Haruki Murakami

Haruki Murakami (村上 春樹, Murakami Haruki, born January 12, 1949[1]) is a Japanese writer. His novels, essays, and short stories have been bestsellers in Japan and internationally, with his work translated into 50 languages[2] and having sold millions of copies outside Japan.[3][4] He has received numerous awards for his work, including the Gunzou Prize for New Writers, the World Fantasy Award, the Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award, the Franz Kafka Prize, and the Jerusalem Prize.[5][6][7]

Haruki Murakami
村上 春樹
Born (1949-01-12) January 12, 1949
Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan
Occupation
  • Novelist
  • short-story writer
  • essayist
  • translator
LanguageJapanese
Alma materWaseda University
Genre
Notable works
  • Norwegian Wood (1987)
  • The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1994–95)
  • Kafka on the Shore (2002)
  • 1Q84 (2010)
  • Men Without Women (2014)
Signature
Website
www.harukimurakami.com

Growing up in Kobe before moving to Tokyo to attend Waseda University, he published his first novel Hear the Wind Sing (1979) after working as the owner of a small jazz bar for seven years.[8] His notable works include the novels Norwegian Wood (1987), The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1994–95), Kafka on the Shore (2002), and 1Q84 (2009–10), with 1Q84 ranked as the best work of Japan's Heisei era (1989–2019) by the national newspaper Asahi Shimbun's survey of literary experts.[9] His work spans genres including science fiction, fantasy, and crime fiction, and has become known for its use of magical realist elements.[10][11] His official website lists Raymond Chandler, Kurt Vonnegut, and Richard Brautigan as key inspirations to his work, while Murakami himself has cited Kazuo Ishiguro, Cormac McCarthy, and Dag Solstad as his favourite currently active writers.[8][12] Murakami has also published five short story collections, including his most recently published work, First Person Singular (2020), and non-fiction works including Underground (1997), inspired by personal interviews Murakami conducted with victims of the Tokyo subway sarin attack, and What I Talk About When I Talk About Running (2007), a series of personal essays about his experience as a marathon runner.[13]

His fiction has polarized literary critics and the reading public. He has sometimes been criticised by Japan's literary establishment as un-Japanese, leading to Murakami's recalling that he was a "black sheep in the Japanese literary world".[14][15][16] Meanwhile, Murakami has been described by Gary Fisketjon, the editor of Murakami's collection The Elephant Vanishes (1993), as a "truly extraordinary writer", while Steven Poole of The Guardian praised Murakami as "among the world's greatest living novelists" for his oeuvre.[17][18]

Biography

Murakami was born in Kyoto, Japan, during the post-World War II baby boom and raised in Nishinomiya, Ashiya and Kobe.[19][20] He is an only child. His father was the son of a Buddhist priest,[21] and his mother is the daughter of an Osaka merchant.[22] Both taught Japanese literature.[23] His father was involved in the Second Sino-Japanese War, and was deeply traumatized by it, which would, in turn, affect Murakami.[24]

Since childhood, Murakami, like Kōbō Abe, has been heavily influenced by Western culture, particularly Western as well as Russian music and literature. He grew up reading a wide range of works by European and American writers, such as Franz Kafka, Gustave Flaubert, Charles Dickens, Kurt Vonnegut, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Richard Brautigan and Jack Kerouac.[25] These Western influences distinguish Murakami from the majority of other Japanese writers.[26]

Murakami studied drama at Waseda University in Tokyo, where he met Yoko, now his wife. His first job was at a record store. Shortly before finishing his studies, Murakami opened a coffee house and jazz bar, Peter Cat, in Kokubunji, Tokyo, which he ran with his wife,[27] from 1974 to 1981.[28] The couple decided not to have children.[20][29]

Murakami is an experienced marathon runner and triathlon enthusiast, though he did not start running until he was 33 years old, after he began as a way to stay healthy despite the hours spent at his desk writing. On June 23, 1996, he completed his first ultramarathon, a 100 km race around Lake Saroma in Hokkaido, Japan.[30] He discusses his relationship with running in his 2008 memoir What I Talk About When I Talk About Running.[31]

Writing career

Trilogy of the Rat

Murakami began to write fiction when he was 29.[32] "Before that," he said, "I didn't write anything. I was just one of those ordinary people. I was running a jazz club, and I didn't create anything at all."[33] He was inspired to write his first novel, Hear the Wind Sing (1979), while watching a baseball game.[34] He described the moment he realized he could write as a "warm sensation" he could still feel in his heart.[35] He went home and began writing that night. Murakami worked on Hear the Wind Sing for ten months in very brief stretches, during nights, after working days at the bar.[36] He completed the novel and sent it to the only literary contest that would accept a work of that length, winning first prize.

Murakami's initial success with Hear the Wind Sing encouraged him to continue writing. A year later, he published a sequel, Pinball, 1973. In 1981, he co-wrote a short story collection called Yume de Aimashou with author and future Earthbound/Mother creator Shigesato Itoi. In 1982, he published A Wild Sheep Chase, a critical success. Hear the Wind Sing, Pinball, 1973, and A Wild Sheep Chase form the Trilogy of the Rat (a sequel, Dance, Dance, Dance, was written later but is not considered part of the series), centered on the same unnamed narrator and his friend, "the Rat". The first two novels were not widely available in English translation outside Japan until 2015, although an English edition, translated by Alfred Birnbaum with extensive notes, had been published by Kodansha as part of a series intended for Japanese students of English. Murakami considers his first two novels to be "immature" and "flimsy",[36] and has not been eager to have them translated into English. A Wild Sheep Chase, he says, was "the first book where I could feel a kind of sensation, the joy of telling a story. When you read a good story, you just keep reading. When I write a good story, I just keep writing."[37]

Wider recognition

In 1985, Murakami wrote Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World, a dream-like fantasy that took the magical elements of his work to a new extreme. Murakami achieved a major breakthrough and national recognition in 1987 with the publication of Norwegian Wood, a nostalgic story of loss and sexuality. It sold millions of copies among young Japanese.[38]

Norwegian Wood propelled the barely known Murakami into the spotlight. He was mobbed at airports and other public places, leading to his departure from Japan in 1986.[39] Murakami traveled through Europe, lived in the United States and currently resides in Oiso, Kanagawa, with an office in Tokyo.[40]

Murakami was a writing fellow at Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey, Tufts University in Medford, Massachusetts, and Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[20][41] During this time he wrote South of the Border, West of the Sun and The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle.[20]

From "detachment" to "commitment"

The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1995) fuses the realistic and fantastic and contains elements of physical violence. It is also more socially conscious than his previous work, dealing in part with the difficult topic of war crimes in Manchukuo (Northeast China). The novel won the Yomiuri Prize, awarded by one of Murakami's harshest former critics, Kenzaburō Ōe, who himself won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1994.[42]

The processing of collective trauma soon became an important theme in Murakami's writing, which had previously been more personal in nature. Murakami returned to Japan in the aftermath of the Kobe earthquake and the Aum Shinrikyo gas attack.[25] He came to terms with these events with his first work of non-fiction, Underground, and the short story collection After the Quake. Underground consists largely of interviews of victims of the gas attacks in the Tokyo subway system.

Murakami himself mentions that he changed his position from one of "detachment" to one of "commitment" after staying in the United States in 1991. "His early books, he said, originated in an individual darkness, while his later works tap into the darkness found in society and history," wrote Wendy Edelstein in an article for UC Berkeley News.[43]

English translations of many of his short stories written between 1983 and 1990 have been collected in The Elephant Vanishes. Murakami has also translated many works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Raymond Carver, Truman Capote, John Irving, and Paul Theroux, among others, into Japanese.[20]

Murakami took an active role in translation of his work into English, encouraging "adaptations" of his texts to American reality rather than direct translation. Some of his works that appeared in German turned out to be translations from English rather than Japanese (South of the Border, West of the Sun, 2000; The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, 2000s), encouraged by Murakami himself. Both were later re-translated from Japanese.[44]

Since 1999

Sputnik Sweetheart was first published in 1999, followed by Kafka on the Shore in 2002, with the English translation following in 2005. Kafka on the Shore won the World Fantasy Award for Novels in 2006.[45] The English version of his novel After Dark was released in May 2007. It was chosen by The New York Times as a "notable book of the year".[46] In late 2005, Murakami published a collection of short stories titled Tōkyō Kitanshū, or 東京奇譚集, which translates loosely as "Mysteries of Tokyo". A collection of the English versions of twenty-four short stories, titled Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman, was published in August 2006. This collection includes both older works from the 1980s as well as some of Murakami's more recent short stories, including all five that appear in Tōkyō Kitanshū.

In 2002, Murakami published the anthology Birthday Stories, which collects short stories on the theme of birthdays. The collection includes work by Russell Banks, Ethan Canin, Raymond Carver, David Foster Wallace, Denis Johnson, Claire Keegan, Andrea Lee, Daniel Lyons, Lynda Sexson, Paul Theroux, and William Trevor, as well as a story by Murakami himself. What I Talk About When I Talk About Running, containing tales about his experience as a marathon runner and a triathlete, was published in Japan in 2007,[47] with English translations released in the U.K. and the U.S. in 2008. The title is a play on that of Raymond Carver's short story collection, What We Talk About When We Talk About Love.[48]

Shinchosha Publishing published Murakami's novel 1Q84 in Japan on May 29, 2009. 1Q84 is pronounced "ichi kyū hachi yon", the same as 1984, as 9 is also pronounced "kyū" in Japanese.[49] The book was longlisted for the Man Asian Literary Prize in 2011. However, after the 2012 anti-Japanese demonstrations in China, Murakami's books were removed from sale there, along with those of other Japanese authors.[50][51] Murakami criticized the China–Japan political territorial dispute, characterizing the overwrought nationalistic response as "cheap liquor" which politicians were giving to the public.[52] In April 2013, he published his novel Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage. It became an international bestseller but received mixed reviews.[53][54]

Killing Commendatore (Kishidancho Goroshi) is Murakami's most recent work as of 2018. Published in Japan on February 24, 2017 and in the US in October 2018, the novel is a historical fiction that has caused controversy in Hong Kong. The novel was labeled under "Class II – indecent" in Hong Kong.[55] This classification led to mass amounts of censorship. The publisher must not distribute the book to people under the age of 18, and must have a warning label printed on the cover.

Writing style

Most of Haruki Murakami's works use first-person narrative in the tradition of the Japanese I-novel. He states that because family plays a significant role in traditional Japanese literature, any main character who is independent becomes a man who values freedom and solitude over intimacy.[36] Also notable is Murakami's unique humor, as seen in his 2000 short story collection, After the Quake. In the story "Superfrog Saves Tokyo", the protagonist is confronted with a 6-foot tall frog that talks about the destruction of Tokyo over a cup of tea. In spite of the story's sober tone, Murakami feels the reader should be entertained once the seriousness of a subject has been broached. Another notable feature of Murakami's stories are the comments that come from the main characters as to how strange the story presents itself. Murakami explains that his characters experience what he experiences as he writes, which could be compared to a movie set where the walls and props are all fake.[36] He has further compared the process of writing to movies: "That is one of the joys of writing fiction—I'm making my own film made just for myself."[56]

Many of his novels have themes and titles that evoke classical music, such as the three books making up The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle: The Thieving Magpie (after Rossini's opera), Bird as Prophet (after a piano piece by Robert Schumann usually known in English as The Prophet Bird), and The Bird-Catcher (a character in Mozart's opera The Magic Flute). Some of his novels take their titles from songs: Dance, Dance, Dance (after The Dells' 1957 B-side song,[57][58] although it is often thought it was titled after the Beach Boys' 1964 tune), Norwegian Wood (after The Beatles' song) and South of the Border, West of the Sun (after the song "South of the Border").[59]

Some analyses see aspects of shamanism in his writing. In a 2000 article, Susan Fisher connected Shinto or Japanese shamanism with some elements of The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle,[60] such as a descent into a dry well. At an October 2013 symposium held at the University of Hawaii,[61] associate professor of Japanese Nobuko Ochner opined "there were many descriptions of traveling in a parallel world as well as characters who have some connection to shamanism"[62] in Murakami's works.

Recognition

Prizes for books
  • 1979: Gunzo Award (best first novel) for Hear the Wind Sing
  • 1982: Noma Literary Prize (best newcomer) for A Wild Sheep Chase
  • 1985: Tanizaki Prize for Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World
  • 1995: Yomiuri Prize (best novel) for The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle
  • 1999: Kuwabara Takeo Prize for Underground[25]
  • 2006: World Fantasy Award (best novel) for Kafka on the Shore
  • 2006: Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award for Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman
  • 2016: Hans Christian Andersen Literature Award
  • 2018: America Award in Literature for a lifetime contribution to international writing
  • 2022: Prix mondial Cinco Del Duca for a lifetime of work constituting, in a literary form, a message of modern humanism

Murakami was also awarded the 2007 Kiriyama Prize for Fiction for his collection of short stories Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman, but according to the prize's official website, Murakami "declined to accept the award for reasons of personal principle".[63]

Personal prizes
Haruki Murakami in 2018

In 2006, Murakami became the sixth recipient of the Franz Kafka Prize.[64]

In September 2007, he received an honorary doctorate of Letters from the University of Liège,[65] one from Princeton University in June 2008,[66] and one from Tufts University[67] in May 2014.

In January 2009, Murakami received the Jerusalem Prize, a biennial literary award given to writers whose work deals with themes of human freedom, society, politics, and government. There were protests in Japan and elsewhere against his attending the February award ceremony in Israel, including threats to boycott his work as a response against Israel's recent bombing of the Gaza. Murakami chose to attend the ceremony, but gave a speech to the gathered Israeli dignitaries harshly criticizing Israeli policies.[68] Murakami said, "Each of us possesses a tangible living soul. The system has no such thing. We must not allow the system to exploit us."[69]

In 2011, Murakami donated his €80,000 winnings from the International Catalunya Prize (from the Generalitat de Catalunya) to the victims of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, and to those affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Accepting the award, he said in his speech that the situation at the Fukushima plant was "the second major nuclear disaster that the Japanese people have experienced ... however, this time it was not a bomb being dropped upon us, but a mistake committed by our very own hands". According to Murakami, the Japanese people should have rejected nuclear power after having "learned through the sacrifice of the hibakusha just how badly radiation leaves scars on the world and human wellbeing".[70]

In recent years, Haruki Murakami has often been mentioned as a possible recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature.[15] Nonetheless, since all nomination records are sealed for 50 years from the awarding of the prize, it is pure speculation.[71] When asked about the possibility of being awarded the Nobel Prize, Murakami responded with a laugh saying "No, I don't want prizes. That means you're finished."[15]

In October 2014, he was awarded the Welt-Literaturpreis.[72]

In April 2015, Murakami was named one of the TIME 100's most influential people. In November 2016, he was awarded the Danish Hans Christian Andersen Literature Award, an award previously won by British author JK Rowling.[73][74][75]

In 2018 he was nominated for the New Academy Prize in Literature.[76] He requested that his nomination be withdrawn, saying he wanted to "concentrate on writing, away from media attention."[77]

Archives

In 2018 Waseda University in Tokyo agreed to house the archives of Haruki Murakami, including his manuscripts, source documents, and music collection. The collection is intended to be open to scholars,[78] and is set to open in October 2021.[79]

In September 2021, architect Kengo Kuma announced the opening of a library dedicated entirely to Murakami's works at Waseda University. It will include more than 3,000 works by Murakami, including translations into more than 50 other languages.[80]

Films and other adaptations

Murakami's first novel, Hear the Wind Sing (Kaze no uta o kike), was adapted by Japanese director Kazuki Ōmori. The film was released in 1981 and distributed by Art Theatre Guild.[81] Naoto Yamakawa directed two short films, Attack on the Bakery (released in 1982) and A Girl, She is 100 Percent (released in 1983), based on Murakami's short stories "Bakery Attack" and "On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning", respectively.[82] Japanese director Jun Ichikawa adapted Murakami's short story "Tony Takitani" into a 75-minute feature.[83] The film played at various film festivals and was released in New York and Los Angeles on July 29, 2005. The original short story, translated into English by Jay Rubin, is available in the April 15, 2002 issue of The New Yorker, as a stand-alone book published by Cloverfield Press, and part of Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman by Knopf. In 1998, the German film The Polar Bear (German: Der Eisbär), written and directed by Granz Henman, used elements of Murakami's short story "The Second Bakery Attack" in three intersecting story lines. "The Second Bakery Attack" was also adapted as a short film in 2010,[84] directed by Carlos Cuarón, starring Kirsten Dunst.

Murakami's work was also adapted for the stage in a 2003 play entitled The Elephant Vanishes, co-produced by Britain's Complicite company and Japan's Setagaya Public Theatre. The production, directed by Simon McBurney, adapted three of Murakami's short stories and received acclaim for its unique blending of multimedia (video, music, and innovative sound design) with actor-driven physical theater (mime, dance, and even acrobatic wire work).[85] On tour, the play was performed in Japanese, with supertitle translations for European and American audiences.

Two stories from Murakami's book After The Quake – "Honey Pie" and "Superfrog Saves Tokyo" – have been adapted for the stage and directed by Frank Galati. Entitled after the quake, the play was first performed at the Steppenwolf Theatre Company in association with La Jolla Playhouse, and opened on October 12, 2007, at Berkeley Repertory Theatre.[86] In 2008, Galati also adapted and directed a theatrical version of Kafka on the Shore, which first ran at Chicago's Steppenwolf Theatre Company from September to November.[87]

On Max Richter's 2006 album Songs from Before, Robert Wyatt reads passages from Murakami's novels. In 2007, Robert Logevall adapted "All God's Children Can Dance" into a film, with a soundtrack composed by American jam band Sound Tribe Sector 9. In 2008, Tom Flint adapted "On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning" into a short film. The film was screened at the 2008 CON-CAN Movie Festival. The film was viewed, voted, and commented upon as part of the audience award for the movie festival.[88]

It was announced in July 2008 that French-Vietnamese director Tran Anh Hung would direct an adaptation of Murakami's novel Norwegian Wood.[89] The film was released in Japan on December 11, 2010.[90]

In 2010, Stephen Earnhart adapted The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle into a two-hour multimedia stage presentation. The show opened January 12, 2010, as part of the Public Theater's "Under the Radar" festival at the Ohio Theater in New York City,[91] presented in association with The Asia Society and the Baryshnikov Arts Center. The show had its world premiere at the Edinburgh International Festival on August 21, 2011.[92] The presentation incorporates live actors, video projection, traditional Japanese puppetry, and immersive soundscapes to render the surreal landscape of the original work.

"Memoranda", a 2017 video game had been inspired by several Murakami short stories, mainly from Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman and The Elephant Vanishes, and features several Murakami characters, including Mizuki Ando.[93]

In 2018, "Barn Burning" from Murakami's short story collection The Elephant Vanishes was adapted into a film titled Burning by director Lee Chang-dong.[94] The film was awarded the FIPRESCI International Critics’ Prize for best film, receiving the highest score to date.[95] It was also South Korea’s submission for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film in 2019.

A film based on the short story "Drive My Car" premiered at the 2021 Cannes Film Festival, where it won Best Screenplay, the FIPRESCI Prize, and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury.[96] The film went on to win the Academy Award for Best International Feature and received three other nominations: Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay.[97] Directed by Ryusuke Hamaguchi, it also takes inspiration from Chekhov's play Uncle Vanya as well as "Scheherazade" and "Kino," two other stories in the collection Men Without Women.[98]

Personal life

After receiving the Gunzo Award for his 1979 literary work Hear the Wind Sing, Murakami did not aspire to meet other writers. Aside from Sarah Lawrence's Mary Morris, whom he briefly mentions in his memoir What I Talk About When I Talk About Running alongside Joyce Carol Oates and Toni Morrison, Murakami was never a part of a community of writers, his reason being that he was a loner and was never fond of groups, schools, and literary circles.[36] When working on a book, Murakami states that he relies on his wife, who is always his first reader.[36] While he never acquainted himself with many writers, among the contemporary writers, he enjoys the work of Kazuo Ishiguro, Cormac McCarthy, Lee Child and Dag Solstad.[99] While he does not read much contemporary Japanese literature,[99] Murakami enjoys the works of Ryū Murakami and Banana Yoshimoto.[36]

Murakami enjoys baseball and describes himself as a fan of the Tokyo Yakult Swallows. In his 2015 essay for Literary Hub 'The Moment I Became a Novelist', Murakami describes how attending a Swallow's game in Jingu Stadium in 1978 led to a personal epiphany in which he decided to write his first novel.[100]

Haruki Murakami is a fan of crime novels. During his high school days while living in Kōbe, he would buy paperbacks from second hand book stores and learned to read English. The first book that he read in English was The Name is Archer, written by Ross Macdonald in 1955. Other writers he was interested in included Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Dostoyevsky.[36]

Murakami also has a passion for listening to music, especially classical and jazz. When he was around 15, he began to develop an interest in jazz after attending an Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers concert in Kobe.[101] He later opened the Peter Cat, a coffeehouse and jazz bar. Murakami has said that music, like writing, is a mental journey.[36] At one time he aspired to be a musician, but because he could not play instruments well he decided to become a writer instead.[36]

In an interview with The Guardian, Murakami stated his belief that his surreal books appeal to people especially in times of turmoil and political chaos.[102] He stated that "I was so popular in the 1990s in Russia, at the time they were changing from the Soviet Union – there was big confusion, and people in confusion like my books" and “In Germany, when the Berlin Wall fell down, there was confusion – and people liked my books.”[102]

Political views

Murakami told the New York Times in 2011, "I think of myself as a political person, but I don’t state my political messages to anybody."[103] Comparing himself to George Orwell, he views himself as standing "against the system."[104] In 2009, whilst accepting an award in Israel, he expressed his political views as:

If there is a hard, high wall and an egg that breaks against it, no matter how right the wall or how wrong the egg, I will stand on the side of the egg. Why? Because each of us is an egg, a unique soul enclosed in a fragile egg. Each of us is confronting a high wall. The high wall is the system which forces us to do the things we would not ordinarily see fit to do as individuals.[105]

Murakami stated that it is natural for China and Koreas to continue to feel resentment towards Japan for its wartime aggressions. "Fundamentally, Japanese people tend not to have an idea that they were also assailants, and the tendency is getting clearer," he said.[106][107] In another interview, Murakami stated: "The issue of historical understanding carries great significance, and I believe it is important that Japan makes straightforward apologies. I think that is all Japan can do – apologise until the countries say: 'We don't necessarily get over it completely, but you have apologised enough. Alright, let's leave it now.'"[108]

In January 2015, Murakami expressed support for same-sex marriage, which is not recognised in Japan, when responding to a reader's question about his stance on the issue.[109]

In August 2021, during one of his radio shows, Murakami criticized prime minister Yoshihide Suga over the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Murakami quoted Suga as saying "an exit is now in our sight after a long tunnel" and added, in criticism, that "If he really saw an exit, his eyes must be extremely good for his age. I’m of the same age as Mr. Suga, but I don’t see any exit at all."[110][111]

In 2022 during Russian invasion of Ukraine, which is part of Russian-Ukrainian war, Murakami supported Ukraine. He prepared a special radio program calling for peace. Murakami featured there around ten musical pieces that encourage to end the war and "focus on the preciousness of life".[112][113]

Bibliography

This is an incomplete bibliography as not all works published by Murakami in Japanese have been translated into English.[114] Kanji titles are given with Hepburn romanization. (Original titles entirely in transcribed English are given as "katakana / romaji = English".)

Novels
Original publication English publication
Title Year Title Year
風の歌を聴け
Kaze no uta o kike		 1979 Hear the Wind Sing 1987/2015
1973年のピンボール
1973-nen no pinbōru		 1980 Pinball, 1973 1985/2015
羊をめぐる冒険
Hitsuji o meguru bōken		 1982 A Wild Sheep Chase 1989
世界の終りとハードボイルド・ワンダーランド
Sekai no owari to Hādo-boirudo Wandārando		 1985 Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World 1991
ノルウェイの森
Noruwei no mori		 1987 Norwegian Wood 1989 (Birnbaum's translation);
2000 (Rubin's translation)
ダンス・ダンス・ダンス
Dansu dansu dansu		 1988 Dance Dance Dance 1994
国境の南、太陽の西
Kokkyō no minami, taiyō no nishi		 1992 South of the Border, West of the Sun 2000
ねじまき鳥クロニクル
Nejimaki-dori kuronikuru		 1994–1995 The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle 1997
スプートニクの恋人
Supūtoniku no koibito		 1999 Sputnik Sweetheart 2001
海辺のカフカ
Umibe no Kafuka		 2002 Kafka on the Shore 2005
アフターダーク
Afutā dāku		 2004 After Dark 2007
1Q84
Ichi-kyū-hachi-yon		 2009–2010 1Q84 2011
色彩を持たない多崎つくると、彼の巡礼の年
Shikisai o motanai Tazaki Tsukuru to, kare no junrei no toshi		 2013 Colorless Tsukuru Tazaki and His Years of Pilgrimage 2014
騎士団長殺し
Kishidanchō-goroshi		 2017 Killing Commendatore 2018

Collections
Original publication English publication Notes
Title Year Title Year
夢で逢いましょう

Yume de Aimashou

 1981 — — Co-authored with Shigesato Itoi
象の消滅
Zō no shōmetsu		 (2005)[115] The Elephant Vanishes
(17 stories, 1980–1991)		 1993
神の子どもたちはみな踊る
Kami no kodomo-tachi wa mina odoru		 2000 After the Quake
(6 stories, 1999–2000)		 2002
めくらやなぎと眠る女
Mekurayanagi to nemuru onna		 (2009)[116] Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman
(24 stories, 1980–2005)		 2006
女のいない男たち
Onna no inai otokotachi[117]		 2014 Men Without Women
(7 stories, 2013–2014)		 2017
一人称単数
Ichininshō Tansū[118]		 2020 First Person Singular
(8 stories, 2018–2020)		 2021

List of stories
Original publication English publication
Year Title Title Collected/reprinted in
1980 中国行きのスロウ・ボート
Chūgoku-yuki no surō bōto		 "A Slow Boat to China" The Elephant Vanishes
貧乏な叔母さんの話
Binbō na obasan no hanashi		 "A 'Poor Aunt' Story" (The New Yorker, December 3, 2001) Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman
1981 ニューヨーク炭鉱の悲劇
Nyū Yōku tankō no higeki		 "New York Mining Disaster" [1990][119] (The New Yorker, January 11, 1999) Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman
スパゲティーの年に
Supagetī no toshi ni		 "The Year of Spaghetti" (The New Yorker, November 21, 2005) Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman

"The Year of Spaghetti". The New Yorker. Vol. 97, no. 27. September 6, 2021. pp. 26–27.

四月のある晴れた朝に100パーセントの女の子に出会うことについて
Shigatsu no aru hareta asa ni 100-paasento no onna no ko ni deau koto ni tsuite		 "On Seeing the 100% Perfect Girl One Beautiful April Morning" The Elephant Vanishes
かいつぶり
Kaitsuburi		 "Dabchick" Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman
カンガルー日和
Kangarū biyori		 "A Perfect Day for Kangaroos"
カンガルー通信
Kangarū tsūshin		 "The Kangaroo Communiqué" The Elephant Vanishes
1982 午後の最後の芝生
Gogo no saigo no shibafu		 "The Last Lawn of the Afternoon"
1983 鏡
Kagami		 "The Mirror" Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman
とんがり焼の盛衰
Tongari-yaki no seisui		 "The Rise and Fall of Sharpie Cakes"
螢
Hotaru		 "Firefly"
納屋を焼く
Naya o yaku		 "Barn Burning" (The New Yorker, November 2, 1992) The Elephant Vanishes
1963/1982年のイパネマ娘
1963/1982-nen no Ipanema-musume		 "The 1963/1982 Girl from Ipanema" The Penguin Book of Japanese Short Stories (2018)
1984 蟹 (within 野球場)
Kani (within Yakyūjō)		 "Crabs" [2003][120] Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman
嘔吐1979
Ōto 1979		 "Nausea 1979"
ハンティング・ナイフ
Hantingu naifu = Hunting knife		 "Hunting Knife" (The New Yorker, November 17, 2003)
踊る小人
Odoru kobito		 "The Dancing Dwarf" The Elephant Vanishes
1985 レーダーホーゼン
Rēdāhōzen = Lederhosen		 "Lederhosen"
パン屋再襲撃
Pan'ya saishūgeki		 "The Second Bakery Attack"
象の消滅
Zō no shōmetsu		 "The Elephant Vanishes" (The New Yorker, November 18, 1991)
ファミリー・アフェア
Famirī afea = Family affair		 "Family Affair"
1986 ローマ帝国の崩壊・一八八一年のインディアン蜂起・ヒットラーのポーランド侵入・そして強風世界
Rōma-teikoku no hōkai・1881-nen no Indian hōki・Hittorā no Pōrando shinnyū・soshite kyōfū sekai		 "The Fall of the Roman Empire, the 1881 Indian Uprising, Hitler's Invasion of Poland, and the Realm of Raging Winds"
ねじまき鳥と火曜日の女たち
Nejimaki-dori to kayōbi no onnatachi		 "The Wind-up Bird And Tuesday's Women" (The New Yorker, November 26, 1990)
1989 眠り
Nemuri		 "Sleep" (The New Yorker, March 30, 1992)
TVピープル
TV pīpuru = TV people[121]		 "TV People" (The New Yorker, September 10, 1990)
飛行機―あるいは彼はいかにして詩を読むようにひとりごとを言ったか
Hikōki: arui wa kare wa ika ni shite shi o yomu yō ni hitorigoto o itta ka		 "Aeroplane: Or, How He Talked to Himself as if Reciting Poetry" [1987][122] (The New Yorker, July 1, 2002) Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman
我らの時代のフォークロア―高度資本主義前史
Warera no jidai no fōkuroa: kōdo shihonshugi zenshi		 "A Folklore for My Generation: A Prehistory of Late-Stage Capitalism"
1990 トニー滝谷
Tonii Takitani		 "Tony Takitani" (The New Yorker, April 15, 2002)
1991 沈黙
Chinmoku		 "The Silence" The Elephant Vanishes
窓
Mado		 "A Window" [1982][123]
緑色の獣
Midori-iro no kemono		 "The Little Green Monster"
氷男
Kōri otoko		 "The Ice Man" Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman
人喰い猫
Hito-kui neko		 "Man-Eating Cats" (The New Yorker, December 4, 2000)
1995 めくらやなぎと、眠る女
Mekurayanagi to, nemuru onna		 "Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman" [1983][124]
1996 七番目の男
Nanabanme no otoko		 "The Seventh Man"
1999 UFOが釧路に降りる
UFO ga Kushiro ni oriru		 "UFO in Kushiro" (The New Yorker, March 19, 2001) after the quake
アイロンのある風景
Airon no aru fūkei		 "Landscape with Flatiron"
神の子どもたちはみな踊る
Kami no kodomotachi wa mina odoru		 "All God's Children Can Dance"
タイランド
Tairando = Thailand		 "Thailand"
かえるくん、東京を救う
Kaeru-kun, Tōkyō o sukuu		 "Super-Frog Saves Tokyo"
2000 蜂蜜パイ
Hachimitsu pai		 "Honey Pie" (The New Yorker, August 20, 2001)
2002 バースデイ・ガール
Bāsudei gāru = Birthday girl		 "Birthday Girl" Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman
2005 偶然の旅人
Gūzen no tabibito		 "Chance Traveller"
ハナレイ・ベイ
Hanarei Bei = Hanalei Bay		 "Hanalei Bay"
どこであれそれが見つかりそうな場所で
Doko de are sore ga mitsukarisō na basho de		 "Where I'm Likely to Find It" (The New Yorker, May 2, 2005)
日々移動する腎臓のかたちをした石
Hibi idō suru jinzō no katachi o shita ishi		 "The Kidney-Shaped Stone That Moves Every Day"
品川猿
Shinagawa saru		 "A Shinagawa Monkey" (The New Yorker, February 13, 2006)
2011 — "Town of Cats" (Excerpt from 1Q84) (The New Yorker, September 5, 2011)[125] —
2013 — "A Walk to Kobe" (Granta, issue 124, Summer 2013)[126] —
恋するザムザ
Koisuru zamuza		 Murakami, Haruki (October 28, 2013). "Samsa in love". The New Yorker. Vol. 89, no. 34. Translated by Ted Goossen. pp. 60–69. Men Without Women
ドライブ・マイ・カー
Doraibu mai kā		 "Drive My Car"[127]
2014 イエスタデイ
Iesutadei		 "Yesterday" (The New Yorker, June 9, 2014)[128]
シェエラザード
Sheerazādo		 "Scheherazade" (The New Yorker, October 13, 2014)[129]
2015 木野
Kino		 "Kino" (The New Yorker, February 23, 2015)[130]
2018 — "Wind Cave" (The New Yorker, September 3, 2018)[131] —
クリーム
Kurīmu (Bungakukai. July 2018.)[132]		 "Cream" (The New Yorker, January 28, 2019)[133] First Person Singular
チャーリー・パーカー・プレイズ・ボサノヴァ
Chārī Pākā Pureizu Bosanova (Bungakukai. July 2018.)[132]		 "Charlie Parker Plays Bossa Nova" (Granta 148, Summer 2019)[134]
石のまくらに
Ishi no Makura ni (Bungakukai. July 2018.)[132]		 "On a Stone Pillow"
2019 ウィズ・ザ・ビートルズ
Wizu za Bītoruzu (Bungakukai. August 2019.)[132]		 "With the Beatles" (The New Yorker, February 17 and 24, 2020)[135]
ヤクルト・スワローズ詩集
Yakuruto Suwarōzu Shishū (Bungakukai. August 2019.)[132]		 The Yakult Swallows Poetry Collection
謝肉祭
Shanikusai (Bungakukai. December 2019.)[132]		 "Carnaval"
2020 品川猿の告白
Shinagawa Saru no Kokuhaku (Bungakukai. February 2020.)[132]		 "Confessions of a Shinagawa Monkey" (The New Yorker, June 8 and 15, 2020)[136]
一人称単数
Ichininshō Tansū		 "First Person Singular"

Essays and nonfiction

Murakami has published more than 40 books of non-fiction. Among them are:

English publication Japanese publication
Year Title Year Title
N/A Walk, Don't Run 1981 ウォーク・ドント・ラン : 村上龍 vs 村上春樹
Wōku donto ran = Walk, don't run: Murakami Ryū vs Murakami Haruki
N/A Rain, Burning Sun (Come Rain or Come Shine) 1990 雨天炎天
Uten Enten
N/A Portrait in Jazz 1997 ポ－トレイト・イン・ジャズ
Pōtoreito in jazu = Portrait in jazz
2000 Underground 1997 アンダーグラウンド
Andāguraundo = Underground
1998 約束された場所で―underground 2
Yakusoku sareta basho de: Underground 2
N/A Portrait in Jazz 2 2001 ポ－トレイト・イン・ジャズ 2
Pōtoreito in jazu 2 = Portrait in jazz 2
2008 What I Talk About When I Talk About Running 2007 走ることについて語るときに僕の語ること
Hashiru koto ni tsuite kataru toki ni boku no kataru koto
N/A It Ain't Got that Swing (If It Don't Mean a Thing) 2008 意味がなければスイングはない
Imi ga nakereba suingu wa nai
2016 Absolutely on Music: Conversations with Seiji Ozawa 2011 小澤征爾さんと、音楽について話をする
2016 Haruki Murakami Goes to Meet Hayao Kawai 1996 村上春樹、河合隼雄に会いにいく
N/A What Is There To Do In Laos? 2015 Raos ni ittai nani ga aru to iun desuka? (ラオスにいったい何があるというんですか?)
2019 Abandoning a Cat: Memories of my Father 2019 Neko o suteru chichioya ni tsuite kataru toki (猫を棄てるー父親について語るとき)
2021 Murakami T : the T-Shirts I Love — —
2022 Novelist as a Vocation 2015 職業としての小説家
Shokugyō to shite no shōsetsuka

Other books
Original publication English publication
Title Year Title Year
バースデイ・ストーリーズ
Bāsudei sutōrīzu = Birthday stories		 2002 Birthday Stories
(anthology of stories by various authors selected and translated by Murakami,
featuring one original story, "Birthday Girl," later collected in Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman)		 2004
ふしぎな図書館
Fushigi na toshokan		 2005 The Strange Library
(illustrated children's novella,
revised from his 1982 short story Toshokan kitan)[137][138]		 2014

See also

References
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  106. "Murakami chides Japan for ignoring role in WWII, Fukushima disaster". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on March 6, 2017. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
  107. "Murakami says Japan ignoring WWII, Fukushima role". Business Insider. Murakami, one of Japan's best known writers who has repeatedly been tipped as a future Nobel Literature laureate, said that it was natural for China and the Koreas to continue to feel resentment towards Japan for its wartime aggressions.
  108. "Japan must apologise for WWII until it is forgiven: novelist Haruki Murakami". The Straits Times. April 17, 2015. Archived from the original on March 7, 2017. Retrieved March 8, 2017. Murakami, one of Japan's best known writers who has repeatedly been tipped as a future Nobel Literature laureate, has often chided his country for shirking responsibility for its World War II aggression.
  109. Wee, Darren (January 22, 2015). "Haruki Murakami: I support gay marriage". Gay Star News. Retrieved August 21, 2022.
  110. Yamaguchi, Mari (August 30, 2021). "Haruki Murakami Criticizes Japan's PM Over Pandemic Measures". Bloomberg. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
  111. Chilton, Louis (August 30, 2021). "Haruki Murakami criticises Japanese prime minister's Covid response: 'He sees only what he wants to see'". The Independent. Archived from the original on May 9, 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2021.
  112. NEWS, KYODO. "Author Haruki Murakami to call for peace in Ukraine". Kyodo News+. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  113. the-japan-news.com https://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0008366868. Retrieved March 18, 2022. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  114. "Source". Geocities.jp. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
  115. The Elephant Vanishes was first a 1993 English-language compilation, whose Japanese counterpart was released in 2005. (See also the collection's article ja:象の消滅 短篇選集 1980–1991 in Japanese.)
  116. Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman was first a 2006 English-language compilation, whose Japanese counterpart was released in 2009. (See also the collection's article ja:めくらやなぎと眠る女 (短編小説集) in Japanese.)
  117. "Murakami's new book hits shelves amid fan frenzy; more ordered" Archived January 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The Japan Times, April 18, 2014.
  118. Karashima, David (July 20, 2020). "Five Japanese Authors Share Their Favorite Murakami Short Stories". Literary Hub. Retrieved December 26, 2020.
  119. A longer version of "New York Mining Disaster" (ニューヨーク炭鉱の悲劇, Nyū Yōku tankō no higeki) was first published in magazine in 1981, then a shorter revised version collected in 1990. (See also ja:ニューヨーク炭鉱の悲劇 (村上春樹) in Japanese.)
  120. The short story "Crabs" (蟹, Kani) was first published nested within the untranslated story "Baseball Field" (野球場, Yakyūjō) in 1984, then cut out and revised for separate publication in 2003. See also: Daniel Morales (2008), "Murakami Haruki B-Sides" Archived December 25, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Néojaponisme, May 12, 2008: "Thus begins "Baseball Field" [1984], one of Haruki Murakami's lesser-known short stories. Part of the story was extracted, edited and expanded into "Crabs", published in Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman, but the entirety has never been published in English. The young man in the story is at a café with Murakami himself. He mailed Murakami one of his short stories (the content of which the real-life Murakami later turned into "Crabs"), and Murakami, charmed by the young man's interesting handwriting and somewhat impressed with the story itself, read all 70 pages and sent him a letter of suggestions. "Baseball Field" tells the story of their subsequent meeting over coffee."
  121. This story originally appeared in a magazine under the longer title TVピープルの逆襲 (TV pīpuru no gyakushū, literally "The TV People Strike Back") but received this shorter final title for all further appearances. (See also ja:TVピープル in Japanese.)
  122. An earlier version of "Aeroplane" was published in 1987, then this rewritten version published in 1989. (See also ja:飛行機―あるいは彼はいかにして詩を読むようにひとりごとを言ったか in Japanese.)
  123. An earlier version of "A Window" (窓, Mado) was first published in a magazine in 1982 under the title "Do You Like Burt Bacharach?" (バート・バカラックはお好き？, Bāto Bakarakku wa o suki?), then this rewritten version was published in 1991.
  124. "Blind Willow, Sleeping Woman" was first published in 1983 as a different version (whose title didn't bear a comma), then rewritten in 1995 (taking its final title). (See also the story's article ja:めくらやなぎと眠る女 in Japanese.)
  125. Murakami, Haruki, "Town of Cats" Archived September 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, The New Yorker, September 5, 2011.
  126. Murakami, Haruki, "A Walk to Kobe" Archived September 11, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, Granta, issue 123, Summer 2013.
  127. Liz Bury (November 8, 2013). "Haruki Murakami gets back to the Beatles in new short story". The Guardian. Archived from the original on November 11, 2013. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
  128. Murakami, Haruki, "Yesterday" Archived July 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The New Yorker, June 9, 2014.
  129. Murakami, Haruki, "Scheherazade" Archived October 18, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, The New Yorker, October 13, 2014.
  130. Murakami, Haruki, "Kino" Archived February 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, The New Yorker, February 23, 2015.
  131. Murakami, Haruki, Archived January 21, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New Yorker, September 3, 2018.
  132. "村上春樹さん6年ぶりの短篇小説集『一人称単数』の収録作が公開されました". books.bunshun.jp (in Japanese). June 30, 2020. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
  133. Murakami, Haruki, Archived February 6, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, The New Yorker, January 28, 2019.
  134. "Charlie Parker Plays Bossa Nova". Granta Magazine. August 1, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  135. Murakami, Haruki, Archived February 23, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, The New Yorker, February 17 & 24, 2020.
  136. Murakami, Haruki, "Confessions of a Shinagawa Monkey", The New Yorker, June 2, 2020, retrieved June 6, 2020, The New Yorker, June 8 & 15, 2020.
  137. Strange Library Archived December 1, 2014, at the Wayback Machine at The Complete Review.
  138. Peschel, Joseph, "Book review: 'The Strange Library', by Haruki Murakami" Archived April 25, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, The Washington Post, December 16, 2014.

Further reading
  • Pintor, Ivan. "David Lynch y Haruki Murakami, la llama en el umbral", in: VV.AA., Universo Lynch. Internacional Sitges Film Festival-Calamar 2007 (ISBN 84-96235-16-5)
  • Rubin, Jay. Haruki Murakami and the Music of Words. Harvill Press, 2002 (ISBN 1-86046-952-3)
  • Strecher, Matthew Carl. The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle Readers Guide. Continuum Pubublishing Group, 2002 (ISBN 0-8264-5239-6)
  • Strecher, Matthew Carl. Dances with Sheep: The Quest for Identity in the Fiction of Murakami Haruki. University of Michigan/Monographs in Japanese Studies, 2001 (ISBN 1-929280-07-6)
  • Suter, Rebecca. The Japanization of Modernity: Murakami Haruki Between Japan and the United States. Harvard University Asian Center, 2008. (ISBN 978-0-674-02833-3)
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