New Jersey Senate

The New Jersey Senate was established as the upper house of the New Jersey Legislature by the Constitution of 1844, replacing the Legislative Council. There are 40 legislative districts, representing districts with average populations of 232,225 (2020 figure). Each district has one senator and two members of the New Jersey General Assembly, the lower house of the legislature. Prior to the election in which they are chosen, senators must be a minimum of 30 years old and a resident of the state for four years to be eligible to serve in office.[1]

New Jersey Senate
New Jersey Legislature
Type
Type
Term limits
None
History
New session started
January 11, 2022
Leadership
President
Nicholas Scutari (D)
since January 11, 2022
President pro tempore
Sandra Bolden Cunningham (D)
since January 11, 2022
Majority Leader
Teresa Ruiz (D)
since January 11, 2022
Minority Leader
Steve Oroho (R)
since January 11, 2022
Structure
Seats40
Political groups
Majority
  •   Democratic (24)

Minority

  •   Republican (16)
Length of term
4 years (with one two-year term each decade)
AuthorityArticle IV, New Jersey Constitution
Salary$49,000/year
Elections
Last election
November 2, 2021
Next election
November 7, 2023
RedistrictingNew Jersey Apportionment Commission
Meeting place
State Senate Chamber
New Jersey State House
Trenton, New Jersey
Website
New Jersey State Legislature

From 1844 until 1965 (when the Reynolds v. Sims US Supreme Court decision mandated all state legislators be elected from districts of roughly equal population), each county was an electoral district electing one senator. Under the 1844 Constitution the term of office was three years, which was changed to four years with the 1947 Constitution. Since 1968 the Senate has consisted of 40 senators, who are elected in a "2-4-4" cycle. Senators serve a two-year term at the beginning of each decade, with the rest of the decade divided into two four-year terms. The "2-4-4" cycle was put into place so that Senate elections can reflect the changes made to the district boundaries on the basis of the decennial United States Census.[1] If the cycle were not put into place, then the boundaries would sometimes be four years out of date before being used for Senate elections. Rather, with the varied term, the boundaries are only two years out of date. Thus elections for Senate seats take place in years ending with a "1", "3", or "7" (i.e. next elections in 2023, 2027, and 2031).

Interim appointments are made to fill vacant legislative seats by the county committee or committees of the party of the vacating person (since a constitutional amendment passed on November 8, 1988). The office is on the ballot for the next general election, even if the other Senate seats are not up for election in that year (such as in years ending with a "5" or "9", such as 2009 or 2015). The sole exception to this is if the vacancy occurred within 51 days of the election, in which case the appointment stands until the following general election.[2]

Senatorial courtesy

Senatorial courtesy is a senate tradition that allows home county legislators to intercede to prevent consideration of a local resident nominated by the Governor for a position that requires Senate confirmation.[3] Any of the senators from the nominee's home county can invoke senatorial courtesy to block a nomination, temporarily or permanently, without any obligation to justify the basis of their actions.[4]

Governor Corzine nominated Stuart Rabner on June 4, 2007, to be the next Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court, replacing James R. Zazzali, who was nearing mandatory retirement age.[5] Shortly after the nomination, two members of the Senate from Essex County, where Rabner resides, blocked consideration of his confirmation by invoking senatorial courtesy. State Senator Ronald Rice had initially blocked the nomination, but relented on June 15, 2007, after a meeting with the governor.[6] Nia Gill dropped her block on June 19, 2007, but did not explain the nature of her concerns, though anonymous lawmakers cited in The New York Times indicated that the objection was due to Rabner's race and Governor Corzine's failure to consider a minority candidate for the post.[3]

Also in June 2007, Loretta Weinberg used senatorial courtesy privileges to hold up consideration of a new term in office for Bergen County Prosecutor John Molinelli.[4]

Acting governor

Until 2010, in the event of a gubernatorial vacancy, the New Jersey Constitution had specified that the President of the Senate (followed by the Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly) would assume the role of Acting Governor and retain their role in the Senate (or Assembly). An Acting Governor would then assume the governorship while retaining the reins of power in their house of the legislature.[7]

The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey took office for the first time on January 19, 2010, following conjoint election with the Governor of New Jersey. The position was created as the result of a Constitutional amendment to the New Jersey State Constitution passed by the voters on November 8, 2005. While the amendment itself took effect as of January 17, 2006, and made some interim changes to the succession to the governorship, the first lieutenant governor was not elected until November 3, 2009.

Composition
Affiliation Party
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
 Total
Democratic Republican Vacant
2016-2017 legislature 24 16 40 0
2018-2019 legislature 25 15 40 0
January 28, 2019[8][9] 26 14 40 0
September 16, 2019[10][11] 26 13 39 1
2020-2021 legislature 25 15 40 0
Current term (2022-2023) 24 16 40 0
Latest voting share 60% 40%

List of state senators
Map of The New Jersey State Senate for the 2022-2024 Legislative Session.
  Democratic senator
  Republican senator
District Senator Party Assumed office
District 1 Mike Testa Republican December 5, 2019
District 2 Vincent J. Polistina Republican November 8, 2021
District 3 Edward Durr Republican January 11, 2022
District 4 Fred H. Madden Democratic January 13, 2004
District 5 Nilsa Cruz-Perez Democratic December 15, 2014
District 6 James Beach Democratic January 3, 2009
District 7 Troy Singleton Democratic January 9, 2018
District 8 Jean Stanfield Republican January 11, 2022
District 9 Christopher J. Connors Republican January 8, 2008
District 10 James W. Holzapfel Republican January 10, 2012
District 11 Vin Gopal Democratic January 9, 2018
District 12 Samuel D. Thompson Republican January 10, 2012
District 13 Declan O'Scanlon Republican January 9, 2018
District 14 Linda R. Greenstein Democratic December 6, 2010
District 15 Shirley Turner Democratic January 13, 1998
District 16 Andrew Zwicker Democratic January 11, 2022
District 17 Bob Smith Democratic January 8, 2002
District 18 Patrick J. Diegnan Democratic May 9, 2016
District 19 Joe F. Vitale Democratic January 13, 1998
District 20 Joseph Cryan Democratic January 9, 2018
District 21 Jon Bramnick Republican January 11, 2022
District 22 Nicholas Scutari Democratic January 13, 2004
District 23 Michael J. Doherty Republican November 23, 2009
District 24 Steve Oroho Republican January 8, 2008
District 25 Anthony M. Bucco Republican October 24, 2019
District 26 Joseph Pennacchio Republican August 21, 2017
District 27 Richard Codey Democratic January 10, 1982
District 28 Renee Burgess Democratic September 29, 2022
District 29 Teresa Ruiz Democratic January 8, 2008
District 30 Robert W. Singer Republican October 14, 1993
District 31 Sandra Bolden Cunningham Democratic November 8, 2007
District 32 Nicholas Sacco Democratic January 11, 1994
District 33 Brian P. Stack Democratic January 8, 2008
District 34 Nia Gill Democratic November 8, 2002
District 35 Nellie Pou Democratic January 10, 2012
District 36 Paul Sarlo Democratic May 19, 2003
District 37 Gordon Johnson Democratic January 11, 2022
District 38 Joseph Lagana Democratic April 12, 2018
District 39 Holly Schepisi Republican March 25, 2021
District 40 Kristin Corrado Republican October 5, 2017

    Committees and committee chairs

    Committee chairs for the 2018–2019 Legislative Session are:[12]

    • Budget and Appropriations - Paul Sarlo (D-Wood-Ridge)
    • Commerce - Nellie Pou (D-North Haledon)
    • Community and Urban Affairs - Troy Singleton (D-Palmyra)
    • Economic Growth - Nilsa Cruz-Perez (D-Barrington)
    • Education - Vin Gopal (D-Long Branch)
    • Environment and Energy - Bob Smith (D-Piscataway)
    • Health, Human Services and Senior Citizens - Joe F. Vitale (D-Woodbridge Township)
    • Higher Education - Sandra Bolden Cunningham (D-Jersey City)
    • Judiciary - Brian P. Stack (D-Union City)
    • Labor - Fred H. Madden (D-Washington Township, Gloucester County)
    • Law and Public Safety - Linda R. Greenstein (D-Plainsboro Township)
    • Legislative Oversight - Richard J. Codey (D-Roseland)
    • Military and Veterans' Affairs - Joseph Cryan (D-Union Township)
    • Rules and Order - TBD
    • Select Committee on School Funding Fairness - TBD
    • State Government, Wagering, Tourism & Historic Preservation - James Beach (D-Voorhees Township)
    • Transportation - Patrick J. Diegnan (D-South Plainfield)

    List of Senate Presidents

    The following is a list of Presidents of the New Jersey Senate since the adoption of the 1844 State Constitution:[13]

    • 1845–1848: John C. Smallwood, Gloucester
    • 1849–1850: Ephraim March, Morris
    • 1851: Silas D. Canfield, Passaic
    • 1852: John Manners, Hunterdon
    • 1853–1856: William C. Alexander, Mercer
    • 1857–1858: Henry V. Speer, Middlesex
    • 1859: Thomas H. Herring, Bergen
    • 1860: Charles L. C. Gifford, Essex
    • 1861: Edmund Perry, Hunterdon
    • 1862: Joseph T. Crowell, Union
    • 1863: Anthony Reckless, Monmouth
    • 1864: Amos Robbins, Middlesex
    • 1865: Edward W. Scudder, Mercer
    • 1866: James M. Scovel, Camden
    • 1867: Benjamin Buckley, Passaic
    • 1868–1869: Henry S. Little, Monmouth
    • 1870: Amos Robbins
    • 1871–1872: Edward Bettle, Camden
    • 1873–1875: John W. Taylor, Essex
    • 1876: William J. Sewell, Camden
    • 1877: Leon Abbett, Hudson
    • 1878: George C. Ludlow, Middlesex
    • 1879–1880: William J. Sewell
    • 1881–1882: Garret Hobart, Passaic
    • 1883: John J. Gardner, Atlantic
    • 1884: Benjamin A. Vail, Union
    • 1885: Abraham V. Schenck, Middlesex
    • 1886: John W. Griggs, Passaic
    • 1887: Frederick S. Fish, Essex
    • 1888: George H. Large, Hunterdon
    • 1889: George T. Werts, Morris
    • 1890: Henry M. Nevius, Monmouth
    • 1891–1893: Robert Adrain, Middlesex
    • 1894: Maurice A. Rogers, Camden
    • 1895: Edward C. Stokes, Cumberland
    • 1896: Lewis A. Thompson, Somerset (resigned March 30)
    • 1896–1897: Robert Williams, Passaic
    • 1898: Foster M. Voorhees, Union (became Acting Governor February 1)
    • 1898: William H. Skirm (pro tem), Mercer
    • 1899: Charles A. Reed, Somerset
    • 1900: William M. Johnson, Bergen
    • 1901: Mahlon Pitney, Morris
    • 1902: Charles Asa Francis, Monmouth
    • 1903: Elijah C. Hutchinson, Mercer
    • 1904: Edmund W. Wakelee, Bergen
    • 1905: Joseph Cross, Union (resigned March 30)
    • 1905–1906: William J. Bradley, Camden
    • 1907: Bloomfield H. Minch, Cumberland
    • 1908: Thomas J. Hillery, Morris
    • 1909: Samuel K. Robbins, Burlington (resigned April 16)
    • 1909–1910: Joseph S. Frelinghuysen, Somerset
    • 1911: Ernest R. Ackerman, Union
    • 1912: John Dyneley Prince, Passaic
    • 1913: James F. Fielder, Hudson (became Acting Governor March 1)
    • 1913: James A. C. Johnson (pro tem), Bergen
    • 1914: John W. Slocum, Monmouth
    • 1915: Walter E. Edge, Atlantic
    • 1916: William T. Read, Camden (resigned March 29)
    • 1916–1917: George W. F. Gaunt, Gloucester
    • 1918: Thomas F. McCran, Passaic
    • 1919: William N. Runyon, Union
    • 1920: Clarence E. Case, Somerset
    • 1921: Collins B. Allen, Salem
    • 1922: William B. Mackay Jr., Bergen
    • 1923: Joseph F. Wallworth, Camden
    • 1924: Firman M. Reeves, Cumberland
    • 1925: William H. Bright, Cape May
    • 1926: Morgan F. Larson, Middlesex
    • 1927: Francis B. Davis, Gloucester
    • 1928: William A. Stevens, Monmouth
    • 1929: Thomas A. Mathis, Ocean
    • 1930: Arthur N. Pierson, Union
    • 1931: Joseph G. Wolber, Essex
    • 1932: A. Crozer Reeves, Mercer
    • 1933: Emerson Lewis Richards, Atlantic
    • 1934: Clifford R. Powell, Burlington
    • 1935: Horace G. Prall, Hunterdon
    • 1936: John C. Barbour, Passaic (resigned June 26)
    • 1936–1937: Frank Durand, Monmouth
    • 1938: Charles E. Loizeaux, Union
    • 1939: Robert C. Hendrickson, Gloucester
    • 1940: Arthur F. Foran, Hunterdon
    • 1941–1942: I. Grant Scott, Cape May
    • 1943: George H. Stanger, Cumberland
    • 1944: Howard Eastwood, Burlington (resigned August 31)
    • 1944: George H. Stanger
    • 1945: Frank S. Farley, Atlantic
    • 1946: Haydn Proctor, Monmouth
    • 1947: Charles K. Barton, Passaic
    • 1948: John M. Summerill Jr., Salem
    • 1949: David Van Alstyne, Bergen
    • 1950: Samuel L. Bodine, Hunterdon
    • 1951: Alfred B. Littell, Sussex
    • 1952: Harold W. Hannold, Gloucester
    • 1953: David Young III, Morris
    • 1954: W. Steelman Mathis, Ocean
    • 1955: Bruce A. Wallace, Camden
    • 1956: Wayne Dumont Jr., Warren
    • 1957: Albert McCay, Burlington
    • 1958: Richard R. Stout, Monmouth
    • 1959: Wesley L. Lance, Hunterdon
    • 1960: George B. Harper, Sussex
    • 1961: Thomas J. Hillery, Morris
    • 1962: Robert C. Crane, Union (resigned January 9)
    • 1962: Frank S. Farley
    • 1963: William E. Ozzard, Somerset
    • 1964–1965: Charles W. Sandman, Cape May
    • 1966: John A. Lynch Sr., 7th District
    • 1967: Sido L. Ridolfi, 6th District
    • 1968: Edwin B. Forsythe, 4B District
    • 1969: Frank X. McDermott, 9th District
    • 1970–1972: Raymond Bateman, 8th District
    • 1973: Alfred N. Beadleston, 5th District
    • 1974–1975: Frank J. Dodd, 26th District
    • 1976–1977: Matthew Feldman, 37th District
    • 1978–1981: Joseph P. Merlino, 13th District
    • 1982–1986: Carmen A. Orechio, 30th District
    • 1986–1990: John F. Russo, 10th District
    • 1990–1991: John A. Lynch Jr., 17th District
    • 1992–2002: Donald DiFrancesco, 22nd District[14]
    • 2002–2004: John O. Bennett, 12th District and Richard Codey, 27th District (co-presidents, with the Senate split 20-20)[15]
    • 2004–2008: Richard Codey, 27th District (resigned January 7, 2008)[16]
    • 2008: Bernard Kenny, 33rd District (served January 7 to January 8, after Codey resigned to honor Kenny)[17]
    • 2008–2010: Richard Codey, 27th District[16]
    • 2010–2022: Stephen Sweeney, 3rd District; he was the longest-serving Senate President.[18]
    • 2022–present Nicholas Scutari, 22nd District[19]

    References
    1. Our Legislature, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 10, 2018. "Legislative elections are held in November of each odd-numbered year. Members of the Assembly serve two-year terms. Senators serve four-year terms, except for the first term of a new decade, which is only two years. This '2-4-4' cycle allows for elections from new districts as soon as possible after each reapportionment."
    2. New Jersey Constitution Archived June 30, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 10, 2018. "Any vacancy in the Legislature occasioned otherwise than by expiration of term shall be filled by election for the unexpired term only at the next general election occurring not less than 51 days after the occurrence of the vacancy, except that no vacancy shall be filled at the general election which immediately precedes the expiration of the term in which the vacancy occurs. For the interim period pending the election and qualification of a successor to fill the vacancy, or for the remainder of the term in the case of a vacancy occurring which cannot be filled pursuant to the terms of this paragraph at a general election, the vacancy shall be filled within 35 days by the members of the county committee of the political party of which the incumbent was the nominee from the municipalities or districts or units thereof which comprise the legislative district. Article IV, Section IV, paragraph 1 amended effective December 8, 1988."
    3. Jones, Richard G. "Senator Drops Objections to Corzine Court Nominee", The New York Times, June 20, 2007. Accessed June 20, 2007. "Senator Gill had delayed Mr. Rabner's confirmation hearing by using "senatorial courtesy" — an obscure practice through which senators who represent the home county of nominees may block consideration of their confirmations."
    4. Carmiel, Oshrat. "Deadline looms for Molinelli's job", The Record (Bergen County), June 20, 2007. Accessed June 20, 2007. "Bergen County Prosecutor John Molinelli, whose term expired last month, may have to wait until the fall to be considered again for a second term if state Sen. Loretta Weinberg doesn't sign off on his nomination today.... Weinberg is invoking an unwritten practice called senatorial courtesy, which allows state senators to block consideration of gubernatorial nominees from their home counties without explanation. The courtesy tradition, as applied to Molinelli, requires each senator from Bergen County to sign off on his nomination before the Judiciary Committee can consider the nomination."
    5. "Source: Corzine picks Rabner as chief justice, Milgram as AG", Courier News, May 31, 2007. Accessed May 31, 2007.
    6. Associated Press. "Opposition Ebbs on Corzine Judge", The New York Times, June 15, 2007. Accessed June 20, 2007. "Ronald L. Rice, an Essex County Democrat and state senator, said yesterday that he would no longer block Gov. Jon S. Corzine's nomination for chief justice of the State Supreme Court."
    7. Byrne, Brendan T. "Lt. Governor Is Not A Solution" (opinion commentary). The New York Times, August 29, 2004. Byrne, a former New Jersey governor, who opposed the creation of the lieutenant governor post, stated: "But what really troubles people in New Jersey is the fact that the senate president becomes acting governor while retaining his senate presidency." Retrieved August 30, 2004.
    8. Dawn Addiego (8th) changed party affiliation from Republican to Democratic.
    9. Levinsky, David. "Burlington County Times". www.burlingtoncountytimes.com.
    10. Anthony Bucco (25th) died.
    11. "State Sen. Tony Bucco Dead At 81". Morristown, NJ Patch. September 17, 2019.
    12. New Jersey Legislature Committees and Membership 2018-2019 Legislative Session - Senate Committees, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed February 5, 2018.
    13. Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey. J.A. Fitzgerald. 1977.
    14. Johnson, Brent. "Top Dem could soon become longest-serving N.J. Senate president", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 18, 2019, updated January 14, 2020. Accessed January 16, 2022. "In January, he will tie Donald DiFrancesco, a Republican who held the position from 1992 to 2002, for the longest tenure in the job."
    15. Kocieniewski, David. "Co-Presidents Of State Senate Devise Plan To Share Power", The New York Times, February 15, 2002. Accessed January 16, 2022. "Appearing at a jovial press conference that followed weeks of negotiations, Republican John O. Bennett and Democrat Richard Codey said that they would each serve six months a year as Senate president and that all of the 12 committees will have a co-chairman from each party. They also reached a compromise on the procedural dispute that had left the Senate, split 20-20 between the parties, deadlocked since the Legislature was sworn in Jan. 8."
    16. Heininger, Claire. "Richard Codey ends run as N.J. Senate president", The Star-Ledger, January 12, 2010, updated April 1, 2019. Accessed January 16, 2022. "So it went Monday, Codey's last at the center of New Jersey politics. Starting today, the Essex County Democrat and former governor will become just another face in the crowd when South Jersey Sen. Stephen Sweeney succeeds him as Senate President following a nasty internal fight.... He led the Democrats’ Senate caucus for 12 years and became Senate president in 2004."
    17. Reilly, Matthew. "Bernard Kenny honored as Senate president on last day in office", The Star-Ledger, January 7, 2008, updated April 2, 2019. Accessed January 16, 2022. "Retiring after a 21-year career in the New Jersey Legislature, Senate Majority Leader Bernard Kenny (D-Hudson) today took the gavel as Senate president for day. Senate President Richard Codey (D-Essex) relinquished his office for a day as a gesture to Kenny, who decided not to run for re-election to the Senate last November."
    18. Arco, Matt; and Sherman, Ted. "Scutari appears likely as next Senate president, sources say, with Sweeney’s Election Day loss", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, November 5, 2021. Accessed January 16, 2022. "Sweeney is the longest-serving Senate president in state history, having held the post since 2010, but he lost his re-election campaign in a surprise upset to a little-known Republican, Edward Durr, the Associated Press projected Thursday."
    19. Racioppi, Dustin. "Nick Scutari, a 'poor kid from Linden,' selected to become NJ's next Senate president", The Record, November 12, 2021. Accessed January 16, 2022. "Fellow Democrats on Friday chose Nicholas Scutari to succeed Stephen Sweeney as New Jersey's next Senate president, the second-most powerful position in state government."

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