Pakistani rupee

Rupee coin, struck in silver, used in the state of Bahawalpur before 1947.

Rupee coin, struck in gold, used in the state of Bahawalpur before 1947.

British Indian rupees were stamped with Government of Pakistan to be used as legal tender in the new state of Pakistan in 1947.

The word rūpiya is derived from the Sanskrit word rūpya, which means "wrought silver, a coin of silver",[4] in origin an adjective meaning "shapely", with a more specific meaning of "stamped, impressed", whence "coin". It is` derived from the noun rūpa "shape, likeness, image". Rūpaya was used to denote the coin introduced by Sher Shah Suri during his reign from 1540 to 1545 CE.

The Pakistani rupee was put into circulation in Pakistan after the dissolution of the British Raj in 1947. Initially, Pakistan used British Indian coins and notes simply over-stamped with "Pakistan". New coins and banknotes were issued in 1948. Like the Indian rupee, it was originally divided into 16 annas, each of 4 pice or 12 pie. The currency was decimalised on 1 January 1961, with the rupee subdivided into 100 pice, renamed (in English) paise (singular paisa) later the same year. However, coins denominated in paise have not been issued since 1994.

First Pakistani rupee coin, made of nickel, 1948.

Five paisa coin first used in 1965

1 paisa coin first used in 1972

5 paisa coin used in 1972

1 paisa coin used in 1974

2 paisa coin used in 1976

5 paisa coin issued until 1994, one of the last octagonal coins of Pakistan.

Re. 1/- coin (reverse) struck in aluminium used in 1986

Commemorative Rs. 20/- coin on the 150th year of Lawrence College Ghora Gali in 2011.

In 1948, coins were introduced in denominations of 1 pice, 1⁄2, 1 and 2 annas, 1⁄4, 1⁄2 and 1 rupee. 1 pie coins were added in 1951. In 1961, coins for 1, 5 and 10 pice were issued, followed later the same year by 1 paisa, 5 and 10 paise coins. In 1963, 10 and 25 paise coins were introduced, followed by 2 paise the next year. Re. 1/- coins were reintroduced in 1979, followed by Rs. 2/- in 1998 and Rs. 5/- in 2002. 2 paise coins were last minted in 1976, with 1 paisa coins ceasing production in 1979. The 5, 10, 25 and 50 paise all ceased production in 1996. There are two variations of Rs. 2/- coins: most have clouds above the Badshahi Masjid but many do not. The Re. 1/- and Rs. 2/- coins were changed to aluminium in 2007.

Paisa denominated coins ceased to be legal tender in 2013, leaving the Re. 1/- coin as the minimum legal tender.[5] On 15 October 2015, the Pakistan government introduced a revised Rs. 5/- coin with a reduced size and weight and having a golden colour, made from a composition of copper-nickel-zinc, and also in 2016 a Rs. 10/- coin was introduced into circulation.

In 2019 the Pakistan government introduced a commemorative Rs. 50/- coin to celebrate the 550th birthday of Sri Gru Nanak Dev Ji and in tribute of opening of new Gurdwara of Kartarpur Pakistan.[6]

Currently circulating coins
Obverse	Reverse	Value	Years in use	Composition	Obverse illustration	Reverse illustration
		Re. 1/-	1998 – present	Bronze (1998-2006) Aluminium (2007–present)	Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah	Hazrat Lal Shahbaz Qalandar Mausoleum, Sehwan Shareef
		Rs. 2/-	1998 – present	Brass (1998-1999) Nickel-brass (1999-2006) Aluminium (2007-)	Crescent and Star	Badshahi Masjid, Lahore
		Rs. 5/-	2002 – present	Cupronickel (2002-2011) Copper-Zinc-Nickel (2015–present)	Crescent and Star	Number "5"
		Rs. 10/-	2016 – 2018	Nickel-brass	Crescent and Star	Faisal Mosque, Islamabad
		Rs. 50/-	2019	Copper-Zinc-Nickel	Crescent and Star	Sri Gru Nanak Dev Ji Gurdwara, Kartarpur
For table standards, see the coin specification table.

On 1 April 1948, provisional notes were issued by the Reserve Bank of India and the Government of India on behalf of the Government of Pakistan, for use exclusively within Pakistan, without the possibility of redemption in India. Printed by the India Security Press in Nasik, these notes consist of Indian note plates engraved (not overprinted) with the words GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN in English and "Hukumat-e-PAKISTAN" in Urdu added at the top and bottom, respectively, of the watermark area on the front only; the signatures on these notes remain those of Indian banking and finance officials.[7]

Old Pakistani rupee note, with Bengali written on it, as Bengali was a state language of Pakistan.

Regular government issues commenced in 1948 in denominations of Re. 1/-, Rs. 5/-, Rs. 10/- and Rs. 100/-. The government continued to issue Re. 1 notes until the 1980s but another note-issuing was taken over by the State Bank of Pakistan in 1953 when Rs. 2/-, Rs. 5/-, Rs. 10/- and Rs. 100/- notes were issued. Only a few Rs. 2/- notes were issued. Rs. 50/- notes were added in 1957, with Rs. 2/- notes reintroduced in 1985. In 1986, Rs. 500/- notes were introduced, followed by Rs. 1,000/- the next year. Rs. 2/- and Rs. 5/- notes were replaced by coins in 1998 and 2002. Rs. 20/- notes were added in 2005, followed by Rs. 5,000/- in 2006. Until 1971, Pakistan banknotes were bilingual, featuring Bengali translation of the Urdu text (where the currency was renamed taka), since Bengali was the state language of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).[8]

All banknotes other than the Re. 1/- and Rs. 2/- feature a portrait of Muhammad Ali Jinnah on the obverse along with writing in Urdu. The reverses of the banknotes vary in design and have English text. The only Urdu text found on the reverse is the Urdu translation of the Prophetic Hadith, "Seeking an honest livelihood is an act of worship." which is حصول رزق حلال عبادت ہے (Hasool-e-Rizq-e-Halal Ibaadat hai).

The banknotes vary in size and colour, with larger denominations being longer than smaller ones. All contain multiple colours. However, each denomination does have one colour which predominates. All banknotes feature a watermark for security purposes. On the larger denomination notes, the watermark is a picture of Jinnah, while on smaller notes, it is a crescent and star. Different types of security threads are also present in each banknote.

Banknotes before the 2005 series[9]
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main color	Description – Reverse	Status
Obverse	Reverse
		Re. 1/-	95 × 66 mm	Brown	Tomb of Muhammad Iqbal in Lahore	No longer in circulation
		Rs. 2/-	109 × 66 mm	Purple	Badshahi Masjid in Lahore
		Rs. 5/-	127 × 73 mm	Burgundy	Khojak Tunnel in Balochistan
		Rs. 10/-	141 × 73 mm	Green	Mohenjo-daro in Larkana District	No longer in circulation
		Rs. 50/-	154 × 73 mm	Purple and red	Alamgiri Gate of the Lahore Fort in Lahore
		Rs. 100/-	165 × 73 mm	Red and orange	Islamia College in Peshawar
		Rs. 500/-	175 × 73 mm	Green, tan, red, and orange	The State Bank of Pakistan in Islamabad	No longer in circulation
		Rs. 1,000/-	175 × 73 mm	Blue	Tomb of Jahangir in Lahore

The State Bank has started a new series of banknotes, phasing out the older designs for new, more secure ones.

2005 series[10]
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main color		Description	Period
Obverse	Reverse					Reverse
		Rs. 5/-	115 × 65 mm	Greenish grey	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	Gwadar port, a large project in Balochistan (Pakistan)	8 July 2008 – 31 December 2012
		Rs. 10/-	115 × 65 mm	Green pink	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	Bab ul Khyber, the entrance to the Khyber Pass	27 May 2006 – present
		Rs. 20/-	123 × 65 mm	Brown	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	Mohenjo-daro in Larkana District	22 March 2008 – present
		Rs. 20/-	123 × 65 mm	Brown/orange green	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	Mohenjo-daro in Larkana District	22 March 2008 – present
		Rs. 50/-	131 × 65 mm	Purple	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	K2, second highest mountain of the world, in northern Pakistan	8 July 2008 – present
		Rs. 75/-	147× 65 mm	Emerald Green	Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muhammad Iqbal, Fatima Jinnah, Syed Ahmad Khan	Markhor, Deodar tree	30 September 2022 – present
		Rs. 100/-	139 × 65 mm	Red	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	Quaid-e-Azam Residency in Ziarat	11 November 2006 – present
		Rs. 500/-	147 × 65 mm	Rich deep green	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	Badshahi Masjid in Lahore
		Rs. 1,000/-	155 × 65 mm	Dark blue	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	Islamia College in Peshawar	26 February 2007 – present
		Rs. 5,000/-	163 × 65 mm	Mustard	Muhammad Ali Jinnah	Faisal Masjid in Islamabad	27 May 2006 – present

Due to the multitude of pilgrims to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the 1950s, the State Bank of Pakistan provided simple exchange facilities for Hajj pilgrims. The issue of special notes for the express use of the pilgrims was introduced. Although other means of exchange were considered, the high level of illiteracy amongst the Pakistani pilgrims and the additional costs that would be incurred through the need to purchase such means prevented the government from these methods of exchange. The State Bank Order to allow the issue of these "Hajj notes" was made in May 1950.

The use of Hajj notes continued until 1978. Until this date, stocks of notes were used without the necessity of printing new notes with the signatures of the later Governors. It is believed that, once the use of Hajj Notes was discontinued, most of the remaining stock of notes were destroyed. However, many notes entered the collector market following their sale to a banknote dealer by the State Bank of Pakistan.

Special banknotes for the 50th and 75th anniversary of the Independence of Pakistan
Image		Value	Main colour	Description – Reverse	Date of usage
Obverse	Reverse
		Rs. 5/-	Dark purple	Baha-ud-din Zakariya Tomb Multan	1997
		Rs. 75/-	Emerald Green	Markhor, Deodar tree	2022
For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

US dollar-Pakistani rupee exchange rate

Since the United States dollar suspension in 1971 of convertibility of paper currency into any precious metal, the Pakistani rupee has been fiat money. Before the collapse of Bretton Woods system, currency was pegged at fixed exchange rate to the United States dollar for international trade, with the dollar convertible to gold for foreign governments only.

The rupee was pegged to sterling until 1982 when the government of General Zia-ul-Haq changed to a managed float. As a result, the rupee devalued by 38.5% between 1982–83 and 1987–88 and the cost of importing raw materials increased rapidly, causing pressure on Pakistani finances and damaging much of the industrial base. The Pakistani rupee depreciated against the United States dollar until the turn of the century, when Pakistan's large current account surplus pushed the value of the rupee up against the dollar. The State Bank of Pakistan then stabilized the exchange rate by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, in order to preserve the country's export competitiveness.

2008 was termed a disastrous year for the rupee after the elections: between December 2007 and August 2008 it lost 23% of its value, falling to a record low of Rs.79/20 against the US dollar.[11] The major reasons for this depreciation were huge current and trade accounts deficits that had built up since the credit boom in Pakistan after 2002. Due to rising militancy in the NWFP and FATA areas, foreign direct investment began to fall, and the structural problems of the balance of payment were exposed; foreign exchange reserves fell disastrously to as low as US$2 billion. However, by February 2011 Forex reserves had recovered and set a new record of $17 billion. Of that US$17 billion, more than US$10 billion was borrowed money on which interest was payable.

In February 2016 the rupee was Rs. 104/66 against US dollar. In December 2017, after holding talks with the IMF, Pakistan agreed to depreciate the rupee and the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) would now let the currency exchange rate adjust to market conditions after many months, or years, of resisting expectations.[12] The Pakistani rupee touched a new low of Rs. 110/67 against the US dollar, and on 18 July it touched another record new low of Rs. 128/26 against the dollar.[13] It hit another low of Rs. 161/50 against the dollar on 26 June 2019..

On 17 March 2022, rupee lost Re. -/63 or 0.35 per cent against the dollar to settle at Rs. 180/07, as per data published by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), .[14]

As of 7 April 2022 the Pakistani rupee now stands at Rs. 186/13.[15] As of 18 May 2022 the Pakistani rupee now stands at Rs. 195/65.[16] As of 30 June 2022 Pakistan Rupee stands at Rs. 204/01. As of 20 August 2022 the Pakistani rupee now stands at Rs. 214/50 to the dollar

• Currency
• Rupee
• History of the rupee
• Economy of Pakistan
• List of countries by leading trade partners

• AA EXCHANGE is SBP's Authorized agent for PAK RUPEE conversion into foreign currency
• SBP's webpage on the newnotes
• Business Recorder: Pakistan's first financial newspaper
• State Bank to issue Rs.5000/- and New Rs.10/- Banknotes from 27 May 2006: Governor