 0,69 0,57 0,81 100 100 69 25 27 32 36 26 8 27 21 23 38 32 41 100 100 100 100 18 23 21 22 26 22 48 100 23 29 45 27 39 20 20 22 36
South Korea 0,67 0,58 0,75 16 100 77 10 46 19 30 30 42 29 19 100 100 13 5 100 100 100 10 100 17 100 8 9 7 4 20 30 21 3 37 19 43 19 19 100
Spain 0,65 0,55 0,75 100 100 43 16 39 27 41 25 29 24 100 25 41 23 30 2 100 100 13 29 21 100 30 100 35 100 11 17 100 18 33 25 32 23 26 36
Uruguay 0,63 0,48 0,78 13 18 78 100 45 58 65 31 46 37 34 33 8 54 100 5 13 100 100 30 38 100 53 49 59 55 30 100 23 35 53 100 44 25 100 36
United States 0,60 0,54 0,67 100 100 34 12 70 21 9 17 100 20 25 15 100 2 6 100 100 100 100 16 25 4 19 13 38 24 6 100 100 10 100 2 42 26 18 100

See also

Notes
  1. HDI not available before 2018 in latest report
  2. The Developed Countries Glossary Archived 20 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine entry reads: "The following countries are classified by FTSE as developed countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium/Luxembourg, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong (China), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States."
  3. Geographically a part of Asia, geopolitically a part of Europe.
  4. The HDI annual report compiled by the UNDP does not include Taiwan because it is no longer an UN member state, it is neither included as part of the People's Republic of China by the UNDP when calculating data for China.[39] Taiwan's Statistical Bureau calculated its HDI to be 0.926 based on UNDP's 2010 methodology,[40][41] which would place Taiwan well within the group of "Very high human development" at 19th globally in 2021 within the 2022 UNDP report.[42][43]

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